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Urban air pollution in Latin America and the Caribbean: health perspectives
World Health Stat Q ; 43(3): 153-67, 1990.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-12455
Biblioteca responsável: JM3.1
Localização: JM3.1; RA407.W62
ABSTRACT
In the last few years, air pollution has become a major issue in some countries of Latin America and the Caribbean because of urben development and growing industrialization. In addition to industrial processes often concentrated in the cities, vehicle emission and stationary-source fuel combustion are the primary source of air pollution. Although air-quality standards have been established in some Latin American countries, these are frequently exceeded. Adverse health effects of air pollution have been mainly associated with the following pollutants sulfur dioxide and pariculate matter, photochemical oxidants, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide, and lead. Short-term as well as long-term effects can be expected at levels exceeding WHO guidelines. The Latin American urban areas most affected by anthropogenic pollutant emissions are the area of Sao Paulo (Brazil), the city of Santiago (Chile) and the metropolitan area of Mexico city. However, situations similar to those prevailing in these cities could well occur in other cities of latin America and the Caribbean. The population exposed to air-pollutant levels exceeding WHO guidelines can be estimated to 81 million or 26.5 percent of the total urban population of Latin America and 19 percent of its total population. These estimates correspond to 30 million children (0-14), 47 million adults (15-59) and 4 million elderly people (60+). To date a very limited number of epicemiological studies have been carried out to determine the potential health effects of air pollutants in Latin America. To obtain a rough estimate, a scenario was hypothesized in which subjects living in cities would be exposed to a given level of air pollutant, using data from the international literature to extrapolate the expected number of events in different strata of the hypothetical population. The estimated health effects are considerable and warrant priorty control intervention. This is true although epidemiological studies are needed to evaluate the health impact of specific pollutant compounds as well as their interactions in Latin American populations exposed to high levels of pollution. (AU)
Assuntos
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Coleções: Bases de dados internacionais Contexto em Saúde: ODS3 - Saúde e Bem-Estar / ODS3 - Meta 3.2 Reduzir as mortes de recém nascidos e crianças com menos de 5 anos Problema de saúde: Meta 3.2: Reduzir as mortes de recém nascidos e crianças com menos de 5 anos / Meta 3.9: Reduzir o número de mortes por produtos químicos perigosos e contaminação do ar e água do solo / Saúde Ambiental Base de dados: MedCarib Assunto principal: População Urbana / Nível de Saúde / Poluentes Atmosféricos Tipo de estudo: Estudo prognóstico Aspecto: Determinantes sociais da saúde / Preferência do paciente Limite: Adolescente / Adulto / Idoso / Criança / Humanos / Lactente País/Região como assunto: Caribe Idioma: Inglês Revista: World Health Stat Q Ano de publicação: 1990 Tipo de documento: Artigo
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Coleções: Bases de dados internacionais Contexto em Saúde: ODS3 - Saúde e Bem-Estar / ODS3 - Meta 3.2 Reduzir as mortes de recém nascidos e crianças com menos de 5 anos Problema de saúde: Meta 3.2: Reduzir as mortes de recém nascidos e crianças com menos de 5 anos / Meta 3.9: Reduzir o número de mortes por produtos químicos perigosos e contaminação do ar e água do solo / Saúde Ambiental Base de dados: MedCarib Assunto principal: População Urbana / Nível de Saúde / Poluentes Atmosféricos Tipo de estudo: Estudo prognóstico Aspecto: Determinantes sociais da saúde / Preferência do paciente Limite: Adolescente / Adulto / Idoso / Criança / Humanos / Lactente País/Região como assunto: Caribe Idioma: Inglês Revista: World Health Stat Q Ano de publicação: 1990 Tipo de documento: Artigo
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