Obesity in the Caribbean: comparative gender analysis of dietary and exercise behaviour [abstract]

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The study was initiated to establish guidelines for the application of theory-based health promotion strategies in diet and exercise behaviour. The selected theory is the Trans-theoretical Model of Behaviour Change. The study utilizes three of the core constructs of the trans-theoretical model the stages of change (the central organizing construct); decisional balance; and self-efficacy in examining fruit and vegetable consumption and exercise participation among adults 18 to 65 years old. The qualitative results are highlighted in this report. METHODS: The qualitative phase of the study was conducted in four countries Belize, Jamaica, St.Kitts/Nevis and Trinidad and Tobago. Between 7 and 10 focus group discussions were conducted in each country. The variables for selecion of participants were age range, gender, obesity stage, residential location and socio-economic status. RESULTS: The qualitative phase results indicated that, in the population studied, size was a very important determinant of perceived beauty, social adequacy, functioning and responsiveness. Knowledge relating to lifestyle is high but there is reluctance to effect lifestyle changes in dietary intake and physical activity. Cable television was identified as contributing to these current perceptions. Men were less concerned than women about their weight. Neither fruits nor vegetables were frequently mentioned as forming a part of daily diets of the majority of participants. Physical exercise was generally regarded ad hard work. CONCLUSIONS: The qualitative results of this study show that our approach to obesity prevention requires radical change. (AU)