Research updates and progress on nutritional significance of the amides I and II, alpha-helix and beta-sheet ratios, microbial protein synthesis, and steam pressure toasting condition with globar and synchrotron molecular microspectroscopic techniques with chemometrics.

ABSTRACT

This article aims to review research updates and progress on the nutritional significance of the amides I and II, the alpha-helix and beta-sheet ratios, the microbial protein synthesis, and the steam pressure toasting condition in food and feed with globar and synchrotron molecular microspectroscopic techniques plus chemometrics (both univariate and multivariate techniques). The review focused on (I) impact of the amides I and II, and the alpha-helix and beta-sheet-structure ratios in food and feeds; (II) Current research progress and update in synchrotron technique and application in feed and food molecular structure studies that are associated with nutrition delivery; (III) Impact of thermal processing- steam pressure toasting condition on feed and food; (IV). Impact of the microbial protein synthesis and methodology on feed and food; and (V). Impact on performance and production of ruminants with Faba beans.