Seguimiento de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud después de una cirugía de fractura de cadera: estudio multicéntrico en población mexicana / Health-related quality of life after surgery for hip fracture: a multicentric study in Mexican population

Introducción Las fracturas de cadera son una importante causa de morbilidad, mortalidad y una de las principales causas de discapacidad en poblaciones adultas. El riesgo en el tiempo de vida de tener una fractura por osteoporosis es muy alto, se encuentra en un rango entre 40 y 50 por ciento en mujeres y desde 13 hasta 22 por ciento para los hombres. En México la probabilidad de tener una fractura de cadera a los 50 años de edad fue de 8,5 por ciento en mujeres y 3,8 por ciento en varones, pero irán aumentando en los próximos años. Objetivo El objetivo del estudio es reportar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud durante los primeros seis meses después de una fractura de cadera, en dos hospitales públicos y dos hospitales privados de tercer nivel de atención en Ciudad de México. Método Se evalúan los cambios en el tiempo por medio de la observación visual del desarrollo de trayectorias de cada paciente. Esta información se representa en forma gráfica usando el puntaje global del EQ-5D. Las trayectorias fueron agrupadas por afinidad en cinco niveles de progreso de acuerdo a su evolución clínica. Las opciones descriptivas identificadas se analizaron usando un modelo de regresión logística multinomial. Resultados Después de una cirugía se siguieron a 136 pacientes con fractura de cadera, cuyo promedio de edad fue de 77 +/- 10 años. Durante el primer mes la movilidad, actividades de la vida diaria y cuidado de sí mismo fueron los aspectos más afectados. El grupo de edad entre 80 hasta 84 años reportó problemas extremos, presentando ansiedad y depresión en el 21 por ciento de los casos. Las personas de 50 a 74 años describieron tener dolor y malestar (27 por ciento). A los seis meses de seguimiento sólo los mayores de 85 años mostraron un deterioro de su condición. Una alta proporción de ellos se clasifican en el nivel 3 en movilidad, cuidado personal y ansiedad/depresión

Introduction Hip fractures are an important cause of morbidity and mortality and one of the main causes of disability in the older population. The lifetime risk for any type of osteoporotic fracture is very high and falls within the range of 40–50 percent in women and 13–22 percent for men. In Mexico, the lifetime likelihood of having a hip fracture at 50 years of age is 8.5 percent in Mexican women and 3.8 percent in Mexican men, but this is expected to rise in upcoming years. Aim This study aims to report the Health-Related Quality of Life over the first six months after a hip fracture in two public and two private tertiary care hospitals in Mexico City. Method Changes over time were evaluated through visual observation of each patient's development trajectory using the graphic representation of the EQ-5D global score. The trajectories were grouped by affinity into five levels of progress according to clinical course. The identified descriptive options were analyzed using the multinomial logistic regression model (LR). Results One-hundred-and-thirty-six (136) patients with a hip fracture were followed after surgery. Their mean age was 77 +/- 10 years. During the first month, mobility, daily activities, and self-care were the most affected. The group aged between 80 and 84 years reported extreme problems regarding anxiety and depression (21 percent), and those aged between 50 and 74 years described having issues concerning pain and discomfort (27 percent). At the 6-month follow-up, only those aged > 85 years of age showed worsening of their condition, a high proportion of these ranking at level 3 in mobility, self-care, and anxiety/depression. Toward the end of the follow-up period, this last group reported having extreme problems (being unable to carry out everyday activities) and worsening of their mobility (9.2 percent (inability to walk about) (LR test, p = 0.06

Osteoporosis en América Latina: revisión de panel de expertos / Osteoporosis in Latin America: panel expert review

Contexto: Latinoamérica se encuentra en una transición demográfica y epidemiológica, proceso que representa un aumento de las enfermedades crónico-degenerativas. La osteoporosis y las fracturas por fragilidad se perfilan como una de las causas de carga por enfermedad de mayor impacto en el sector salud. Objetivo: ofrecer un panorama actualizado sobre las tendencias de la epidemiología de la osteoporosis y las fracturas por fragilidad, su impacto económico y los recursos con que actualmente cuenta nuestra región para el diagnóstico, tratamiento oportuno y prevención. Método: panel de expertos. Conclusión: se observó que la información epidemiológica y económica en nuestra región es escasa y fragmentada. Por lo tanto es deseable recolectar datos sobre la calidad de vida en la osteoporosis y fracturas por fragilidad, además de enfatizar la prevención como herramienta para disminuir estas lesiones.

Background. The Latin American region is undergoing a demographic and epidemiological transition, which is leading to an increase in chronic and degenerative diseases. Osteoporosis (OP) and fragility fractures (FF) are emerging as main causes of disease burden with great impact on health institutions. Purpose. This review article provides an updated overview of trends in the epidemiology and economic impact of OP and FF, as well as in diagnosis and available treatments in Latin America, including calcium, vitamin D and prevention programs. Methods. Expert panel. Conclusions. According to this review, there is a lack of epidemiological and economic information in the region. It is desirable to obtain information regarding quality of life in OP and FF as well as to highlight prevention as a tool to reduce FF.

Conducta del enfermo ante el dolor crónico / Illness behavior in chronic pain

OBJETIVO: Describir la "conducta de enfermedad" en pacientes con dolor crónico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Durante el año 2000 se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 53 pacientes en una institución del tercer nivel de atención. Allí se exploró su interpretación y respuesta inicial al dolor crónico y prácticas subsecuentes hasta sentirse satisfechos con el diagnóstico recibido. RESULTADOS: La conducta de enfermedad estuvo determinada por la intensidad, discapacidad y creencias de las causas del dolor, recomendaciones de las redes de apoyo, la calidad y satisfacción con los sistemas de atención. En términos de la toma de decisión, la primera opción fue acudir al sector popular, y consultar al médico general, para finalmente acudir a un tercer nivel de atención ("con el especialista"). CONCLUSIONES: La conducta de enfermedad es un proceso en el que se utilizan los diferentes sectores de la atención por parte de los mismos sujetos y que es determinado por el resultado de la atención brindada.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the illness behaviour in patients with chronic pain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted semi-structured interviews to 53 patients during 2000, in a tertiary care center. We explored their initial interpretations, responses and subsequent practices to chronic pain, until they received a diagnosis that satisfied them. RESULTS: Illness behaviour was determined by pain intensity and disability; beliefs regarding pain causes, trust in social networks, and quality and satisfaction with the health care systems. In terms of the decision to seek care, the first option was to go to the popular sector, followed by consulting a general physician, and as last resort, to go to a tertiary care center ("with a specialist"). CONCLUSIONS: Illness behaviour should be conceptualized as a process, which combines the use of different health care sectors by the same subjects, as a result of care provided sequentially by each previous sector.

Risk factor for osteoporotic hip fractures in mexicans

Background. Osteoporosis (OP) and its fractures are a major problem due to their impact in morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Although this entity is well studied in other countries, OP and its fractures have not been evaluted carefully in our population. The objetive was to assess risk factors for osteoporotic hip fracture in Mexican. Mehtods. A total of 295 subjects, 152 cases and 143 controls, were studied. Cases were patients with hip fracture, of both sexes and 45 years of age or older. Control were healthy subjects who were in hospital waiting rooms accompanying patients without hip fractures. A questionaire covering known possible risk factors for osteoporotic hip fracture was administered by the same evaluator to all subjects. Pelvic roentgenograms, anterior-posterior view, were obtained in both cases and controls to perform the Singh index and the cortical index of the femur. Results. Fractures were present in (72.2 percent) of women. Weight and any alcohol ingestion were associated with an inceased risk of hip fracture. The odds ratio (OR) for low weight by the Quetelet Index was 4.03 (95 percent CI 1.93 - 8.39) p<0.001. Any alcohol intake was associated with and OR of 1.73 (95 percent CI 1.04 - 2.90) p =0.03 for the total group, and 2.78 (95 percent CI 1.25 - 6.14) p=0.003 for women. Controls had a significantly higher mean daily calcium intake compared to cases (mean, SD 575.9 ñ 297.2 vs. 490.4 ñ 245.5 , p=(0.007). Family history, smoking, physical activity, pregnancies, breastfeeding or concomitant disease were not associated with risk of hip fractures. Conclusions. This study confirmed the risk factors for osteoporotic hip fracture in mexicans, previously shown for other ethnic groups. Further research in different factors, such as rate of bone turnover, anthropometric dimensions, and genetic studies (osteoporosis gene) are needed in order to define the differences among ethnic groups