Ronquido primario y síntomas asociados a apneas obstructivas de la infancia: prevalencia, pesquisa y actitud familiar / Primary snoring and obstructive apnea of childhood associated symptoms: prevalence, screening and familiar attitude

RESUMEN

El ronquido primario se caracteriza por ausencia de apneas. El síndrome de apnea/hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) es la obstrucciónde la vía respiratoria superior que altera laventilación y el sueño. El ronquido nocturno permanentees el factor de riesgo más importante.Objetivo. Conocer la prevalencia del ronquido primarioy de las manifestaciones clínicas asociadas alSAHOS. Determinar si se indaga sobre ambos y simotivan la consulta.Población, material y métodos. Estudio transversal;población, niños de 2-11 años que concurrierona centros de salud de Córdoba. Los médicos residentesencuestaron a los cuidadores para detectar lapresencia de ronquido. Clasificamos al roncador enpermanentemente, frecuentemente y raramenteroncador.Resultados. En 1.541 encuestas, se detectaron 146roncadores (prevalencia 9,47 por ciento). Se compararon losdatos entre el grupo de permanentemente roncadorescon el resto (subgrupo de frecuentemente roncadoresmás raramente roncadores). Cincuenta y cinconiños (37,67 por ciento) fueron permanentemente roncadores,51 por ciento presentó pausas respiratorias, 13 por ciento fuesacudido durante una pausa. El ronquido no motivóla consulta en 74,6 por ciento y 78,8 por ciento de los pediatras nolo habían indagado.Conclusión. Encontramos una prevalencia de ronquidoen nuestra población similar a la publicada.Los padres del 51 or ciento de los roncadores observaronpausas respiratorias. La presencia de síntomas diurnosy nocturnos relacionados se asoció con frecuenciaestadísticamente mayor al grupo de permanentementeroncadores. La importancia otorgada a estesíndrome por médicos y familias es escasa. Creemosque siendo un cuadro frecuente, de diagnósticoy resolución simple, debería indagarse en la consultamédica

ABSTRACT

Introduction. Primary snoring is characterized by absence of apneas. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by upper respiratory tract obstruction that alters ventilation and sleep. Permanent night snoring is the most important risk factor. Objective. To know the primary snoring prevalence and OSAS associated symptoms in children of Cordoba. To determine if physicians ask parents about this syndrome and if parents are encouraged to ask about it. Population, material and methods. Study design was cross-sectional, population was formed by children that assist to health centers of Cordoba, age ranged from 2 to 11 years. A survey was used to detect snoring presence and associated symptoms. Physicians administer the survey to parents and tutors. Snorer was classified in permanent, usual, and rare snorer. Results. 1541 survey, snoring prevalence of 9.47%. We compare the permanent snoring group (PS) against the others (US+RS). 55 children (37,67%) were permanent snorers. 51% present respiratory pauses. 13% was strongly moved during a pause. In 74,6% cases, snoring did not motivated physician visit and in 78,8% physician had not asked about snoring in the patient screening. Conclusion. We found similar prevalence of snorers than bibliography. 51% of snorer‘s parents observed respiratory pauses during sleep. Daily and nigthy symptoms presence related to snoring was associated with a meaningfully frequency to the permanent snorers group. It is remarkable the poor importance attributed to this syndrome by physicians and family. It is believed that because of this syndrome frequency, simple diagnosis and solution, physicians should ask about it in patient screening.