Oral health indicators and sociodemographic factors in Brazil from 2008 to 2015

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the annual variation of oral health and primary care coverage, the tooth extraction ratio, and the average of supervised toothbrushing in Brazilian municipalities according to social development and population size. METHODS: Public secondary data were analyzed. The outcomes were health service indicators (oral health coverage, primary health care coverage, tooth extraction ratio, and average of supervised tooth brushing) estimated for all Brazilian municipalities annually from 2008 to 2015. Mixed-effect multilevel regression models with random intercept and slopes were fitted with a cross-interaction term to estimate the annual percent variation according to the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) and population size. RESULTS: Municipalities with low MHDI presented an annual increase in oral health and primary care coverage of 2.65% and 2.23%, respectively, which was significantly higher than municipalities with medium and high MHDI. Oral health and primary care coverage were 69.26% and 35.00% lower among municipalities with a large population. Municipalities with medium and high MHDI showed an annual decrease in tooth extractions of 5.15% and 5.02%, respectively. An annual decrease was observed in the average of supervised toothbrushing of 9.81% and 4.57% in municipalities with low and medium MHDI, respectively. The tooth extraction ratio was higher among larger municipalities; the relation is inverse for supervised toothbrushing. CONCLUSIONS: The access to primary care and oral health services increased in Brazil, while a decrease occurred in mutilating treatment and provision of preventive actions, with disparities among municipalities with different MHDI levels over time.

Avaliação do preenchimento da Caderneta de Saúde da Criança e qualidade do preenchimento segundo o tipo de serviço de saúde usado pela criança / Assessment of the way in which entries are filled out in Child Health Records and the quality of the entries according to the type of health services received by the child

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar o preenchimento da Caderneta de Saúde da Criança (CSC) e a associação entre qualidade do preenchimento e o tipo de serviço usado para o acompanhamento da saúde das crianças. Estudo transversal com amostra estratificada e proporcional aos 9 Distritos Sanitários de Belo Horizonte, selecionada entre crianças de 3 a 5 anos, no Dia da Campanha de Vacinação Infantil 2014. Realizou-se entrevista com os pais e observação de 21 itens da CSC. A variável dependente foi definida pela qualidade (satisfatória/insatisfatória) do preenchimento da CSC, sendo considerado satisfatório o preenchimento > 60%. As variáveis independentes foram o tipo de serviço para acompanhamento da saúde da criança, características demográficas e condições de saúde da mãe e da criança, e atenção em saúde recebida pela criança. Participaram 367 pais. A proporção de preenchimento insatisfatório foi 55,5%. Não houve associação significativa entre qualidade de preenchimento e tipo de serviço de saúde. O preenchimento insatisfatório esteve associado à idade gestacional < 37 semanas, falta de acesso a informações sobre a CSC e ausência de anotações dos pais na CSC. A CSC tem sido insatisfatoriamente empregada como um instrumento de vigilância da saúde independentemente do tipo de serviço usado pela criança.

Abstract The scope of this study was to assess the way Child Health Records (CHRs) are filled out and the association between the quality of entries and type of service used to monitor the health of children. It involved a cross-sectional study with a stratified sample - proportional for the nine Health Districts of Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais - of 3- to 5-year-old children selected on Child Vaccination Campaign Day in 2014. Interviews with parents including observation of the 21 CHR items were conducted. The dependent variable was defined by the quality of the CHR entry (satisfactory/unsatisfactory), where satisfactory entries were > 60%. The independent variables were the type of service for monitoring child health, demographic and health conditions of the mother and child and healthcare treatment received by the child, with the participation of 367 (96.10%) parents. The prevalence of unsatisfactory entries was 55.5%. No significant association was found between quality of entry and type of healthcare. Unsatisfactory entries were associated with gestational age < 37 weeks, lack of access to information about the CHR and the absence of parental entries on the CHR. The CHR has been unsatisfactorily employed as a tool for monitoring health, irrespective of the type of service used by the child.

Preenchimento da Caderneta de Saúde da Criança nos serviços de saúde em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil / Llenado del Libro de Salud del Niño en los servicios de salud en Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil / Filling process of the Child Health Record in health care services of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Objetivo: descrever o preenchimento da Caderneta de Saúde da Criança (CSC) nos serviços de saúde. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo, desenvolvido em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil; realizou-se entrevista com os pais/responsáveis de crianças de 3 a 5 anos de idade e observaram-se 21 itens essenciais ao acompanhamento infantil na CSC, no Dia de Multivacinação de 2014; considerou-se separadamente os campos a serem preenchidos nas maternidades e na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) e outros serviços. Resultados: foram incluídas 367 crianças (96,1%); 44,5% das CSC apresentaram ≥60% dos itens preenchidos; dos itens a serem registrados nas maternidades, o peso ao nascer apresentou maior proporção de preenchimento (64,5%); daqueles a serem registrados na APS e outros serviços, os campos das vacinas foram os mais preenchidos (94,0%); houve maior preenchimento na maternidade do que na APS e outros serviços (p<0,001). Conclusão: observou-se baixa proporção de preenchimento, especialmente na APS e outros serviços.

Objetivo: describir el llenado del Libro de Salud del Niño (LSN) en los servicios de salud. Métodos: estudio descriptivo con niños de 3 a 5 años de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil; se entrevistó a los padres y fueron analizados 21 partes esenciales del acompañamiento infantil en la LSN, en el Día de Multivacunación de 2014; se consideró por separado los campos que debían ser llenados en las maternidades y en la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS)/otros servicios. Resultados: se incluyeron 367 niños (96,1%); 44,5% del LSN presentaron ≥60% de las partes llenadas; en las maternidades, el peso al nacer presentó mayor proporción de llenado (64,5%); ya en las APS/otros el registro de vacunas fue el mayor (94,0%); el llenado fue mayor en maternidades que en las APS y otros servicios (p<0,001). Conclusión: se observó baja proporción de llenado, especialmente en los servicios de APS y otros.

Objective: to describe the filling process of the Child Health Record (CHR) in health care services. Methods: descriptive study held in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; an interview was conducted with parents/guardians of children aged 3-5 years old; 21 essential items to child monitoring were observed in the CHR during the 2014 Multi-vaccination Day; fields that should be filled in maternity wards, Primary Health Care (PHC), and other services were assessed separately. Results: 367 children (96.1%) were included; 44.5% of CHR presented ≥60% of completeness; among the items that should be recorded in maternity wards, birth weight showed the highest proportion of completeness (64.5%); for those that should be filled in PHC/other services, records of vaccines (94.0%) presented the highest completeness; there was more filling in maternity wards than in PHC and other services (p<0.001). Conclusion: a low proportion of filling was observed, especially in PHC and other services.