RESUMO
ABSTRACT Lung cancer is one of the most incident types of cancer and a leading cause of cancer mortality in Brazil. We reviewed the current status of lung cancer by searching relevant data on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in the country. This review highlights several issues that need to be addressed, including smoking control, patient lack of awareness, late diagnosis, and disparities in the access to cancer health care facilities in Brazil. We propose strategies to help overcome these limitations and challenge health care providers, as well as the society and governmental representatives, to work together and to take a step forward in fighting lung cancer.
RESUMO O câncer de pulmão é um dos tipos de câncer com maior incidência e uma das principais causas de mortalidade por câncer no Brasil. Revisamos a situação atual do câncer de pulmão por meio de pesquisa de dados relevantes a respeito de prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento no país. Esta revisão mostra várias questões que precisam de atenção, tais como controle do tabagismo, educação dos pacientes, desconhecimento por parte dos pacientes, diagnóstico tardio e desigualdade de acesso ao tratamento de câncer no Brasil. Propomos estratégias para ajudar a superar essas limitações e desafiamos os profissionais de saúde, a sociedade e os representantes do governo a trabalhar em conjunto e dar um passo à frente na luta contra o câncer de pulmão.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Fatores de Tempo , Brasil/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: With the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, DNA sequencing has been increasingly utilized in clinical practice. Our goal was to investigate the impact of genomic evaluation on treatment decisions for heavily pretreated patients with metastatic cancer. METHODS: We analyzed metastatic cancer patients from a single institution whose cancers had progressed after all available standard-of-care therapies and whose tumors underwent next-generation sequencing analysis. We determined the percentage of patients who received any therapy directed by the test, and its efficacy. RESULTS: From July 2013 to December 2015, 185 consecutive patients were tested using a commercially available next-generation sequencing-based test, and 157 patients were eligible. Sixty-six patients (42.0%) were female, and 91 (58.0%) were male. The mean age at diagnosis was 52.2 years, and the mean number of pre-test lines of systemic treatment was 2.7. One hundred and seventy-seven patients (95.6%) had at least one identified gene alteration. Twenty-four patients (15.2%) underwent systemic treatment directed by the test result. Of these, one patient had a complete response, four (16.7%) had partial responses, two (8.3%) had stable disease, and 17 (70.8%) had disease progression as the best result. The median progression-free survival time with matched therapy was 1.6 months, and the median overall survival was 10 months. CONCLUSION: We identified a high prevalence of gene alterations using an next-generation sequencing test. Although some benefit was associated with the matched therapy, most of the patients had disease progression as the best response, indicating the limited biological potential and unclear clinical relevance of this practice.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Genômica/métodos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Progressão da Doença , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Genômica/tendências , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Terapia de Alvo Molecular/métodos , Metástase Neoplásica , Neoplasias/mortalidade , Neoplasias/patologia , Medicina de Precisão/métodos , Receptor ErbB-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Análise de Sequência de DNA/tendências , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Anemia é uma complicação quase universal nos pacientes em estágios avançados de doença renal crônica (DRC). Ela está associada com maior número de internações hospitalares, maior mortalidade e pior qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Ela tem várias causas, sendo deficiência de eritropoetina e ferro as duas principais causas. A condição inflamatória presente na DRC interfere com a ação da eritropoetina e com a absorção intestinal de ferro e mobilização de ferro dos estoques, devido ao aumento de hepcidina. A correção parcial (não completa) da anemia promove melhores resultados nos pacientes com DRC.
Anemia is an almost universal complication of patients in advanced stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is associated with more hospitalizations, increased mortality and worse quality of life. Although there are several causes, erythropoietin and iron deficiency are the most common. The inflammatory condition present in CKD interferes with the action of erythropoietin, intestinal iron absorption and iron mobilization from deposits, due to increased hepcidin concentrations. Partial but incomplete correction of anemia promotes better outcomes in patients with CKD.