Analysis of the prevalence in sugar consumption in child care consultations / Análise da prevalência do consumo de açúcar em consultas de puericultura

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the prevalence of sugar consumption and associated factors in childcare consultations. Methods: cross-sectional study with 599 children > six months to < 24 months of age, assisted by the Family Health Units. Outcomes: daily consumption of sweetened beverages, sweets/candies, recorded in the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System; independent variables: sociodemographic data. Multiple logistic regression test was applied. Results: 62.10% of the children consume sugary drinks and 42.23%, sweets/candies. Consuming sugary drinks was associated with the age of 12-17 months and 29 days (OR=2.525; CI95%=1.68-3.78) and 18-17 months and 29 days (OR=2.90; CI95%=1.90-4.43); children living with more than four people at home (OR=1.59; CI95%=1.11-2.26), aged 12-17 months and 29 days (OR=2.05; CI95%=1.34-3.13) and 18-23 months and 29 days (OR=2.51; CI95%=1.62-3.87) were more likely to consume sweets/candies than younger children. Maternal aspects, such as age (OR=0.66; CI95%=0.46-0.93), marital status (OR=1.67; CI95%=1.06-2.6), schooling (OR=2.14; CI95%=1.12-4.08), and presence of government assistance (OR=2.03; CI95%=1.41-2.93), were conditions associated with the consumption of sweets. Conclusions: the prevalence of sugar in children's diet was high and was associated with sociodemographic aspects. Health education actions should be carried out in childcare, in order to promote healthy food, minimizing the consumption of sugar.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar a prevalência do consumo de açúcar e fatores associados em consultas de puericultura. Métodos: estudo transversal com 599 crianças >seis a <24 meses de idade, assistidas por Unidades de Saúde da Família. Desfechos: consumo diário de bebidas adoçadas, doces/guloseimas, registrados no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional; variáveis independentes: dados sociodemográficos. Aplicou-se teste de regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: 62,10% das crianças consomem bebidas açucaradas e 42,23% doces/guloseimas. Consumir bebidas açucaradas associou-se à idade de 12-17 meses e 29 dias (OR=2,525; IC95%=1,68-3,78) e 18-17 meses e 29 dias (OR=2,90; IC95%=1,90-4,43); crianças residirem com mais de quatro pessoas na casa (OR=1,59; IC95%:1,11-2,26), terem idade de 12-17 meses e 29 dias (OR=2,05; IC95%=1,34-3,13) e 18-23 meses e 29 dias (OR=2,51; IC95%=1,62-3,87) apresentaram maior chance de consumir doces/guloseimas que crianças mais novas. Aspectos maternos como idade (OR=0,66; IC95%=0,46-0,93), estado civil (OR=1,67; IC95%=1,06-2,6), escolaridade (OR=2,14; IC95%=1,12-4,08), e presença de auxílio do governo (OR=2,03;IC95%=1,41-2,93), foram condições associadas ao consumo de doces/guloseimas. Conclusão: foi alta a prevalência de açúcar na dieta das crianças e esteve associada a aspectos sociodemográficos. Ações de educação em saúde devem ser realizadas na puericultura, a fim de fomentar a alimentação saudável, minimizando o consumo de açúcar.

Ultra-processed foods consumption among children and associated socioeconomic and demographic factors / Consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados por crianças e fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos associados

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the consumption of ultra-processed foods among children, and to investigate associations with socioeconomic and demographic factors. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study with 599 children aged 6 months to 2 years, and listed as users of Family Health Units, in a medium-size city. Mothers were approached at home by researchers and community health workers from the Family Health Units, for data collection. Two questionnaires were used: the socioeconomic and demographic questionnaire, and the form Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional of Ministério da Saúde do Brasil , for children aged 6 months to 2 years. Ultra-processed food consumption and socioeconomic and demographic factors were defined as dependent and independent variables, respectively. Multiple regression analysis with a significance level of 5% was used to test associations between ultra-processed food consumption and socioeconomic and demographic variables. Results Ultra-processed food consumption was associated with child age between 1 and 2 years (OR=3.89; 95%CI: 2.32-6.50 and OR=3.33; 95%CI: 2.00-5.56, respectively), number of people living in the same household (OR=1.94; 95%CI: 1.23-3.05), and recipients of government benefits (OR=1.88; 95%CI: 1.15-3.04). Conclusion Ultra-processed food consumption among children undergoing complementary feeding may be influenced by socioeconomic and demographic factors.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a ingestão de alimentos ultraprocessados em crianças, e verificar se há associação com o contexto socioeconômico e demográfico. Métodos Trata-se de estudo analítico, do tipo transversal, com 599 crianças entre 6 meses e 2 anos de idade, cadastradas em Unidades de Saúde da Família, de um município de médio porte. Para a realização da coleta, as mães das crianças foram abordadas em seus domicílios pelas pesquisadoras e por um Agente Comunitário de Saúde da Unidade Saúde da Família e responderam dois questionários, o socioeconômico e demográfico e o marcador do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil para crianças entre 6 meses e 2 anos. A variável dependente do estudo foi a ingestão de alimentos ultraprocessados pela criança e as independentes foram as socioeconômicas e demográficas. Foi realizada análise de regressão múltipla, no nível de significância de 5%, para testar a associação entre a ingestão de alimentos ultraprocessados com as variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas. Resultados A ingestão de ultraprocessados esteve associada com a idade da criança entre 1 e 2 anos (RC=3,89; IC95%: 2,32-6,50 e RC=3,33; IC95%: 2,00-5,56, respectivamente), com o número de pessoas que residiam na mesma casa (RC=1,94; IC95%: 1,23-3,05) e com as famílias que recebiam auxílio do governo (RC=1,88; IC95%: 1,15-3,04). Conclusão A ingestão de alimentos ultraprocessados por crianças no período da alimentação complementar pode ser influenciada por fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos.

Qualidade de vida, coesão e adaptabilidade em famílias beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família / Quality of life, cohesion and adaptability in beneficiary families of the "Bolsa Família" Program

Resumo Avaliou-se a associação entre qualidade de vida, coesão familiar e fatores sociodemográficos de famílias beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF). Estudo transversal, analítico e de caráter exploratório com amostra representativa de 385 entrevistados. A variável dependente foi a qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-BREF), e as variáveis independentes quantificadas em características sociodemográficas, autopercepção sobre saúde, coesão e adaptabilidade familiar (FACES III). A melhor qualidade de vida associou-se com idade menor ou igual a 36 anos (OR = 2,15), maior nível educacional (OR = 1,54), boa/muito boa saúde (OR = 6,39), não ter problema de saúde atual (OR = 5,68), sem tratamento (OR = 1,76), moderada (OR = 3,39) e alta (OR = 3,66) coesão familiar e moderada adaptabilidade (OR = 2,23). Indivíduos provenientes de famílias com moderada e alta coesão familiar tiveram mais chance de ter uma melhor qualidade de vida do que aqueles vindos de famílias com baixa coesão. Os voluntários do sexo masculino tiveram 3,54 vezes mais chance de apresentar uma melhor qualidade de vida. Concluiu-se que níveis moderados e altos de coesão podem impactar positivamente uma melhor qualidade de vida das pessoas beneficiárias do PBF, indicando que as ações sociais devem buscar o fortalecimento dessa dinâmica.

Abstract We evaluated the association between quality of life, family cohesion and sociodemographic factors of beneficiary families of the BolsaFamília Program (PBF). This was an analytical, cross-sectional study with exploratory methodology. The sample was composed of 385 respondents. The dependent variable was the quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF), and the independent variables were sociodemographic characteristics, self-rated health, family cohesion and adaptability (FACES III). The best quality of life was associated with an age younger than or equal to 36 years (OR = 2.15), higher educational level (OR = 1.54), good/very good health (OR = 6.39), not having current health problem (OR = 5.68), no treatment (OR = 1.76), moderate (OR = 3.39) and high (OR = 3.66) family cohesion and moderate adaptability (OR = 2.23). Individuals from families with moderate and high family cohesion were more likely to have a better quality of life than those from families with low cohesion. The male volunteers were 3.54 times more likely to have a better quality of life. It was concluded that moderate and high levels of cohesion may impact positively to the quality of life of persons receiving the PBF, indicating that social programs should seek to strengthen these dynamics.

Factors associated with preventable infant death: a multiple logistic regression

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To identify and analyze factors associated with preventable child deaths. METHODS This analytical cross-sectional study had preventable child mortality as dependent variable. From a population of 34,284 live births, we have selected a systematic sample of 4,402 children who did not die compared to 272 children who died from preventable causes during the period studied. The independent variables were analyzed in four hierarchical blocks: sociodemographic factors, the characteristics of the mother, prenatal and delivery care, and health conditions of the patient and neonatal care. We performed a descriptive statistical analysis and estimated multiple hierarchical logistic regression models. RESULTS Approximatelly 35.3% of the deaths could have been prevented with the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases during pregnancy and 26.8% of them could have been prevented with better care conditions for pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS The following characteristics of the mother are determinant for the higher mortality of children before the first year of life: living in neighborhoods with an average family income lower than four minimum wages, being aged ≤ 19 years, having one or more alive children, having a child with low APGAR level at the fifth minute of life, and having a child with low birth weight.