Should Broca’s area include Brodmann area 47? / ¿Debería el área de Broca incluir el área 47 de Brodmann?

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Understanding brain organization of speech production has been a principal goal of neuroscience. Historically, brain speech production has been associated with so-called Broca's area (Brodmann area -BA- 44 and 45), however, modern neuroimaging developments suggest speech production is associated with networks rather than with areas. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the connectivity of BA47 (pars orbitalis) in relation to language. METHOD: A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the language network in which BA47 is involved. The Brainmap database was used. Twenty papers corresponding to 29 experimental conditions with a total of 373 subjects were included. RESULTS: Our results suggest that BA47 participates in a «frontal language production system» (or extended Broca's system). The BA47 connectivity found is also concordant with a minor role in language semantics. CONCLUSIONS: BA47 plays a central role in the language production system

RESUMEN

ANTECEDENTES la comprensión de la organización cerebral del lenguaje expresivo representa un reto importante para las neurociencias. Históricamente, la producción del lenguaje se ha asociado con la llamada área de Broca (área de Brodmann AB- 44 y 45); sin embargo, las técnicas contemporáneas de neuroimagen sugieren que la producción del habla se asocia con redes más que con áreas específicas. OBJETIVOS: el propósito de este estudio fue analizar la conectividadBACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine if a white noise burst could be used as an effective unconditioned stimulus (US) to produce differential conditioning of eyeblink responses that were recorded as EMG activity of the orbicularis oculi. METHOD: Two fear-relevant stimuli served as conditioned stimuli (CS). An angry woman's face (CS+) was consistently followed by a white noise burst (US) with 100 dB intensity and 100 milliseconds in duration. A fearful face of the same woman (CS-) was not followed by the US. CS duration was 500 milliseconds (ms) for 18 participants (long interval group), and 250 ms for 19 participants (short interval group). The US was presented in both groups immediately after terminating CS+. RESULTS: The results showed acquisition of differential conditioning in the long interval group, but not in the short interval group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a white noise burst as US could be used in one single experimental procedure which was capable of simultaneously producing conditioning in neural, autonomic and somatomotor response systems del AB47 (pars orbitalis) con relación al lenguaje. MÉTODO: se llevó a cabo un meta-análisis para evaluar la red del lenguaje en la cual participa el AB47. Se utilizó la base de datos Brainmap. Se incluyeron 20 artículos correspondientes a 29 condiciones experimentales con un total de 373 sujetos. RESULTADOS: nuestros resultados sugieren que el AB47 participa en un «sistema frontal de producción del lenguaje» (o sistema de Broca extendido). La conectividad de AB 47 hallada también es congruente con un papel menor en la semántica del lenguaje. CONCLUSIONES: se concluyó que el AB47 juega un papel central en el sistema de producción del lenguaje