Perfil clínico e laboratorial de pacientes com e sem apneia obstrutiva do sono / Clinical and laboratory profile of patients with or without obstructive sleep apnea

OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil de pacientes com e sem apneia obstrutiva do sono. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, descritivo, observacional, realizado em centro terciário de cardiologia, por meio da análise de 255 prontuários de pacientes consecutivos submetidos à polissonografia em um laboratório do sono do hospital. Os pacientes foram divididos de acordo com a presença de apneia obstrutiva do sono clinicamente significativa (índice de apneia e hipopneia ≥15 eventos/hora). Dentre as informações analisadas, estavam: características clínicas; dados antropométricos; antecedentes pessoais; medicamentos em uso; doença aterosclerótica; exames laboratoriais e polissonografia. RESULTADO: A prevalência da apneia obstrutiva do sono foi de 35,6%; deste porcentual, 90,1% apresentaram hipertensão arterial sistêmica; 70,3%, dislipidemias; 36,3%, tabagismo; e 35,2%, diabetes. Não houve diferença estatística com relação à maior parte dos parâmetros analisados, mas os pacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono eram, em sua maioria, do sexo feminino, com idade mais avançada e maior índice de massa corporal, quando comparados aos indivíduos sem apneia obstrutiva do sono. CONCLUSÃO: Foi alta a prevalência de apneia obstrutiva do sono em indivíduos portadores de diversos fatores de risco cardiovasculares. Esta condição deve sempre ser pesquisada em indivíduos de maior risco cardiovascular.(AU)

OBJECTIVE: To describe the profile of patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study that was conducted in a tertiary cardiology center through the analysis of 255 records of consecutive patients who underwent polysomnography in a sleep laboratory of the hospital. Patients were divided according to the presence of clinically significant obstructive sleep apnea (apnea-hypopnea index ≥15 events/ hour). The analyses included: clinical features, anthropometric data, personal background, ongoing medication, atherosclerotic disease, laboratory tests and polysomnography. RESULTS: The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea was 35.6%; of these, 90.1% had hypertension, 70.3% dyslipidemias, 36.3% were smokers, and 35.2% had diabetes. There was no statistical difference in most of the parameters analyzed; however, patients with obstructive sleep apnea were mostly female, older and with higher BMI when compared to individuals without obstructive sleep apnea. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea was high in individuals with various cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, it is a condition that should always be investigated in patients with higher cardiovascular risk.(AU)

Disparities in female breast cancer mortality rates in Brazil between 1980 and 2009

OBJECTIVE: To describe the temporal trends in female breast cancer mortality rates in Brazil in its macro-regions and states between 1980 and 2009. METHODS: This was an ecological time-series study using data on breast cancer deaths registered in the Mortality Data System (SIM/WHO) and census data on the resident population collected by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE/WHO). Joinpoint regression analyses were used to identify the significant changes in trends and to estimate the annual percentage change (APC) in mortality rates. RESULTS: Female breast cancer mortality rates in Brazil tended to stabilize from 1994 onward (APC = 0.4%). Considering the Brazilian macro-regions, the annual mortality rates decreased in the Southeast, stabilized in the South and increased in the Northeast, North, and Midwest. Only the states of Sao Paulo (APC = -1.9%), Rio Grande do Sul (APC = -0.8%) and Rio de Janeiro (APC = -0.6%) presented a significant decline in mortality rates. The greatest increases were found in Maranhao (APC=12%), Paraiba (APC=11.9%), and Piaui (APC=10.9%). CONCLUSION: Although there has been a trend toward stabilization in female breast cancer mortality rates in Brazil, when the mortality rate of each macro-region and state is analyzed individually, considerable inequalities are found, with rate decline or stabilization in states with higher socioeconomic levels and a substantial increase in those with lower socioeconomic levels.