Risk factors for surgical site infection following cesarean section in a Brazilian Women's Hospital: a case-control study

The present study evaluated patients with diagnosis of surgical site infection (SSI) following cesarean section and their controls to determinate risk factors and impact of antibiotic prophylaxis on this condition. Methods: All cesareans performed from January 2009 to December 2012 were evaluated for SSI, based on criteria established by CDC/NHSN. Control patients were determined after inclusion of case patients. Medical records of case and control patients were reviewed and compared regarding sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Results: Our study demonstrated an association following univariate analysis between post-cesarean SSI and number of internal vaginal examinations, time of membrane rupture, emergency cesarean and improper use of antibiotic prophylaxis. This same situation did not repeat itself in multivariate analysis with adjustment for risk factors, especially with regard to antibiotic prophylaxis, considering the emergency cesarean factor only. Conclusion: The authors of the present study not only question surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis use based on data presented here and in literature, but suggest that the prophylaxis is perhaps indicated primarily in selected groups of patients undergoing cesarean section. Further research with greater number of patients and evaluated risk factors are fundamental for better understanding of the causes and evolution of surgical site infection after cesarean delivery. .

Diagnósticos de enfermagem identificados em pacientes hospitalizados durante sessões de hemodiálise / Nursing diagnoses identified in hospitalized patients during hemodialysis

OBJETIVO: Estabelecer os diagnósticos de enfermagem (DEs) de acordo com a NANDA International em pacientes hospitalizados com insuficiência renal crônica (IRC), submetidos a hemodiálise, a partir de fatores de risco e sinais e sintomas descritos em evoluções de enfermagem. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte retrospectivo, com amostra de 98 pacientes adultos hospitalizados com IRC e em sessões de hemodiálise. Os dados foram coletados retrospectivamente em prontuários e analisados estatísticamente. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados três DEs reais e quatro de risco: Volume de líquidos excessivo; Náusea; Dor aguda; Risco de infecção; Risco de glicemia instável; Risco de desequilíbrio eletrolítico e Risco de desequilíbrio do volume de líquidos. CONCLUSÃO: Estes DEs permitiram conhecer melhor os pacientes durante a sessão hemodialítica e assim, poderão subsidiar o cuidado de enfermagem.

OBJECTIVE: To establish NANDA International nursing diagnoses (NDs) in hospitalized patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), undergoing hemodialysis, using risk factors and signs and symptoms described in nursing developments. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study, with a sample of 98 hospitalized adult patients with CRF who were having hemodialysis. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records, and analyzed statistically. RESULTS: We identified three actual and four risk NDs: excess fluid volume, nausea, acute pain, risk for infection, risk for unstable blood glucose, risk for electrolyte imbalance, and risk for imbalanced fluid volume. CONCLUSION: These NDs enabled improved knowledge of the patients during the hemodialysis session, and therefore may be useful for nursing care.

OBJETIVO: Establecer los diagnósticos de enfermería (DEs) de acuerdo con la NANDA International en pacientes hospitalizados con insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC), sometidos a hemodiálisis, a partir de factores de riesgo y señales y síntomas descritos en evoluciones de enfermería. MÉTODOS: se trata de un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, realizado con una muestra de 98 pacientes adultos hospitalizados con IRC y en sesiones de hemodiálisis. Los datos fueron recolectados retrospectivamente en historias clínicas y analizados estadísticamente. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron tres DEs reales y cuatro de riesgo: Volumen excesivo de líquidos; Náuseas; Dolor agudo; Riesgo de infección; Riesgo de glicemia inestable; Riesgo de desequilibrio electrolítico y Riesgo de desequilibrio del volumen de líquidos. CONCLUSIÓN: Estos DEs permitieron conocer mejor a los pacientes durante la sesión hemodialítica pudiendo subsidiar el cuidado de enfermería.