Normative data of Fuld Object Memory Evaluation test for brazilian elderly population / Dados normativos do teste Fuld Object Memory Evaluation para a população de idosos brasileiros

ABSTRACT Objective This study aims to present normative data for Fuld Object Memory Evaluation test stratified by sex, gender, age, and education for the Brazilian elderly population. Method We evaluated 2.132 healthy elderly both genders, with a mean age of 70.30 years (± 7.28) from two community-based samples in Brazil drawn from different economic areas who were screened with cognitive and functional tests and the memory test. Statistical analyses were performed by independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance and multiple linear regression. Results Statistical analyses showed that memory scores tend to improve significantly with increasing years of education and decrease significantly as age increased. Conclusion We conclude that gender, education and age had effect on the Fuld Object Memory Evaluation performance in this Brazilian community-based sample.

RESUMO Objetivo Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar dados normativos para o teste de Fuld Object Memory Evaluation estratificada por sexo, idade e educação para a população idosa brasileira. Método Foram avaliados 2.132 idosos saudáveis de ambos os sexos com idade média de 70,30 anos (± 7,28) a partir de duas amostras de base comunitária no Brasil provenientes de diferentes áreas economicas que foram selecionados com testes cognitivos e funcionais e o teste de memória. Resultados As análises estatísticas mostraram que os escores de memória tendem a melhorar significativamente com o aumento de anos de educação e diminuir significativamente o aumento da idade. Conclusão Conclui-se que gênero , escolaridade e idade tem efeito sobre o desempenho no teste Fuld Object Memory Evaluation nesta amostra da comunidade brasileira.

Comportamentos de risco quanto ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana entre caminhoneiros / Human immunodeficiency virus risk behavior among truck drivers / Comportamientos de riesgo para infección por Virus de la inmunodeficiencia Humana entre camioneros

Os caminhoneiros formam uma categoria profissional que pode contribuir para a disseminação do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV). O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar comportamentos de risco para a infecção pelo HIV em caminhoneiros que trafegavam na BR-381, no Brasil. Utilizou-se um formulário estruturado para identificar alguns dos comportamentos de risco desses profissionais, em 2009. Foram entrevistados 109 caminhoneiros, sendo 99,1% do sexo masculino; 47,2% relataram ter baixa escolaridade, 67,9% eram casados e 32,1% procuravam parceiras sexuais durante as viagens. Houve diferença significativa com relação à distribuição da frequência do uso do preservativo e o estado civil (p<0,001) e entre o risco ou não de contrair HIV e o fato de escolher ou não parceiras sexuais (p<0,001). Concluiu-se que há necessidade de medidas preventivas de educação para a saúde voltada exclusivamente para esses profissionais, abordando o assunto da transmissão sexual do HIV com ênfase para os riscos à saúde.

Truck drivers as a professional category can contribute to the spread of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). This study aimed to identify risk behaviors for HIV infection among truck drivers traveling highway BR-381. A structured form was used to identify some of these professionals' risk behaviors. In 2009, 109 truck drivers were interviewed: 99.1% were male, 47.2% reported little formal education, 67.9% were married, and 32.1% sought sexual partners on the road. There were significant differences between the frequency distributions of condom use and marital status (p<0.001), and between being aware or not of the risk of contracting HIV and choosing or not choosing sexual partners (p<0.001). It was concluded that there is need for preventive health education measures directed exclusively to this profession, addressing the issue of the sexual transmission of HIV, and emphasizing the health risks.

Los camioneros forman una categoría profesional que puede contribuir para la diseminación del Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana (HIV). El objetivo del estudio fue identificar el comportamiento de riesgo para infección por HIV en camioneros que transitan en la BR-381, en Brasil. Se utilizó un formulario estructurado para identificar algunos de los comportamientos de riesgo de esos profesionales, en 2009. Fueron entrevistados 109 camioneros, siendo 99,1% hombres; 47,2% reportaron tener bajo nivel de educación, 67,9% eran casados y 32,1% buscaban parejas sexuales durante el viaje. Hubo diferencia significativa con relación a la distribución de la frecuencia del uso de preservativo y el estado civil (p<0,001), y entre el riesgo o no de contraer HIV, y el hecho de escoger o no parejas sexuales (p<0,001). Se concluye que hay necesidad de medidas preventivas de educación para la salud, orientadas exclusivamente para esos profesionales, abordando el asunto de la transmisión sexual del HIV principalmente para los riesgos a la salud.

Sexual dysfunction and dissatisfaction in chronic hepatitis C patients

Introduction The prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) and dissatisfaction with sexual life (DSL) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection (CHC) was jointly investigated via a thorough psychopathological analysis, which included dimensions such as fatigue, impulsiveness, psychiatric comorbidity, health-related quality of life (HRQL) and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Methods Male and female CHC patients from an outpatient referral center were assessed using the Brief Fatigue Inventory, the Barrat Impulsiveness Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF). Structured psychiatric interviews were performed according to the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. SD was assessed based on specific items in the BDI (item 21) and the HAM-A (item 12). DSL was assessed based on a specific question in the WHOQOL-BREF (item 21). Multivariate analysis was performed according to an ordinal linear regression model in which SD and DSL were considered as outcome variables. Results SD was reported by 60 (57.1%) of the patients according to the results of the BDI and by 54 (51.4%) of the patients according to the results of the HAM-A. SD was associated with older age, female gender, viral genotype 2 or 3, interferon-α use, impulsiveness, depressive symptoms, antidepressant and benzodiazepine use, and lower HRQL. DSL was reported by 34 (32.4%) of the patients and was associated with depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, antidepressant use, and lower HRQL. Conclusions The prevalence of SD and DSL in CHC patients was high and was associated with factors, such as depressive symptoms and antidepressant use. Screening and managing these conditions represent significant steps toward improving medical assistance and the HRQL of CHC patients. .

Health related quality of life among patients with chronic hepatitis C: a cross-sectional study of sociodemographic, psychopathological and psychiatric determinants

INTRODUCTION: Chronic hepatitis C virus infection patients have higher rates of psychiatric disorders than the general population. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection is known to be associated with impaired health related quality of life. To our knowledge, there is no previous research of health related quality of life in chronic hepatitis C patients that combined structured psychiatric interview and careful psychopathological evaluation, including depression, anxiety and fatigue instruments. The aim of this study was to evaluate health related quality of life of chronic hepatitis C patients and to investigate the association with sociodemographic, psychopathological and psychiatric factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-one individuals with chronic hepatitis C virus infection receiving care at a Brazilian public university-based outpatient service for infectious diseases were enrolled in the study. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Brief Version was used to assess health related quality of life. Standard psychiatric interview (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus) was conducted to establish Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Axis I psychiatric diagnosis. Further instruments completed psychopathological investigation: Beck Depression Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Brief Fatigue Inventory, Hamilton Depression Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Pearson Chi-Square and Kruskal-Wallis were performed for categorical and continuous univariate analysis, respectively. Correlation between psychopathological and health related quality of life scores was performed according to Spearman's correlation. Multivariate analysis was performed according to stepwise forward ordinal logistic regression. The significance threshold was fixed at α = 0.05. RESULTS: Depressive disorders were associated with worse scores in overall health related quality of life and in all domains. Fatigue was associated with lower scores in physical and psychological domains, and married status with higher scores in psychological health related quality of life. We found strong correlation among scores of depression, fatigue and health related quality of life. CONCLUSION: Depression and fatigue must be properly investigated and managed in HCV patients in order to improve HRQL. WHOQOL-BREF proved to be a useful instrument to assess HRQL in HCV patients.

Hyaluronic acid in the evaluation of liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C on haemodialysis

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the role of HA as a marker of liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C on haemodialysis. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study in which 52 patients were divided into two groups: Group 1: patients with hepatitis C and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing haemodialysis (n = 23); and Group 2: patients with hepatitis C without ESRD (n = 29). Plasma levels of HA were associated with histological data of the samples obtained by liver biopsy and classified by METAVIR group scoring system. RESULTS: Higher plasma levels were significantly correlated to significant liver fibrosis (METAVIR > F2). In Group 1, the HA cutoff to discriminate significant fibrosis was 984.8 ng/mL, with accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 80.8 percent, 83.0 percent, and 70.0 percent, respectively. In Group 2, the HA cutoff was 222.3 ng/mL, with accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 74.5 percent, 70.0 percent, and 94.0 percent, respectively. CONCLUSION: HA was an accurate noninvasive marker in predicting significant fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C on haemodialysis.

Atualização sobre alterações cognitivas em idosos com síndrome depressiva / Cognitive changes update among elderly with depressive syndrome

OBJETIVO: Depressão e déficits cognitivos estão entre os principais problemas de saúde mental na terceira idade. É muito comum que ambas as condições apareçam juntas e acarretem conseqüências graves, como piora da qualidade de vida, declínio funcional, aumento no uso de serviços de saúde, aumento da morbidade e da mortalidade. Conhecer quais são as principais alterações cognitivas causadas pelo quadro depressivo tem grande importância para confirmar o diagnóstico, planejar o tratamento e estabelecer parâmetros sobre o prognóstico destes pacientes. O presente artigo tem como objetivo promover uma revisão sobre estudos publicados nos últimos anos sobre alterações cognitivas em idosos com diagnóstico de depressão. MÉTODO: Para tanto, foram selecionados, através do Medline, os estudos mais relevantes do período de 1991 à 2005. DISCUSSÃO: Os resultados destes estudos apontam para déficits cognitivos que vão além de dificuldades de memória, os quais são relevantes tanto para o diagnóstico diferencial entre depressão e demência, entre depressão e envelhecimento normal, e para acompanhar mais de perto pacientes que apresentam risco aumentado de conversão para demência no futuro.

OBJECTIVE: Depression and cognitive deficits are amongst the main mental health problems in the elderly. Frequently both conditions happen together and cause serious consequences like reduction in the quality of life, functional deficits, increase in the use of health services, and increase in morbidity and mortality. Recognizing the main cognitive alterations caused by depression syndrome is very important to confirm the diagnosis, plan the treatment, and establish parameters about the prognostic of these patients. The goal of this article is to review the studies published over the last years about cognitive alterations in the elderly diagnosed with depression. METHOD: In order to do so, relevant studies over the period of 1991 through 2005 were selected using Medline. DISCUSSION: These studies' results point out to cognitive deficits that go beyond memory deficits, and which are relevant both to the differential diagnosis between depression and dementia, as well as depression and normal aging, and to monitor more closely those patients who have increased risk of converting to dementia in the future.

Reabilitaçäo cognitiva em pacientes com doença de Alzheimer: Relato de trabalho em equipe multidisciplinar / Cognitive rehabilitation in Alzheimer's disease patients: multidisciplinary team report

OBJETIVO: Apresentar resultados preliminares do 'tratamento combinado' (inibidor da acetilcolinesterase + treinamento cognitivo), em um grupo de pacientes com doença de Alzheimer (DA) leve, acompanhados por 7 meses. MÉTODO: Seis pacientes com diagnóstico de DA leve, de acordo com critérios diagnósticos da CID-10 e NINCDS-ADRDA, foram submetidos a ensaio clínico aberto com Rivastigmina, 6-12 mg/dia, por 2 meses, seguido por grupo de reabilitaçäo cognitiva semanal, por 5 meses. Os familiares/cuidadores foram atendidos em grupo semanal de suporte e aconselhamento, por 5 meses. RESULTADOS: Ao final do acompanhamento, houve: estabilizaçäo ou discreta melhora dos déficits cognitivos e das atividades de vida diária dos pacientes; estabilizaçäo ou reduçäo dos níveis de depressäo e ansiedade nos pacientes e familiares. CONCLUSÄO: O 'tratamento combinado' pode auxiliar na estabilizaçäo ou resultar em leve melhora dos déficits cognitivos e funcionais de pacientes com DA leve. As intervençöes de suporte e aconselhamento podem reduzir o nível de sintomas psiquiátricos de seus familiares. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: demência, doença de Alzheimer, inibidor da acetilcolinesterase, reabilitaçäo cognitiva, atividades de vida diária, cuidadores