Factores de riesgo de muerte hospitalaria en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 / Risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 outbreak

RESUMEN

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: A pesar de los avances en el tratamiento del infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM), este sigue presentando un pronóstico desfavorable. Hay poca evidencia acerca de la evolución de los pacientes con IAM y la enfermedad coronavírica de 2019 (COVID-19). El objetivo del estudio es describir la presentación clínica, las complicaciones y los factores predictores de mortalidad hospitalaria en pacientes con IAM durante el brote de COVID-19 en España. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio de cohortes, prospectivo y multicéntrico de todos los pacientes consecutivos con IAM en tratamiento invasivo durante el brote de COVID19 (15 de marzo a 15 de abril de 2020). Se compararon las características clínicas de los pacientes positivos para COVID-19 con las de los negativos, y se evaluó el efecto de la COVID-19 en la mortalidad mediante emparejamiento por puntuación de propensión y regresión logística. RESULTADOS: Se incluyó a 187 pacientes con IAM 111 con elevación del segmento ST y 76 sin elevación. De ellos, 32 (17%) resultaron positivos para COVID-19. Las puntuaciones GRACE y Killip-Kimball y varios marcadores inflamatorios resultaron significativamente mayores en los pacientes con COVID-19. La mortalidad total y cardiovascular fueron significativamente mayores en los pacientes con COVID-19 (el 25 frente al 3,8%; p < 0,001; y el 15,2 frente al 1,8%; p = 0,001). La puntuación GRACE > 140 (OR = 23,45; IC95%, 2,52-62,51; p = 0,005) y la COVID-19 (OR = 6,61; IC95%, 1,82-24,43; p = 0,02) resultaron factores independientes de mortalidad hospitalaria. CONCLUSIONES: Durante el brote epidémico, la puntuación GRACE elevada y la COVID19 fueron los factores independientes de mortalidad hospitalaria en los pacientes con IAM

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Despite advances in treatment, patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) still exhibit unfavorable short- and long-term prognoses. In addition, there is scant evidence about the clinical outcomes of patients with AMI and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The objective of this study was to describe the clinical presentation, complications, and risk factors for mortality in patients admitted for AMI during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This prospective, multicenter, cohort study included all consecutive patients with AMI who underwent coronary angiography in a 30-day period corresponding chronologically with the COVID-19 outbreak (March 15 to April 15, 2020). Clinical presentations and outcomes were compared between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. The effect of COVID-19 on mortality was assessed by propensity score matching and with a multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS: In total, 187 patients were admitted for AMI, 111 with ST-segment elevation AMI and 76 with non-ST-segment elevation AMI. Of these, 32 (17%) were diagnosed with COVID-19. GRACE score, Killip-Kimball classification, and several inflammatory markers were significantly higher in COVID-19-positive patients. Total and cardiovascular mortality were also significantly higher in COVID-19-positive patients (25% vs 3.8% [P < .001] and 15.2% vs 1.8% [P = .001], respectively). GRACE score > 140 (OR, 23.45; 95%CI, 2.52-62.51; P = .005) and COVID-19 (OR, 6.61; 95%CI, 1.82-24.43; P = .02) were independent predictors of in-hospital death. CONCLUSIONS: During this pandemic, a high GRACE score and COVID-19 were independent risk factors associated with higher in-hospital mortality