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1.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 39(1): 16-23, abr. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1115445

RESUMO

ANTECEDENTES: El reemplazo protésico de la válvula tricúspide es un procedimiento infrecuente, con elevada mortalidad y morbilidad operatoria, independientemente de la etiología de la insuficiencia tricuspídea. Persiste aún una discusión respecto al tipo de prótesis a utilizar, mecánica o biológica. OBJETIVO: Analizar nuestros resultados perioperatorios y alejados en el reemplazo valvular tricuspídeo, comparando ambos tipos de prótesis. MÉTODO: Revisión de la Base de Datos de nuestro Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular para el periodo enero 1991 - diciembre 2017. Identificados los pacientes con reemplazo valvular tricuspídeo (RVT); se revisaron los protocolos operatorios y los ecocardiogramas. La supervivencia se certificó a través del Registro Civil e Identificación de Chile. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 83 pacientes con RVT (76% mujeres), los que representaron el 0,7% del total de las cirugías con circulación extracorpórea y el 2,1% de las cirugías valvulares para el periodo en estudio. La edad promedio fue 49±16,5 años. Cuarenta y nueve casos (59%) correspondieron a reoperaciones y otros 49 tuvieron un procedimiento asociado. En 40 pacientes (48%) se utilizó una prótesis mecánica y en 43 (52%) una biológica. La mortalidad operatoria global fue 9,6% (8 pacientes, 4 con una prótesis mecánica y 4 con una biológica). El seguimiento se completó en el 100%, con un promedio de 7,1 años. Veintiocho pacientes fallecieron durante el seguimiento; la principal causa fue insuficiencia cardiaca. Así, la supervivencia a 5 años fue 70,3 ± 5,3% y a 10 años 58 ± 6,3%, sin diferencia significativa entre ambos tipos de prótesis. Siete pacientes se reoperaron durante el seguimiento (5 casos con prótesis biológica y 2 mecánica). CONCLUSIÓN: El RVT continúa siendo un procedimiento infrecuente, con mayor incidencia en mujeres, en la quinta década de la vida. La mayoría de los pacientes presentaba comorbilidad y había tenido cirugía cardiovascular previa. La mitad de estos recibió una prótesis mecánica y la otra, biológica. No hubo diferencias significativas entre ambos tipos de prótesis en cuanto a mortalidad operatoria, supervivencia alejada o reoperación.


BACKGROUND: Tricuspid valve replacement (TVR) is an uncommon surgical procedure, associated with high mortality and morbidity. The use of biological or mechanical prostheses in TVR has advantages and disadvantages and, therefore, there persists a debate regarding the choice of one or other type of prostheses. AIM: To analyze our operative and long-term surgical results, comparing both types of prosthetic valves. METHODS: The Data Base of the Cardiovascular Surgery Service was reviewed for the period between January 1991 and December 2017. 83 patients with TVR were identified, the operative notes and echocardiogram reports were analyzed. Survival was obtained from the Chilean Civil Identification Service. RESULTS: 83 patients (76% women) had TVR. They represented 0.7% of the total cases operated on with extracorporeal circulation and 2.1% of all valve disease cases, for the study period. Mean age was 49±16.5 years. 49 cases (59%) were reoperations and another 49 had an associated procedure. In 40 patients (48%) a mechanical prosthesis was used and in 43 (52%) a biological one was implanted. Operative mortality rate was 9.6% (8 patients, had a mechanical valve and the other 8, a biological one). Follow-up was 100% completed, with an average of 7.1 years. 28 patients died during follow-up; the main cause of death was heart failure. Five-year survival rate was 70.3 ± 5.3% and at 10 years it was 58 ± 6.3%, without significant difference the type of prostheses. Seven patients were re-operated during follow-up (5 cases corresponded to a biological prostheses and 2 to a mechanical one). CONCLUSION: TVR is still an infrequent surgical procedure, more commonly performed in women, on the fifth decade of life. Most patients presented comorbidities and had a previous cardiovascular surgical operation. Half of them received a mechanical prosthesis and half a biological one. There was no significant difference between both types of prostheses related to surgical mortality, long-term survival or reoperation.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Valva Tricúspide/cirurgia , Insuficiência da Valva Tricúspide/cirurgia , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/métodos , Circulação Extracorpórea , Reoperação , Insuficiência da Valva Tricúspide/etiologia , Insuficiência da Valva Tricúspide/mortalidade , Bioprótese , Comorbidade , Análise de Sobrevida , Seguimentos , Resultado do Tratamento , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/estatística & dados numéricos
2.
Med. leg. Costa Rica ; 35(1): 11-22, ene.-mar. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-894334

RESUMO

Resumen El embolismo de líquido amniótico es una complicación seria y potencialmente mortal del embarazo, la cual es considerada imprevenible e impredecible. La mayoría de los casos ocurren durante la labor de parto, sin embargo hasta un tercio ocurren en el postparto inmediato. Su presentación es abrupta y se cree se debe a una respuesta anormal ante el paso de tejido fetal a la circulación materna, a través del sitio de inserción de la placenta. Ante la ausencia de criterios diagnósticos establecidos o pruebas de laboratorio específicas, los signos y síntomas clásicos como hipoxia, hipotensión y coagulopatía, en ausencia de otra explicación, conforman el diagnóstico clínico. Estos deben ser rápidamente identificados y tratados por parte de un equipo multidisciplinario, con el fin de reducir la morbilidad y mortalidad materna.


Abstract Amniotic fluid embolism is a serious and life-threatening complication of pregnancy, it is considered unpreventable and unpredictable, most cases occur during labor, however up to a third occur in immediate postpartum, its presentation is abrupt and is believed to be due to an abnormal response to the passage of fetal tissue to maternal circulation through the insertion site of the placenta. Due to the lack of established diagnostic criteria or specific laboratory tests, classic signs and symptoms such as hypoxia, hypotension and coagulopathy, in the absence of another explanation, make up the clinical diagnosis, these must be quickly identified and treated by a multidisciplinary team, in order to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez , Gravidez , Mortalidade Materna , Embolia , Embolia Amniótica , Parada Cardíaca , Líquido Amniótico , Hipóxia
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 144(8): 1020-1028, ago. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-830607

RESUMO

Background: Stillbirth is the mayor contributor to perinatal mortality. Aim: To report a system for classification of fetal deaths. Material and Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 29,916 births with 258 fetal deaths that occurred in a public hospital. Data were obtained from audit reports of stillbirths. The method for classification “obstetric condition relevant to the death” was applied, based on obstetric and placental pathological findings analyzed exclusively by a single obstetrician and a single pathologist. Results: Ninety two percent of obstetric conditions causing fetal death were identified. The most commonly reported were ascending bacterial infection in 26%, congenital anomalies in 19%, arterial hypertension in 12% and placental pathology in 12%. Fetal growth restriction was identified in 50% of stillbirths. Ninety percent were secondary to a primary obstetric condition and 10% had an unexplained cause. Placental abruption as the final cause of fetal death was identified in 60% of cases with arterial hypertension, 43% of cases with placental pathology and 37% of ascending infections. Fetal deaths occurred during pregnancy in 82% of cases and during labor in 17%. Intrapartum asphyxia occurred in 0.8% of stillbirths and presented in term pregnancies. Conclusions: The “obstetric condition relevant to the death” method for classification of fetal death is effective to identify the originating obstetric cause of stillbirth and reduces the impact of fetal growth restriction and intrapartum asphyxia as the leading causes of death.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Adulto , Mortalidade Fetal , Morte Fetal , Hospitais Públicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Placentárias/classificação , Infecções Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Causas de Morte , Idade Materna , Nascido Vivo , Natimorto/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia
4.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 34(3): 196-201, 2015. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-775488

RESUMO

Reportes internacionales han descrito el mayor uso de recursos de salud por parte de los pacientes adultos con cardiopatía congénita (CC). Objetivo: Describir el uso de recursos de salud por parte de esta población en términos de frecuencia de controles médicos, consultas a servicio de urgencia, hospitalizaciones y procedimientos realizados. También se buscó explorar la frecuencia de control odontológico y la indicación de profilaxis de endocarditis como una medida de calidad de atención. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo de corte transversal, analítico e individual en pacientes controlados en el Instituto Nacional del Tórax, durante el período 2014-2015. Los pacientes respondieron una encuesta en forma autónoma. Se realizó análisis por grupos según sexo y tipo de CC según el consenso de Bethesda (simple, moderada o compleja). El análisis estadístico se realizó a través del programa SPSS. Resultados: Se recolectaron 363 encuestas válidas que correspondieron a 180 hombres (49,6%) y con una edad promedio de 29,2±13,3 años. Según el tipo de CC: simple 78 pacientes (21,5%), moderada 161 (44,4%) y compleja 124 (34,2%). 296 pacientes (84,6%) tuvieron el último control médico hace menos de un año. 151 pacientes (41,6%) han consultado una o más veces al servicio de urgencia. 76 pacientes (20,9%) han sido hospitalizados una o más veces y 54 pacientes (14,9%) se han realizado uno o más procedimientos en el último año. En el análisis por tipo de CC no se encontraron diferencias significativas en ninguno de los parámetros evaluados. En el análisis según sexo, se observó que las mujeres consultan más al servicio de urgencia que los hombres (48,1% vs 35%, p<0,05). En cuanto a salud oral, 122 pacientes (33,6%) no ha realizado un control odontológico hace más de 1 año y de aquellos pacientes que asistieron al dentista, 165 de ellos (45,5%) no recibió profilaxis antibiótica para endocarditis en su última atención. Conclusiones: Los adultos con CC reportan una demanda de recursos de salud expresada en controles médicos, consultas de urgencia, hospitalizaciones y procedimientos, que aparentemente no es sólo por factores relacionados a sus patologías. Es necesario elaborar estrategias de atención en salud para responder a las necesidades de esta creciente población y que permitan un uso razonable de recursos. Es perentorio estimular el control periódico dental y la profilaxis de endocarditis.


A greater use of health resources by adults with congenital heart disease has been reported in international studies. Aim: to describe the use of health resources by adults with CHD in Chile including frequency of medical controls, emergency consultations, hospitalization and medical procedures. Dental consultations and prophylaxis for infective endocarditis were also evaluated Methods: a cross sectional analytic study was per-formed on patients with CHD followed in the Instituto Nacional del Tórax, Santiago, Chile, during 2014 and 2015. Patients were asked to answer a questionnaire and data was analyzed according to gender, and type of CHD (Bethesda classification). Statistics were computed using SPSS. Results: Valid answers were obtained from 363 sub-jects, 180 males (49.6%). Mean age was 20.2 ± 13.3 years. 78 patients (21.5%) had simple, 161 (44.4%) moderate and 124 (34.2%) severe CHD. 296 (84.6%) patients had a medical control within the last year. 151 (41.6%) had attended a medical emergency service > 1 occasion, 76 (20.9% had >= 1 hospitalizations and 54 (14.9%) had been subjected to a medical procedure related to their CHD. Women had more medical controls than males (48,1% vs 35%, p<0,05). 122 (33.6%) had no dental control in the last year and 45% of those attending had no prophylaxis for IE Conclusión: Adults with CHD use health resources including medical visits, hospitalizations and procedures, apparently not all of them related to their CHD. Strategies to optimize use of health resources should be designed. Emphasis on dental controls and prophylaxis for infective endocarditis is needed.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Cardiopatias Congênitas/terapia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/epidemiologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Assistência Odontológica , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Distribuição por Idade e Sexo , Recursos em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitalização
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 141(7): 861-869, jul. 2013. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-695767

RESUMO

Background: There is no consensus regarding which risk factors influence the outcome of mitral valve replacement. Aim: To study the effects ofthe referring health care system and other factors on the results of mitral replacement. Patients and Methods: We included 632 patients operated between 1990 and 2010 receiving the St Jude prosthesis. Patients were divided into three groups, group 1 composed by 180 patients coming from the Public System, group 2 composed by 182 patients coming from the University System and group 3 composed by 270 patients coming from the Private System. Results: Overall operative mortality was 4.3%. There was no difference between groups in mortality. Factors responsible for operative mortality were: emergency operation (Odds Patio (OR): 5.6 P < 0.01) and left ventricular function (according to ejection fraction) grade III to IV (OR: 2.5 p = 0.048). Actuarial survival rates at 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 years were 95%, 87%, 76%, 61% and 41%, respectively. Risk factors for long-term mortality were diabetes (OR: 3.3 p < 0.01), left ventricular function grades III-IV (OR: 2.6 p < 0.01), New York Heart Association functional class III to PV (OR: 2.1 p < 0.005) and male sex (OR: 1.5 p < 0.032). Conclusions: Referring health care system and type of surgery do not constitute a risk factor for mitral replacement. Risk factors were: emergency surgery, ventricular function grades III-IV, diabetes, functional capacity class III-IV and male sex. Integration of public and private health care systems in a university hospital setting achieves excellent outcomes for complex pathology.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/efeitos adversos , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Hospitais Privados/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Públicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Universitários/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/mortalidade , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do Tratamento
6.
Rev. Kairós ; 15(3): 15-25, set.2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-766883

RESUMO

El presente trabajo hace un breve recorrido por algunas de las cuestiones de mayor relevancia para las personas transexuales durante la vejez. En primer lugar, expone el estado de la cuestión actual sobre la transexualidad durante la vejez y las líneas de trabajo que han abordado de manera específica la vejez de las personas transexuales, exponiendo cuáles son sus necesidades específicas y las dificultades encontradas. Finalmente refleja diversas propuestas de futuro destinadas a mejorar el bienestar de las personas transexuales mayores...


This paper makes a brief tour of some most important issues for transsexual people in old age. Firstly, it exposes the current needs and difficulties on transsexualism aging and focuses upon studies of age on transsexuals. Finally, this review propose several proposals to improve wellbeing of older transsexual people...


Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Idoso , Transexualidade
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