Factores de riesgo de diabetes en una población adolescente de Cangas de Morrazo (Galicia) (RIVACANGAS) / Diabetes risk factors in adolescent population from Cangas de Morrazo (Galicia) (RIVACANGAS)

RESUMEN

Objetivos: Identificar factores de riesgo de desarrollar diabetes (DM) en una muestra de escolares. Material y método: Estudio epidemiológico, transversal, multicéntrico en alumnos de la ESO (12-17 años) de 4 centros escolares de Cangas do Morrazo (Pontevedra). Variables edad, sexo, antecedentes personales y familiares de DM, peso, estatura, perímetro de cintura (PC), índice cintura/talla (ICT), índice de masa corporal (IMC), presión arterial. Cuestionario de riesgo de DM para niños y adolescentes (Findrisc-A) (modificado), características de la dieta (Kidmed) y de la actividad física (PAQ-A). Resultados: 630 escolares, 628 sin diabetes 294 niñas (46,8%) y 334 niños (53,2%), media de edad 13,8±1,4 años. El 7,1% hipercolesterolemia; 1,7% ECV, 0,8% HTA y 0,3% DM. El 5,6% antecedentes familiares de 1er grado de DM. Antecedentes de 2º grado de DM el 18,6%. Sobrepeso el 23,3%. El 7,5% con obesidad central (PC >P90). El 21,0 % ICT >0,5. El 63,9% PAS >P90 y 23,7% PAD >P90. La puntuación media del Kidmed fue de 5,0±2,2. 21,7% con adherencia baja (<3 puntos) y 11,8% con adherencia alta (>8 puntos). Puntuación media PAQ-A de 2,6±0,7, mayor en niños (2,8±0,7 vs 2,5±0,7; p<0,001), con actividad física baja 1,6% y con actividad física alta el 19,4%. Puntuación media Findrisc-A 6,0±3,4. Relación directa entre Findrisc-A y PAS, PAD, PC, IMC e ICT. Inversa con Kidmed y PAQ-A. Conclusiones: El riesgo medio de diabetes resultó bajo, aunque más del 10% presentaba riesgo alto o muy alto. Uno de cada cuatro tiene exceso de peso y uno de cada diez, obesidad (AU)

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To identify risk factors of developing diabetes (DM) in a sample of students. Materials and methods: It was carried out an epidemiological, cross-sectional and multicenter study with students from 12 to 17 years of four schools from Cangas do Morrazo (Pontevedra). Variables age, sex, personal and family history of DM, weight, height, waist circumference (WC), waist/height index (WHI), body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, cholesterol levels, presence of central obesity (PC>P 90). It was applied the Risk of DM questionnaire for children and adolescents (Findrisc-A) (modified). The characteristics of the diet were evaluated with the Kidmed Index (low adherence if result < 3 points and high if > 8 points) and the physical activity too (PAQ-A). Results: 628 students were included in the study 294 girls (46.8%) with an average age of 13,8±1,4 years. The proportion of risk factors was 7.1% hypercholesterolemia; 1.7% CVD, hypertension 0.8%. 5.6% had 1 rst degree family history of DM. 2 nd degree family history of DM, 18.6%. 23.3% were overweight. 7.5% had central obesity. 21.0% WHI>0.5. 63.9% SBP>P90 and 23.7% DBO>P90. The average of the Kidmed score was 5.0±2.2. 21.7% with low adherence and 11.8% with high adherence. PAQ-A average score was 2.6±0.7, higher in boys (2.8±0.7 vs 2.5±0.7; p<0.001), with low physical activity 1.6% and 19.4% with high physical activity. Findrisc average score 6.0±3.4. There was found a direct relationship between Findrisc-A and SBP, DBP, WC, BMI and WHI. On the other hand, an inverse correlation between Findrisc results and the Kidmed and PAQ-A values was shown. Conclusions: The average diabetes risk was low, but more than 10% had high or very high risk. One of every four students was overweight and one of every ten had obesity (AU)