Valores expresados en estudiantes de enfermería: Temuco - Chile, 2009 / Values expressed in students of nursing: Temuco - Chile, 2009

Introducción: Los valores y las competencias en las(os) enfermeras(os) son facilitadores de la socialización profesional y elementales en la toma de decisiones. Objetivos: Relacionar los valores personales expresados en alumnos de cuarto semestre de la Carrera de Enfermería de la Universidad de La Frontera (UFRO) el 2009 con sus aspectos sociodemográficos y curriculares y con el perfil educacional-laboral de sus padres. Metodología: Estudio transversal-correlacional, muestra intencionada de 70 alumnos de cuarto semestre de Enfermería. Recopilación de información a través del instrumento Perfil de Valores Personales (Portrait Values Questionnaire). Resultados: En Escala de Valores Centrales, la puntuación promedio total fue de 4,8, considerada importante, según escala Likert, con un rango de 3,6 a 6,7. En Escala de Valores Secundarios, la puntuación promedio total fue de 5, considerada importante, con un rango de 3,6 a 6,7. Relación significativa entre Valores Centrales y nivel de avance curricular (p= 0,026) y entre etnia mapuche con Valores Secundarios (p <0,0001). Conclusiones: Los valores centrales fueron considerados importantes por los alumnos estudiados, donde el valor dar sentido a la vida presenta la mayor puntuación promedio. Además, se observó diferencia significativa entre estos valores y el haber repetido cursos previamente. Asimismo, en valores secundarios existió diferencia significativa entre la etnia mapuche y estos valores. El desarrollo de la persona se ve acrecentado por sus valores personales y profesionales, así la disciplina debe estar estructurada de tal manera que desde la perspectiva filosófica, del lenguaje y de valores se puedan generar estrategias activas y reflexivas que permitan orientar y situar al futuro profesional en armonía con su contexto social.

Introduction: The values and skills of nurses (I) are facilitators of professional socialization and basic for decision-making. Objectives: To relate personal values expressed in nursing students in their 4th semester, Universidad de La Frontera (UFRO). Temuco - Chile, 2009. Methodology: Cross-sectional, correlational study. Purposive sample of 70 students of fourth semester of nursing. Data collection, through the Personal Values Profle instrument (Portrait Values Questionnaire). Results: On a scale of core values, the total average score was 4.8, considered important, according to Likert scale, ranging from 3.6 to 6.7. Scale of secondary values, whose total average score was 5, considered important, with a range of 3.6 to 6.7. Significant Core Values relationship between level of advancement and curriculum (p = 0.026) and between Mapuche with secondary values (p <0.0001). Conclusions: The Core Values were considered important by the students studied, where the value “giving meaning to life” has the highest average score. In addition, significant difference between these values and have repeated courses previously, was observed. Also, as for secondary values, significant difference between the Mapuche and these values, was found. The personal development is enhanced by their personal and professional values and discipline must be structured so that from the philosophical perspective, language and values, can create strategies that enable active and reflective guide and put forward professional in harmony with its social context.

Perfil socio-familiar en adultos mayores institucionalizados: Temuco, Padre Las Casas y Nueva Imperial / Socio-family profile in institutionalized older adults: Temuco, Padre Las Casas and Nueva Imperial

Introducción: El proceso de envejecimiento genera cambios importantes en el estilo de vida de la población con repercusiones significativas en el volumen y distribución de la carga social de enfermedad. La Organización de Naciones Unidas (ONU) plantea que es un fenómeno secuencial, acumulativo e irreversible, que deteriora el organismo progresivamente hasta hacerlo incapaz de enfrentar circunstancias y condiciones del entorno. Objetivo general: Conocer el perfil socio-familiar de adultos mayores institucionalizados en comunas de Temuco, Padre Las Casas y Nueva Imperial, año 2009. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal correlacional, en muestra de 80 adultos mayores institucionales. La recolección de la información se realizó con el Cuestionario Calidad de Vida para Ancianos, elaborado por Inga y Vara, adaptado a los objetivos del estudio. Se realizó análisis descriptivo (distribución de frecuencias, medias, promedios-desviación estándar) e inferencial (chi cuadrado, Pearson). Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 78,1 años, 15,0 por ciento eran mapuches, 55,0 por ciento eran masculinos, 11,2 por ciento "no sabe leer ni escribir" , 40,5 por ciento no tiene contacto con sus hijos, en maltrato ha recibido golpes o empujones (15,1 por ciento más de diez veces).18,7 por ciento piensa casi a diario que está insatisfecho con su vida actual, 59,4 por ciento no recibe atención de salud por la institución. Conclusiones: se constató una situación de aislamiento, soledad personal y déficit de cuidados entregado por las instituciones, reto para Enfermería, donde debería tener participación de privilegio en la toma de decisiones en políticas de cuidado para la población en estudio.

The aging process produces important lifestyle changes in the population with a significant impact on the volume and distribution of the social burden of disease. The United Nations (UNO) suggests that it is a sequential, cumulative and irreversible phenomenon beginning at age 60 where the human being experiences physical, emotional and social changes which progressively damage the body until it is incapable of dealing with environmental circumstances and conditions. Objective: To learn about the socio-family profiles of institutionalized older adults in Temuco, Padre Las Casas, and New Imperial during the year 2009. Specific objectives: To identify individual characteristics - family, social status, social relationships, satisfaction with life, general health status, negative memories, level of family and social dependency, institutional attention and type of relationship with the consumption of alcoholic beverages in institutions in the towns of Temuco, Padre Las Casas and New Imperial. Methodology: A cross-sectional correlation study was carried out with a sample of 80 institutionalized older adults. Data collection was carried out with the Quality of Life Questionnaire validated for older adults, as elaborated by Inga and Vara and adapted to the study objectives. Descriptive analyses were carried out (with frequency distribution, means, averages, standard deviation, as well as inferential statistics (with Pearson's chi-squared Test). Results: The average age was 78.1 years old, 15.0 percent were Mapuche, 55.0 percent were male, 11.2 percent were unable to read or write, 32.5 percent were single. 18.7 percent received no pension; 40.5 percent had no contact with their children and were abused having been hit or pushed (15.1 percent more than ten times). 52.5 percent never engaged in physical activity or played or worked with friends (gardening, errands, strolls, games of chance, etc.). In relationship to life satisfaction (18.7 percent thought almost...

¿Es la comunicación quisto-biliar, un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de morbilidad postoperatoria en pacientes con hidatidosis hepática? / Intrabiliary rupture of hydatid cysts as a risk factor for postoperative complications

Background: Intrabiliary rupture is a complication of hepatic hydatid cysts. Aim: To determine if intrabiliary rupture is a risk factor for postoperative complications of hydatid cysts. Material and Methods: Prospective follow up of patients operated for hepatic hydatid cysts between 1996 and 2006. Patients were evaluated every six months during the first years and every 12 months thereafter. The presence of intrabiliary rupture was evaluated as a risk factor to develop complications during the follow up. Results: Ninety six patients with and 156 patients without intrabiliary rupture, 56 percent females, aged 42 years, were followed for a mean of 86.5 months. The overall incidence of complications was 17 percent. The incidence in patients with and without intrabiliary rupture was 9,4 and 21,8 percent respectively (p = 0.01). The bivariate analysis showed differences between patients with and without complications in leukocyte count, serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatases, transaminases, cyst diameter, hospital stay and cyst complications. The relative risk for complications of intrabiliary rupture was 3,4 (95 percent confidence intervals 2,6-4,2). Conclusions: The presence of intrabiliary rupture of a hepatic hydatid cyst is an independent risk factor for the development of complications in the postoperative period.

Introducción: Una de las complicaciones evolutivas de la hidatidosis hepática (HH) es la comunicación quisto-biliar (CQB). El objetivo de este estudio es determinar si la CQB es un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de morbilidad postoperatoria en pacientes con HH. Material y Método: Estudio de cohorte prospectiva. Pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente por HH entre 1996 y 2006 en el Hospital Regional de Temuco, Chile, con seguimiento mínimo de 12 meses y controles clínicos en los meses 1,6, 12, 24, 36, 48 y 60. La variable resultado fue "desarrollo de morbilidad postoperatoria", considerada de forma dicotómica. La variable de exposición fue presencia de CQB; analizada en forma dicotómica (CQB presente o ausente); y según el número de CQB (sin CQB, con una CQB y con dos o más CQB). El tamaño de la muestra fue estimado en base a intervalo de confianza de 95 por ciento, un poder de 80 por ciento, relación pacientes con CQB: sin CQB de 1:1; proporción de morbilidad postoperatoria en pacientes con CQB de 30 por ciento, y de 14 por ciento en pacientes sin CQB. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, análisis bivariados y multivariados, con modelos de regresión logística ordinal; de este modo se calcularon riesgos relativos (RR) y sus respectivos intervalos de confianza del 95 por ciento (IC). Resultados: Las cohortes están compuestas por 96 pacientes sin CQB (38,1 por ciento) y 156 pacientes con CQB (61,9 por ciento). Se caracterizan por una mediana de edad de 42 años; 56,4 por ciento de género femenino, una mediana de diámetro quístico y de seguimiento de 15 cm y 86,5 meses respectivamente. Se verificó un 17,1 por ciento de morbilidad. La morbilidad del grupo sin CQB fue de 9,4 por ciento y del grupo con CQB de 21,8 por ciento (p = 0,011). Del análisis bivariado destacan diferencias entre grupos en las variables recuento de leucocitos, bilirrubina, fosfatasa alcalina, transaminasas, diámetro del quiste, estancia hospitalaria y existencia de complicación del quiste (p < 0,01). Se verificó un RR de 3,4 (IC de 2,64, 4,18) para la comparación de subgrupos sin CQB o con dos o más CQB (p < 0,001). Conclusión: La presencia de dos o más CQB constituye un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de morbilidad postoperatoria en pacientes con HH.

Violencia y factores sociales en mujeres de la ciudad de Temuco / Social and familial determinants of anxiety and depressive symptoms in middle to low income women

Background: Among women, risk factors for mental disorders are violence, economical inequities and disadvantages and discrimination. Aim: To determine the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in women and to determine factors associated with them. Material and methods: A cross sectional study of a probabilistic sample of 422 women aged 34 years as a mean, living in a medium to low income neighborhood in Temuco, Chile. Mental health was assessed with the self reporting questionnaire (SRQ20), partner violence was evaluated using a 12 item scale and family conflict and violence was evaluated using the Conflicts Tactics scale. A logistic repression analysis was used to identify factors associated with mental health alterations. Results: Forty one percent of women had anxiety or depressive symptoms. The main associated factors with these symptoms were severe physical violence against children (odds ratio (OR) =14.3), sexual violence against women (OR =9.7), self perception of health (OR =4.5), alcohol abuse (OR =4.4), psychological violence during childhood (OR =3.2) and lack of family support network (OR =2.7). Unemployment and lack of a support network of relatives had an OR 3.3 for mental health alterations. The OR for psychological violence plus sexual violence was 18.5. The figure for psychological violence plus sexual violence plus a history of parental violence during childhood was 26.5. Conclusions: Forty one percent of this group of women had mental health alterations. There is a strong association between these alterations, family violence and socioeconomic factors.

Nivel de conocimiento de los pacientes con artritis reumatoide acerca de su enfermedad y tratamiento / Knowledge about their disease and treatment among patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Background:The transfer of information in the physician-patient relationship is important, especially in chronic diseases such as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), since it influences the perception and behavior that the patient has about his or her illness. Aim: To evaluate the level of knowledge and concern of their illness and treatment and their relationship with functional disability, perception of the pain and global assessment of disease activity, in patients with RA. Patients and Methods: Cross sectional study of 104 patients (mean age 56 years, 100 women) with RA. Demographic and clinical variables were registered. The knowledge about their illness and requirement of further information and concern about aspects of the illness and treatment, were assessed. Physical functioning was measured using the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). A visual analogue (VAS) and Likert scales were used for a global assessment of disease activity. Results: Sixty percent of patients had only primary school studies. The median evolution of the illness was 14 years. Ninety eight percent knew their diagnosis and 91 percent required further information. There was a high degree of concern about the disease and treatment. The average HAQ score was 0.9. There was a statistically significant relationship between HAQ score and pain VAS (r =0.41, p <0.01). There was a moderate agreement between the global assessment of disease activity made by patients and physicians (Kappa =0.499; p =0.000). Conclusions: Even though patients with RA are informed about their disease, they require further information. Their highest concern is about the functional consequences of RA and they perceive a higher activity of the disease than their treating physicians.

Prevalencia de síntomas biológicos y psicológicos en mujeres perimenopáusicas, según estrato socioeconómico, en la ciudad de Temuco / Prevalence of biological and psychological symptoms in perimenopausal women of different socioeconomic levels Temuco city

Background: Psychological and biological symptoms occur in the perimenopausal period. However the real prevalence of these, is not well known in Chile. Aim: To determine the prevalence of biological and psychological symptoms and self care sexual health practices of perimenopausal women of Temuco, Chile. Patients and methods: A random sample of 171 women aged 45 to 55 years old, affiliated to private preventive health institutions and community organizations, were studied. These women were stratified in three income levels. Chi square, Fisher test and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. Results: Bone and muscle aches were the most frequent referred symptoms in 36 percent of women. Thirty one percent complained of vaginal dryness and 28 percent of headache. No differences in symptom frequency per age or between post or pre menopausal women, were observed. Depressive disorders were found in 39 percent of women, mostly in women not working outside their houses. In the previous two years, 67 percent of women had a PAP smear and 58 percent had a mammography performed. Women of low income levels had a greater prevalence of biological and psychological symptoms and a lower frequency of self care behaviors. Conclusions: The most frequent symptom among the studied women was bone and muscle aches, followed by vaginal dryness. These results differ from other publications that report flushing as the most important symptom among perimenopausal women