Fosfato tricálcico e hidróxido de cálcio no reparo ósseo em coelho. Estudo histológico e histomorfométrico / Tricalcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide in rabbit bone repair. Histological and histomorphometric evaluation

RESUMO

A deficiência óssea requer procedimentos restauradores como uso de enxertos e substitutos ósseos para a reabilitação estética e funcional. Com o desenvolvimento dos biomateriais, a biocerâmica à base de fosfato de cálcio tornou-se alternativa promissora para a recomposição de estruturas ósseas, entretanto não apresenta potencial de osteoindução. O material hidróxido de cálcio (Ca(OH)2) demonstra propriedades antibacterianas e capacidade de induzir a formação de tecido ósseo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o processo de reparo ósseo proporcionado pelo BTCP e Ca(OH)2 , isolados e associados. Realizou-se experimento em tíbias posteriores de dezoito coelhos. Dois animais receberam marcadores ósseos para fluorescência (alizarina, calceína e tetraciclina), e para cada tíbia foi utilizado um tipo de material de preenchimento (BTCP, Ca(OH)2, BTCP com Ca(OH)2 e sangue como controle); sendo eutanasiados após 56 dias para a análise de fluorescência e histomorfometria. Os 16 coelhos restantes foram aleatoriamente selecionados para receber os quatro materiais de preenchimento. Estes foram eutanasiados nos tempos de 14, 28, 42 e 56 dias para a análise morfológica microscópica com coloração em hematoxilina e eosina. Observou-se formação óssea em todos os grupos, e os que utilizaram BTCP apresentaram atraso para o início da reparação.

ABSTRACT

Insufficient bone volume requires restorative procedures such as use of grafts and bone substitutes for cosmetic and functional rehabilitation. The development of biomaterials made available bioceramic based on calcium phosphate that is showing to be promising alternatives for the restoration of bony structures, however it do not has osteoinductive potential. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) shows antibacterial properties and induce bone tissue formation as well. The objective of this research was to evaluate the bone healing process promoted by BTCP and Ca(OH)2 isolated or conjugated. The experiment was conducted in posterior rabbit tibiae of 18 animais. Two animais received bone markers (alizarin, calcein, tetracycline) and each of their tibias received a type offiller material (BTCP, Ca(OH)2, BTCP plus Ca(OH)2 and blood as control group), being euthanized after 56 days for the histomorphometry and fluorescence analysis. The remaining 16 rabbits were randomly selected to receive one of the 4 filling materiais. These rabbits were euthanized on 14,28,42 and 56 days for the micromorphological analysis in hematoxylin and eosin slides. The bone formation was observed in ali groups, and who used BTCP had delay to the start of repair. The site filled with blood occurred only repair of the damaged structure, consisting of the reconstitution of the bone cortical and medullary tissue in 28 days. After 56 days, the BTCP group with Ca(OH)2 showed higher trabecular formation inside the tibia. In histomorfometric evaluation, the marker calcein had higher bone deposition values in relation to alizarin and tetracycline. It was concluded that the biomaterials BTCP and Ca(OH)2 are directly involved in the formation of bone tissue; the conjugation of Ca(OH)2 with BTCP increased bone formation potential; and there was greater bone deposition in the period between the fifth and sixth week of repairs indicated by calcein marker.