[Association between demographic characteristics and psychosocial factors of job stress in a sample of health care workers employed in two Italian hospitals]. / Correlazioni tra variabili demografiche e fattori psicosociali di stress occupazionale in un campione di operatori sanitari di due aziende ospedaliere.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Job stress has negative effects on both health care work ers' (HCW) health and on work organization. OBJECTIVES: To assess whether the presence of stressful conditions, individually considered, or combined in the iso-strain model, is significantly associated with specific socio-demographic characteristics, also with the aim of providing organizational tools for management to reduce stress in the working environment according to Italian law 81/2008. METHODS: The extended version of the Job Content Questionnaire was administered to 265 healthy HCW in seven paired wards of two hospitals. The five psychosocial scales Job Demand (JD), Job Control (JC), Social Support (SS), Skill Underutilization (SuS), and Job Insecurity (JI) were calculated. The factors JD, JC, and SS were combined together to separate a group of 33 HCW in iso-strain conditions from another group of 232 HCW not in iso-strain conditions. Several socio-demographic variables were collected. RESULTS: Statistically significant associations were found between socio-demographic characteristics and psychosocial factors, whereas the iso-strain conditions were not related to any socio-demographic parameter. CONCLUSIONS: Data suggest the need for alternative policies to reduce job stress for example, actions addressed to operative units or HCW with specific socio-demographic characteristics could be effective in improving individual psychosocial factors; however, integrated actions aimed at reorganizing the working environment as a whole should be implemented to correct iso-strain conditions.