RESUMO
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE One of the primary objectives of Brazil's conditional cash transfer program, Bolsa Família, is to break the intergenerational transmission of poverty by improving human capital via conditionalities. In this study, we hypothesized that health indicators of Bolsa Família participants would be comparable to those of other local children who were nonparticipants after two years of follow-up in the city of Acrelândia, Acre state, Western Brazilian Amazon. METHODS Data from a population-based longitudinal study were analyzed to examine school enrollment, vaccination coverage, height and body mass index for age z-scores, and biomarkers of micronutrient deficiencies (iron and vitamin A) between Bolsa Família participants (n = 325) and nonparticipants (n = 738). RESULTS Out of 1063 children 10 years and younger included in the 2007 baseline survey, 805 had anthropometric measurements and 402 had biochemical indicators in the 2009 follow-up survey. Prevalence rate ratio (PRR) for non-enrollment in school at 4 years of age was 0.58 (95%CI: 0.34-1.02) when comparing Bolsa Família participants with nonparticipants. No difference was found for vaccination coverage, which was insufficient for most vaccine-preventable diseases. Bolsa Família participants were less likely to show a positive change in body mass index for age z-scores compared with nonparticipants (PRR = 0.81, 95%CI: 0.70-0.95), while a positive change in height for age z-scores was similar in the groups. No differences in micronutrient deficiencies were found between groups after 2 years. CONCLUSIONS Early school enrollment and consistent nutritional indicators between Bolsa Família participants and nonparticipants suggest Bolsa Família was facilitating similarities between groups over time.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Financiamento Governamental/métodos , Programas Governamentais , Assistência Pública , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Brasil , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Antropometria , Inquéritos e Questionários , Comportamento Alimentar , Financiamento Governamental/estatística & dados numéricos , Programas Nacionais de SaúdeRESUMO
This study aimed to assess the nutritional status of vitamin A and associated factors in children assisted in Primary Care Health in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 228 children 12 to 16 months of age. The nutritional status of vitamin A was assessed by serum retinol concentration, determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Multiple linear regression models with hierarchical selection of independent variables were used to evaluate the correlation with serum retinol as the dependent variable. The vitamin A deficiency (retinol < 0,7 μmol/L) was observed in 14,0% of the children. Maternal schooling and hemoglobin concentration were positively correlated with serum retinol concentration, while C-reactive protein showed a negative correlation (R2 = 0,1648). The vitamin A deficiency in one-year-old children attended in Basic Health Units in Goiânia configures itself as a moderate public health problem. Actions to promote maternal education, morbidity control and prevention of other micronutrient deficiencies are important for prevention and control of the vitamin A deficiency in this population.
Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o estado nutricional de vitamina A e fatores associados em crianças atendidas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Goiânia, Goiás. Trata-se de estudo transversal com amostra composta por 228 crianças de 12 a 16 meses de idade. O estado nutricional de vitamina A foi avaliado pela concentração sérica de retinol, determinada por cromatografia líquida de alta resolução. Modelos de regressão linear múltiplos com seleção hierárquica de variáveis independentes foram utilizados para avaliar a correlação com a concentração sérica de retinol como variável dependente. A deficiência de vitamina A (retinol < 0,7 μmol/L) foi observada em 14,0% das crianças. A escolaridade materna e a concentração de hemoglobina apresentaram correlação positiva com a concentração sérica de retinol, enquanto a proteína C-reativa apresentou correlação negativa (R2 = 0,1648). A deficiência de vitamina A em crianças de um ano atendidas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Goiânia configura-se como um problema de saúde pública moderado. Medidas de incentivo à maior escolaridade materna, controle de morbidades e prevenção de carências de outros micronutrientes são importantes para prevenção e controle da deficiência de vitamina A nessa população.