Programa del Adulto Mayor y su impacto integral en el municipio Trinidad, periodo 2020-2022 / Elderly Adult Program and its integral impact in Trinidad municipality, period 2020-2022

Fundamento: Con el aumento de la esperanza de vida en Cuba se hace necesario insertar al adulto mayor en la actividad física comunitaria, que es uno de los procesos de funcionamiento del Instituto Nacional de Deportes, Educación Física y Recreación, mediante el Programa del Adulto Mayor para mejorar la calidad de vida de este grupo etario. Objetivo: Determinar los rasgos distintivos que caracterizan el impacto integral del Programa del Adulto Mayor en la calidad de vida de los practicantes del municipio Trinidad en la provincia Sancti Spíritus. Metodología: Se realizó estudio exploratorio que incluyó a 10 directivos y 65 profesores que atienden directamente el Programa del Adulto Mayor en el municipio Trinidad y 64 adultos mayores practicantes sistemáticos; a profesores y directivos se les realizaron entrevistas. Se utilizaron los métodos inductivo-deductivo, análisis de documento, medición y la entrevista. Los métodos estadísticos matemáticos se aplicaron para el procesamiento de los datos, específicamente dentro de la estadística descriptiva se utilizaron tablas de distribución empírica de frecuencias. Resultados: El Programa e Indicaciones metodológicas no ofrecen información relacionada con el impacto integral del mismo, el 100 % de los directivos considera necesario que se investigue en relación con el impacto integral de este Programa, la totalidad de los profesores entrevistados expresaron que solo se evalúa la condición física del adulto mayor. El 80 % de los adultos mayores se sienten satisfechos con su estado de salud y el 98 % consideraron que el Programa mejora su calidad de vida. Conclusiones: Se ofrecen los rasgos distintivos que caracterizan el impacto integral del Programa del Adulto Mayor; las deficiencias detectadas orientan la necesidad de evaluar de forma integral el impacto del mismo en la calidad de vida de los practicantes sistemáticos.

Background: Due to the increase in life expectation in Cuba, it becomes necessary to insert the elderly adults in community physical activity, which is one of National Institute of Sports, Physical Education and Recreation functioning processes, by means of the Elderly Adult Program to improve quality of life in this age group. Objective: To determine the distinguishing features that characterize the integral impact of the Elderly Adult Program on the quality of life of the participants of the Municipality of Trinidad in the Province of Sancti Spiritus. Methodology: An exploratory study was conducted that included 10 managers and 65 teachers who directly attend the Elderly Adult Program in the municipality of Trinidad and 64 systematically practicing elderly adults; interviews were conducted with teachers and managers. Inductive-deductive methods, document analysis, measurement and interview were used. Mathematical-statistical methods were applied to process the data, specifically, within the descriptive statistics, empirical frequency distribution tables were used. Results: The Program and Methodological Indications do not offer information relating to the integral program impact, 100% of the managers consider necessary to investigate the integral impact of the program, most of the teachers interviewed said that only the physical condition of elderly adults is evaluated. The 80% of them are satisfied with their health and 98% believe the program improves their quality of life. Conclusions: The features that characterize the integral impact of the Senior Program are offered; the deficiencies detected suggest the need for a comprehensive evaluation of its impact on the life quality of systematic practitioners.

Prevalencia y características de objetores de conciencia a la Ley 21. 030 en instituciones públicas / Prevalence and characteristics of conscientious objectors to Law 21. 030 in public institutions

INTRODUCCIÓN: La Ley 21.030 permite la objeción de conciencia al personal de salud al interior del pabellón y a las instituciones privadas. Ha sido considerada conflicto de intereses no monetario, al anteponer los valores personales, afectando el cumplimiento del deber profesional. OBJETIVOS: Establecer la prevalencia de funcionarios/as objetores/as en los hospitales de la red pública del país y caracterizarles según edad, género y nacionalidad. MÉTODO: Estudio cuantitativo, analítico y transversal. Se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Para medir la asociación entre variables sociodemográficas, profesión y causal objetada, se utilizaron las pruebas de χ2, exacta de Fisher y de Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTADOS: En 57 hospitales, se observa una mayor frecuencia de objetores en causal 3. En 443 objetores, la mediana de edad fue de 43 años, el 64,8% mujeres y el 87,4% de nacionalidad chilena. En las zonas centro y sur del país se concentra la mayor proporción de hospitales con más del 50% de objetores. CONCLUSIONES: La dificultad para obtener información impide conocer cabalmente la magnitud de la objeción de conciencia. Resulta preocupante la alta prevalencia de objetores, específicamente en la causal violación. La objeción no puede operar como barrera que vulnere los derechos y la dignidad de las mujeres.

INTRODUCTION: Law 21.030 incorporates conscientious objection for health personnel inside the surgical ward and allows its invocation by private institutions. It has been considered a conflict of interest, not monetary, by putting personal values first, affecting the fulfillment of professional duty. OBJECTIVE: To establish the prevalence of objectors in the countrys public network hospitals and characterize them according to age, gender, and nationality. METHOD: Quantitative, analytical, and cross-sectional study. Central and dispersion trend measures were used. For measuring the association between sociodemographic variables, profession and causal objected, test χ2, Fisher exact and Kruskal-Wallis test were used. RESULTS: In 57 hospitals, a higher frequency of objectors were observed in the third causal. In 443 objectors, the median age was 43 years, 64.8% are women, and 87.4% are Chilean. The central and southern areas of the country have the highest proportion of hospitals, with more than 50% objectors. CONCLUSIONS: The difficulty for obtaining the information prevents fully knowing the magnitude of conscientious objection in Chile. The high prevalence of objectors, specifically in the causal violation is worrying. The conscientious objection cannot operate as a barrier that violates the rights and dignity of women.

Impacto de un programa de promoción de la salud nutricional y ambiente alimentario escolar en escuelas primarias públicas / the impact of a nutritional health and school food environment promotion program in public elementary schools

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los programas de prevención de obesidad infantil que incluyen al ambiente escolar y se apoyan en políticas públicas que promueven ambientes saludables, presentan mayores oportunidades de éxito. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto de un Programa de Educación Nutricional (PREN), considerando el ambiente alimentario escolar (AAE) y del hogar. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se identificaron los factores que influyen en las conductas alimentarias y se evaluó el estado nutricional de niños de 13 escuelas primarias púbicas en la ciudad de Hermosillo, en el noroeste de México, antes y después del PREN (2014-2016). RESULTADOS: Uno de cada 4 escolares participantes presentó sobrepeso u obesidad. Más de la mitad de las escuelas no siguieron las regulaciones oficiales en la oferta de alimentos; aun así, la respuesta de los padres de familia permitió la reducción del consumo de energía total en las comidas y colaciones en casa. Después de la implementación y evaluación del PREN, el AAE fue la principal barrera para la promoción de estilos de vida saludables. DISCUSIÓN: Se concluye que para enfrentar el ambiente obesogénico actual, es necesario un mayor compromiso de autoridades a través del fomento de estrategias reguladoras del ambiente escolar que propicien elecciones alimentarias saludables y el aumento de la actividad física en el entorno escolar. (AU)

INTRODUCTION: Keys to preventing childhood obesity include implementing prevention programs in schools and the presence of policies that promote healthy environments. The objective of this study was to assess the to evaluate the impact of a nutrition education program (NEP), while considering the school food environment (SFE) and home. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified factors that influence eating behavior and evaluated the nutritional status of children from 13 public elementary schools in the city of Hermosillo, in northeast Mexico, before and after the NEP. RESULTS:One in every four participating students were overweight or obese. Over half of the schools do not follow official regulations about which food should be offered; even so, the parents' response permitted the reduction of the total energy consumption through the meals and snacks at home. After the implementation and evaluation of the NEP, SFE was found to be the main barrier to the promotion of healthy lifestyles. DISCUSSION: To address the current obesogenic environment, a greater commitment of authorities is needed through the promotion of regulatory strategies in school set-tings that support healthy food choices and increased physical activity. (AU)

Avaliação dos indicadores de qualidade de vida, capacidade funcional e alterações osteomusculares em camareiras de hotéis da orla marítima de Maceió, Alagoas / Evaluation of the indicators of quality of life, functional capacity and musculoskeletal changes in hotel maids of the sea coast of Maceió, Alagoas

Introdução: Os distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho são responsáveis por uma parcela significativa das causas de queda de rendimento do trabalhador. Objetivo: O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar os indicadores de qualidade de vida, capacidade funcional e alterações osteomusculares em camareiras de hotéis da orla marítima do município de Maceió, Alagoas. Métodos: Este estudo descritivo do tipo transversal e quantitativo foi realizado com 36 camareiras, por meio da aplicação de três questionários validados no Brasil. Resultados: Verificou-se que a maioria delas apresentou uma qualidade de vida relativamente boa. Referente às alterações osteomusculares, constataram-se predomínio de lesões em punho, mãos, dedos e na região lombar, além disso, observou-se que quanto maior a idade e o tempo de exercício na profissão menor a capacidade funcional. Conclusão: Sugere-se a implementação de medidas preventivas de doenças relacionadas ao trabalho e promotoras de melhor condição de saúde para as camareiras.

Introduction: The work-related musculoskeletal disorders are responsible for a significant portion of the causes of falling income of the worker. Objective: The aim in this study was to evaluate the indicators of quality of life, functional capacity and musculoskeletal changes in hotel maids of the seacost in the city of Maceió, State Alagoas. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive and quantitative study was conducted with 36 hotel maids of the seacost of Maceió, reaching the objective through the application of three validated questionnaires in Brazil. Results: It was found that most of the hotel maids had a relatively good quality of life, with a predominance of lesions in the wrist, hands, fingers and lower back, moreover, it was observed that the greater age and duration of exercise as hotel maid, minor the functional capacity. Conclusion: It was suggested the implementation of preventive measures of work-related diseases and promote better health condition for the hotel maids.