Sense of coherence and impact of oral health on quality of life in adults and elderly in Southern Brazil / Senso de coerência e impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida em adultos e idosos do sul do Brasil

Abstract This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between the Sense of Coherence and impact of oral health on the quality of life. Was conducted with a sample of 720 individuals of both sexes, between the ages of 50 and 74 years, selected through multistage proportional random sampling. The data collection instruments used were: short version of the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13), Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP) questionnaire, oral clinical examination and questionnaire containing socio demographic and use of dental services information. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed through Poisson regression adjusted for robust variance, with level of significance p < 0.05. Oral impacts were reported by 416 participants (57.8%). In the adjusted model, those with strong SOC were more likely of not having any impact when compared with individuals with weak SOC (PR=1.30). Need for dental prosthesis was also associated with the outcome, individuals who did not require prosthesis had less impact (PR=1.50). The findings showed that SOC is associated with OIDP, supporting the hypothesis that individuals with strong SOC present a lower impact of oral health on the quality of life, suggesting that SOC is a determinant that can provide protection against that impact.

Resumo Este estudo transversal objetivou investigar a associação entre Senso de Coerência (SOC) e o impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida. Foi realizado com uma amostra de 720 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 50 e 74 anos, selecionados por amostragem aleatória proporcional em múltiplos estágios. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram: versão curta da Sense of Coherence Scale, questionário Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP), exame clínico bucal e questionário sociodemográfico e de uso de serviços odontológicos. As análises bivariadas e multivariadas foram realizadas por regressão de Poisson ajustada para variância robusta, com nível de significância p < 0,05. O impacto da saúde bucal foi relatado por 416 participantes (57,8%). No modelo ajustado, aqueles com SOC forte foram mais propensos a não ter nenhum impacto, comparados aos indivíduos com SOC fraco (PR=1,30). A necessidade de prótese dentária também foi associada ao desfecho e os indivíduos que não necessitavam prótese tiveram menor impacto (PR=1,50). Os resultados mostraram que o SOC está associado ao OIDP, apoiando a hipótese de que os indivíduos com SOC forte apresentam menor impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida, sugerindo que o SOC é um determinante que pode proporcionar proteção contra esse impacto.

Vulnerabilidade a infecções sexualmente transmissíveis em idosos usuários de um centro de testagem e aconselhamento / Vulnerability to sexually transmissible infections in elderly users of a trial and counseling center

O processo de envelhecimento populacional e o aumento do número de casos de Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST) em idosos evidenciam a necessidade de ações voltadas para a terceira idade. Trata-se um estudo analítico observacional transversal, exploratório, com o objetivo de investigar situações de vulnerabilidade relacionadas à IST em idosos usuários de um Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento para DTS/Aids de um município de médio porte do estado da Bahia, Brasil, no período de 2006 a 2012. Foram utilizados dados secundários de 233 usuários, com 60 anos ou mais, coletados dos Formulários de Entrada do Sistema de Informação do Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento, prontuários clínicos e folha de descrição do atendimento. Houve predomínio de usuários do sexo masculino (60,94%), faixa etária de 60 a 70 anos (75,97%), cor parda (26,61%), casados (61,80%), aposentados (57,08%) e com escolaridade de 4 a 7 anos de estudo (35,19%). A maioria relatou a relação sexual como tipo de exposição (76,39%), preferência heterossexual (92,27%) e parceria fixa (72,96%). A frequência de uso do preservativo foi baixa com o parceiro não fixo (32,73%) e com o parceiro fixo (5,58%). A prevalência de IST foi 25,32%, com maior percentual entre os homens. A IST mais prevalente foi a hepatite C (10,73%), seguida da hepatite B (8,58%), sífilis (7,73%) e HIV (3,43). A faixa etária menor que 70 anos mostrou associação estatisticamente significativa com a presença de IST. Os resultados evidenciaram práticas sexuais inseguras e elevada vulnerabilidade dos idosos às IST, havendo necessidade de ações preventivas direcionadas a esse grupo populacional, considerando suas necessidades e especificidades.

The population aging process and the increase in the number of cases of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) in the elderly shows the need of actions aimed at that population. This is an exploratory, observational, cross-sectional study to investigate vulnerability situations related to Sexually Transmitted Infections in elderly users of an STD/AIDS Counseling Center of a medium-sized city in the state of Bahia, Brazil, from 2006 to 2012. The study used secondary data from 233 users aged 60 or older, collected from the Counseling Center Information System Admission Forms, clinical records and service description sheet. There was a predominance of male users (60.94%), 60 to 70 years old (75.97%), brown (26.61%), married (61.80%), retired (57,8%) and with 4 to 7 years of schooling (35,19%). Most reported sexual intercourse as the exposure type (76.39%), heterosexual preference (92.27%) and stable partnership (72.96%). The frequency of condom use was low with non-stable partners (32.73%) and with stable partners (5.58%). The prevalence of STI was 25.32%, with greater percentage among men. The most prevalent STI was hepatitis C (10.73%), followed by hepatitis B (8.58%), syphilis (7.73%) and HIV (3.43). The age group younger than 70 years showed a statistically significant association with the presence of STI. The results evidenced unsafe sexual practices and high vulnerability of the elderly to STIs, requiring preventive actions aimed at that population group, considering their needs and specificities.

Relationship between Sense of Coherence and oral health in adults and elderly Brazilians

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Sense of Coherence (SOC) and oral health clinical variables (number of teeth present and absence of need for dental prostheses). The sample consisted of 720 adults and elderly Brazilians. The data were collected at home using the SOC-13 scale - a form of clinical examination for the evaluation of oral conditions - and a questionnaire evaluating socioeconomic aspects and the use of dental services. Statistical analysis, both univariate and multivariate, was performed by Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment. The average age of the participants was 60.2 years, and they were predominantly female (57.8%). Among the participants who had a strong SOC, the absence of the need for dental prostheses was 34% higher than among those with a weak SOC, demonstrating a significant difference between the groups (PR = 1.34, 95%CI = 1.06-1.70; p = 0.015). Individuals who had a strong SOC had a 5% higher prevalence of 14 or more existing teeth than those with a weak SOC, which was statistically significant after adjustment for co-factors (PR = 1.05, 95%CI = 1.01-1.11, p = 0.033). A strong personal Sense of Coherence has a beneficial influence on the oral health of adults and older people in Brazil.

Dental pain, use of dental services and oral health-related quality of life in southern Brazil

Abstract This study aimed at assessing the relationship between dental pain and the reason for using dental services and oral health quality of life in people aged 50 to 74 years in southern Brazil. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with 720 individuals aged 50 to 74 years, living in three health districts in the city of Porto Alegre. Dental impacts on daily life and sociodemographic data were assessed using structured interviews. The Oral Impacts on Daily Performance - OIDP instrument was used to measure oral impacts. The information was analyzed by Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment, taking into account cluster sampling. Dental pain was present in 32.5% of those reporting an oral impact on their daily activities. Dental pain most frequently affected talking (37.6%), cleaning teeth and gums (37.0%) and enjoying the companionship of people (36.5%). After adjustments to the multivariate analysis, the reason for dental visits due to dental pain was found to have a high impact on daily activities [RP 1.68 (1.11 - 2.54].