Brazilian recommendations on the safety and effectiveness of the yellow fever vaccination in patients with chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases

Abstract Background: In Brazil, we are facing an alarming epidemic scenario of Yellow fever (YF), which is reaching the most populous areas of the country in unvaccinated people. Vaccination is the only effective tool to prevent YF. In special situations, such as patients with chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (CIMID), undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, as a higher risk of severe adverse events may occur, assessment of the risk-benefit ratio of the yellow fever vaccine (YFV) should be performed on an individual level. Main body of the abstract: Faced with the scarcity of specific orientation on YFV for this special group of patients, the Brazilian Rheumatology Society (BRS) endorsed a project aiming the development of individualized YFV recommendations for patients with CIMID, guided by questions addressed by both medical professionals and patients, followed an internationally validated methodology (GIN-McMaster Guideline Development). Firstly, a systematic review was carried out and an expert panel formed to take part of the decision process, comprising BRS clinical practitioners, as well as individuals from the Brazilian Dermatology Society (BDS), Brazilian Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Study Group (GEDIIB), and specialists on infectious diseases and vaccination (from Tropical Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Immunizations National Societies); in addition, two representatives of patient groups were included as members of the panel. When the quality of the evidence was low or there was a lack of evidence to determine the recommendations, the decisions were based on the expert opinion panel and a Delphi approach was performed. A recommendation was accepted upon achieving ≥80% agreement among the panel, including the patient representatives. As a result, eight recommendations were developed regarding the safety of YFV in patients with CIMID, considering the immunosuppression degree conferred by the treatment used. It was not possible to establish recommendations on the effectiveness of YFV in these patients as there is no consistent evidence to support these recommendations. Conclusion: This paper approaches a real need, assessed by clinicians and patient care groups, to address specific questions on the management of YFV in patients with CIMID living or traveling to YF endemic areas, involving specialists from many areas together with patients, and might have global applicability, contributing to and supporting vaccination practices. We recommended a shared decision-making approach on taking or not the YFV.

Achados bucais e laboratoriais em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico / Oral and laboratorial findings in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

INTRODUÇÃO: O lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) é uma doença inflamatória crônica caracterizada por manifestações clínicas variadas. Os poucos trabalhos existentes na literatura relatam uma prevalência entre 6,5 por cento e 21 por cento de acometimento bucal. OBJETIVO: Investigar os achados bucais e laboratoriais em pacientes com LES. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram analisados 155 pacientes com diagnóstico de LES, segundo critérios do American College of Rheumatology (ACR). O índice de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados (CPO-D) foi registrado e avaliou-se a necessidade de tratamento periodontal por meio do índice periodontal comunitário (IPC). Foram realizados esfregaços e biópsias das lesões e bordas laterais de língua para exames citopatológicos. Exames laboratoriais foram correlacionados com os achados bucais destes pacientes. RESULTADOS: Dos 155 pacientes, 94,1 por cento eram mulheres. Altos níveis de anticorpos circulantes (FAN-Hep2) foram observados em todos os pacientes, sendo 41,9 por cento positivos para a pesquisa de anticorpos anti-DNA de fita dupla. O índice CPO-D médio correspondeu a 18,5 e de acordo com o IPC, 18 por cento apresentaram bolsas periodontais de 4-5 mm e 5,9 por cento de 6 mm ou mais. Foram biopsiadas oito lesões bucais, mas somente três casos foram considerados compatíveis com a indicação clínica de LES. Os principais sítios acometidos foram dorso de língua, mucosa jugal e lábios. A prevalência de candidíase correspondeu a 20,1 por cento e a de leucoplasia pilosa oral a 3,7 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com LES apresentam condição periodontal precária e baixa prevalência de lesões bucais e, além disso, a citopatologia mostrou-se importante no diagnóstico de infecções relacionadas com imunossupressão, como candidíase e leucoplasia pilosa oral.

INTRODUCTION: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease, which is characterized by several clinical manifestations. A few studies in the literature state estimated prevalence of 6.5 percent to 21 percent in oral manifestations. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the oral and laboratorial findings in patients with SLE. MATERIAL AND METHOD: One hundred fifty-five patients diagnosed with SLE were analyzed in accordance with the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. The index of decayed, missed and filled teeth (DMFT) was registered and the necessity of periodontal treatment was evaluated by the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Furthermore, biopsies and smears of the lateral borders of the tongue were performed for cytopathological exams. Laboratory exams were correlated with patients' oral findings. RESULTS: Ninety-four comma one percent of 155 patients were women. High levels of circulating autoantibodies (ANA-Hep2) were observed in all patients and 41.9 percent of them were positive for anti-double stranded DNA. Mean DMFT index was 18.5. According to CPI, 18 percent showed periodontal pockets of 4-5 mm and 5.9 percent pockets of 6mm or more. Eight oral lesions were biopsied, but only three cases were considered compatible with clinical indication of SLE. The main affected sites were dorsum of the tongue, buccal mucosa and lips. The prevalence of candidiasis and oral hairy leucoplakia corresponded to 20.1 percent and 3.7 percent, respectively. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that patients with SLE present low prevalence of oral lesions and poor periodontal conditions. Moreover, the cytopathology showed infections associated with immunosuppression such as candidiasis and oral hairy leucoplakia.

Associação entre silicose e esclerose sistêmica: Síndrome de Erasmus / Silicosis associated with systemic sclerosis: Erasmus syndrome

Apesar da descrição inicial de Erasmus em 1957, a silicoesclerodermia ainda não é reconhecida por todos como uma entidade específica. Entretanto, esta combinação patológica não é meramente uma coincidência. É o resultado da interferência na imunidade celular relacionada à citotoxidade da sílica, responsável pelas reações auto-imunes e pela formação de imunocomplexos circulantes. Os autores relatam o caso de um homem de 46 anos com antecedentes de exposição à sílica e que desenvolveu silicoesclerodermia