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Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 92(3): e771, jul.-set. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1126765

RESUMO

Introducción: La leishmaniosis visceral es la más grave de las formas clínicas de la leishmaniosis, afecta principalmente a los niños y es potencialmente fatal. Objetivo: Exponer la caracterización clínico-epidemiológica de la leishmaniosis visceral en población pediátrica y su respuesta terapéutica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, longitudinal y descriptivo en el Hospital Italiano, Ciudad de Djibouti en el período septiembre 2016-agosto 2017. El universo lo conformaron 166 menores de 15 años que ingresaron con diagnóstico de fiebre prolongada sin foco de localización, la muestra fue de 22 niños con diagnóstico confirmado de leishmaniosis visceral. La información se obtuvo de las historias clínicas. Se operacionalizaron 20 variables: sociodemográficas, clínicas, analíticas, terapéuticas y evolutivas. Se utilizó el procesador Epidat 3.1. Los resultados se expresaron en valores absolutos y porcentajes. Resultados: Se diagnosticó leishmaniosis visceral en 13,2 por ciento de niños hospitalizados por fiebre prolongada, 90,9 por ciento de procedencia rural y 59,1 por ciento desnutridos. El 77,3 por ciento de los casos recibió antimoniales, 90,9 por ciento tuvo estadía hospitalaria mayor de 21 días y el 36,4 por ciento se complicó con neumonía. Conclusiones: La leishmaniosis visceral es una entidad relativamente frecuente en niños admitidos por fiebre prolongada en el Hospital Italiano, predominan los varones desnutridos, mayores de cinco años de edad, procedentes de zonas rurales. La fiebre y la esplenomegalia son manifestaciones clínicas constantes, la anemia y la leucopenia los principales hallazgos de laboratorio. La aplicación de antimoniales es el tratamiento electivo, con larga estadía hospitalaria y la neumonía es la complicación más frecuente(AU)


Introduction: Visceral leishmaniasis is the most severe clinical form of leishmaniasis that mainly affects children and is potentially fatal. Objective: To explain the clinical-epidemiological characterization of visceral leishmaniasis in the pediatric population and its therapeutic response. Methods: It was conducted a retrospective, longitudinal and descriptive study in the Italian Hospital, Djibouti City in the period from September 2016 to August 2017. The sample group was formed by 166 children under 15 years old that were admitted with a diagnosis of prolonged fever without localization focus and the sample was of 22 children with confirmed diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. The information was obtained from the clinical records. Twenty variables were operationalized: sociodemographic, clinical, analytical, therapeutic and evolutive ones. Epidat 3.1 proccessor was used. The results were expressed in absolute values and percentages. Results: Visceral leishmaniasis was diagnosed in 13.2 percent children that were admitted in hospital due to prolonged fever, 90.9 percent of them were from rural areas and 59.1 percent were undernourished. 77,3 percent of the cases had antimonial treatment, 90.9 percent had hospital stay for more than 21 days and the 36.4 percent had complications due to pneumonia. Conclusions: Visceral leishmaniasis is a relatively frequent entity in children admitted in the Italian Hospital due to prolonged fever with a predominance of undernourished males, older that five years and from rural areas. Fever and splenomegaly are constant clinical manifestations, and anemia and leucopenia are the main laboratory findings. The use of antimonials is the election treatment with long hospital stay, and pneumonia is the most frequent complication(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Leishmaniose Visceral/diagnóstico , Leishmaniose Visceral/epidemiologia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Longitudinais , Antimônio/uso terapêutico
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