Local treatment of colostomy prolapse with the MESH STRIP technique: A novel and highly efficient day hospital technique

OBJECTIVE: Stoma prolapse is an intussusception of the bowel through a mature stoma. It can be caused by increased intra-abdominal pressure, excessively mobile bowel mesentery and/or a large opening in the abdominal wall at the time of stoma formation. It occurs predominantly in loop stomas, and correction methods include conservative modalities, such as local reduction to the prolapsed bowel, or surgical treatment. The purpose of this study was to describe our experience with the treatment of colostomy prolapse using a novel mesh strip technique. METHODS: Between February 2009 and March 2018, ten consecutive male patients underwent correction of colostomy prolapse under local anesthesia by peristomal placement of a polypropylene mesh strip. Operation time, short- and long-term complications, and recurrence rates were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: No postoperative complications, morbidity or mortality were observed. The median length of the prolapse ranged from 6-20 cm, and the median operative time was 30 minutes. The median duration of follow-up was 25 months (range, 12-89 months). No relapse, mesh strip extrusion, local infection or granuloma formation were found. CONCLUSION: A simple, fast, and low-cost operation under local anesthesia using a mesh strip is a valuable option to treat colostomy prolapse.

A experiência do médico examinador tem influência na avaliação do tônus anal em comparação à manometria anorretal? / Is the physician expertise in digital rectal examination of value in detecting anal tone in comparison to anorectal manometry?

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Digital rectal examination (DRE) is part of the physical examination, is also essential for the colorectal surgeon evaluation. A good DRE offers precious information related to the patient's complaints, which will help in decision making. It is simple, quick and minimally invasive. In many centers around the world, the DRE is still the only method to evaluate the anal sphincter prior to patient's management. On the other hand, anorectal manometry (ARM) is the main method for objective functional evaluation of anal sphincter pressures. The discrepancy of DRE depending on the examiner to determine sphincter tonus in comparison to ARM motivated this study. OBJECTIVE: To compare the DRE performed by proficient and non-experienced examiners to sphincter pressure parameters obtained at ARM, depending on examiners expertise. METHODS: Thirty-six consecutive patients with complaints of fecal incontinence or chronic constipation, from the anorectal physiology clinic of the University of São Paulo School of Medicine, were prospectively included. Each patient underwent ARM and DRE performed by two senior colorectal surgeons and one junior colorectal surgeon prior to the ARM. Patient's history was blinded for the examiner's knowledge, also the impressions of each examiner were blinded from the others. For the DRE rest and squeeze pressures were classified by an objective scale (DRE scoring system) that was compared to the parameters of the ARM for the analysis. The results obtained at the ARM were compared to the DRE performed by the seniors and the junior colorectal surgeons. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive analysis was performed for all parameters. For the rest and squeeze pressures the Gamma index was used for the comparison between the DRE and ARM, which varied from 0 to 1. The closer to 1 the better was the agreement. RESULTS: The mean age was 48 years old and 55.5% of patients were female. The agreement of rest anal pressures between the ARM and the DRE performed by the senior proficient examiners was 0.7 (CI 95%; 0.32-1.0), while for the junior non-experienced examiner was 0.52 (CI 95%; 0.09-0.96). The agreement of squeeze pressures was 0.96 (CI 95%; 0.87-1.0) for the seniors and 0.52 (CI 95%; 0.16-0.89) for the junior examiner. CONCLUSION: More experienced colorectal surgeons used to DRE had a more significant agreement with the ARM, thereafter would have more appropriate therapeutic management to patients with sphincter functional problems. ARM, therefore, persists as an important exam to objectively evaluate the sphincter complex, justifying its utility in the clinical practice.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: Exame anorretal digital (EAD) faz parte do exame físico, também é essencial para a avaliação do cirurgião colorretal. Um bom EAD oferece informações preciosas relacionadas às queixas do paciente, que auxiliam na tomada de decisões. Sua realização é simples, rápida e minimamente invasiva. Em diversos centros ao redor do mundo, o toque retal ainda é o único método para avaliar o esfíncter anal antes do tratamento. Por outro lado, a manometria anorretal (MAR) é o principal método para avaliação funcional objetiva das pressões esfincterianas. A discrepância entre o EAD, dependendo do examinador para determinar o tônus esfincteriano em comparação à MAR motivou este estudo. OBJETIVO: Comparar o EAD com os parâmetros de pressão esfincteriana obtidos na MAR, dependendo da experiência dos examinadores. MÉTODOS: Trinta e seis pacientes consecutivos com queixas de incontinência fecal ou constipação crônica, do ambulatório de Fisiologia Anorretal da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, foram prospectivamente incluídos. Cada paciente foi submetido a MAR e EAD realizados por dois cirurgiões colorretais seniores e um júnior antes da MAR. A história dos pacientes propositalmente omitida dos examinadores, e os resultados de cada examinador foram cegos dos demais. Para o EAD, as pressões de repouso e contração foram classificadas por uma escala objetiva (EAD Scoring System), realizada pelos examinadores seniores e pelo júnior em todos os pacientes, que foi comparada com os parâmetros da MAR para a análise. ANÁLISE ESTATÍSTICA: A análise descritiva foi feita para todos os parâmetros. Para as pressões de repouso e contração, o índice Gamma foi utilizado para a comparação entre o EAD e a MAR, que variou de 0 a 1. Quanto mais próximo de 1 melhor a concordância entre os dois métodos de avaliação. RESULTADOS: A idade média foi de 48 anos e 55,5% dos pacientes eram do sexo feminino. A concordância das pressões anais de repouso entre a MAR e o EAD realizadas pelos examinadores seniores, proficientes, foi de 0,7 (IC 95%; 0,32-1,0), enquanto para o examinador júnior, menos experiente, foi de 0,52 (IC95%; 0,09-0,96). A concordância das pressões de contração foi de 0,96 (IC 95%; 0,87-1,0) para os examinadores seniores e de 0,52 (IC 95%; 0,16-0,89) para o júnior. CONCLUSÃO: Cirurgiões colorretais mais experientes, o EAD teve concordância mais significativa com a MAR, o que poderia levar a um manejo terapêutico mais adequado aos pacientes portadores de doença anorretais funcionais. A manometria anorretal permanece, portanto, como método de avaliação objetiva da função esfincteriana.

Anoplastia com plicoma sentinela para o tratamento de fissura anal crônica / Anoplasty with skin tag flap for the treatment of chronic anal fissure

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar os resultados de longo prazo da correção de fissuras anais crônicas em pacientes sem hipertonia anal usando a técnica de anoplastia com o plicoma sentinela. Métodos: estudo prospectivo de pacientes com fissura anal crônica refratários ao tratamento conservador e sem hipertonia anal, submetidos à operação de anoplastia com utilização do plicoma anal para cobrir a área cruenta. Foi confirmada a ausência de hipertonia anal através do toque retal e da eletromanometria. Foi aplicado um questionário de dor visual e o escore de incontinência fecal da Cleveland Clinic, antes e após a cirurgia. Resultados: quinze pacientes com fissura anal crônica foram acompanhados por um período médio de 29 meses (12 a 56). A média de idade foi 41 anos (29 a 69) e a duração dos sintomas variou entre seis meses e cinco anos. A cicatrização ocorreu entre três e seis semanas para 13 pacientes (86,7%). Os outros dois pacientes foram submetidos a desbridamento e nova anoplastia, com sucesso. Em nenhum paciente ocorreu necrose do plicoma ou estenose anal. O escore de incontinência anal não se alterou após o procedimento e todos os pacientes referiram melhora da dor. Após 12 meses de seguimento, nenhum paciente apresentou recorrência ou incontinência anal e 93,3% (14/15) dos pacientes responderam estar muito satisfeitos. Conclusão: fissurectomia e anoplastia com o uso do plicoma sentinela é uma técnica segura que resulta em melhora da dor sem alterações da continência fecal e com altas taxas de satisfação.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the long-term results of the correction of chronic anal fissures (CAF) in patients without anal hypertonia using the technique of anoplasty with skin tag flap. Methods: we conducted a prospective study of CAF patients refractory to conservative treatment without anal hypertonia, subjected to anoplasty with the use of anal plicoma to cover the bloody area. We confirmed the absence of anal hypertonia through rectal exam and electromanometry. We applied a visual pain questionnaire and the Cleveland Clinic fecal incontinence score before and after surgery. Results: we followed 15 patients with chronic anal fissure for a mean period of 29 months (12-56). The mean age was 41 years (29-69) and the duration of symptoms ranged from six months to five years. Healing occurred between three and six weeks for 13 patients (86.7%). The other two patients underwent debridement and new anoplasty successfully. No plicoma necrosis or anal stenosis occurred in any patient. The anal incontinence score did not change after the procedure, and all patients reported reduced pain. After 12 months of follow-up, none of the patients presented recurrence or anal incontinence, and 93.3% (14/15) of the patients were very satisfied. Conclusion: fissurectomy and anoplasty with the use of sentinel plie is a safe technique that results in improvement in pain without change of fecal continence and with high satisfaction rates.

Prognostic factors affecting outcomes in multivisceral en bloc resection for colorectal cancer

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine the clinical and pathological factors associated with perioperative morbidity, mortality and oncological outcomes after multivisceral en bloc resection in patients with colorectal cancer. METHODS: Between January 2009 and February 2014, 105 patients with primary colorectal cancer selected for multivisceral resection were identified from a prospective database. Clinical and pathological factors, perioperative morbidity and mortality and outcomes were obtained from medical records. Estimated local recurrence and overall survival were compared using the log-rank method, and Cox regression analysis was used to determine the independence of the studied parameters. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02859155. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 60 (range 23-86) years, 66.7% were female, 80% of tumors were located in the rectum, 11.4% had stage-IV disease, and 54.3% received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The organs most frequently resected were ovaries and annexes (37%). Additionally, 30.5% of patients received abdominoperineal resection. Invasion of other organs was confirmed histologically in 53.5% of patients, and R0 resection was obtained in 72% of patients. The overall morbidity rate of patients in this study was 37.1%. Ureter resection and intraoperative blood transfusion were independently associated with an increased number of complications. The 30-day postoperative mortality rate was 1.9%. After 27 (range 5-57) months of follow-up, the mortality and local recurrence rates were 23% and 15%, respectively. Positive margins were associated with a higher recurrence rate. Positive margins, lymph node involvement, stage III/IV disease, and stage IV disease alone were associated with lower overall survival rates. On multivariate analysis, the only factor associated with reduced survival was lymph node involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Multivisceral en bloc resection for primary colorectal cancer can be performed with acceptable rates of morbidity and mortality and may lead to favorable oncological outcomes.

Intestinal and xxtraintestinal neoplasia in patents with inflammatory bowel diisease in a tertiary care hospital

Context The development of neoplasia is an important concern associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), especially colorectal cancer (CRC). Objectives Our aim was to determine the incidence of intestinal and extraintestinal neoplasias among patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Methods There were retrieved information from 1607 patients regarding demographics, disease duration and extent, temporal relationship between IBD diagnosis and neoplasia, clinical outcomes and risk factors for neoplasia. Results Crohn's disease (CD) was more frequent among women (P = 0.0018). The incidence of neoplasia was higher in ulcerative colitis (UC) when compared to CD (P = 0.0003). Eight (0.99%) patients developed neoplasia among 804 with CD: 4 colorectal cancer, 2 lymphomas, 1 appendix carcinoid and 1 breast cancer. Thirty (3.7%) patients developed neoplasia among the 803 UC: 13 CRC, 2 lymphomas and 15 extraintestinal tumors. While CRC incidence was not different among UC and CD (1.7% vs 0.5%; P = 0.2953), the incidence of extraintestinal neoplasias was higher among UC (2.1% vs 0.5%, P = 0.0009). Ten (26.3%) patients out of 38 with neoplasia died. Conclusions CRC incidence was low and similar in both diseases. There was a higher incidence of extraintestinal neoplasia in UC when compared to CD. Neoplasias in IBD developed at a younger age than expected for the general population. Mortality associated with malignancy is significant, affecting 1/4 of the patients with neoplasia. .

Contexto O desenvolvimento de neoplasias se constitui em preocupação constante em pacientes com doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII), especialmente o câncer colorretal (CCR). Objetivos Determinar a incidência de neoplasias intestinais e extra-intestinais entre pacientes com DII. Métodos Foram obtidas informações de 1607 pacientes, quanto a dados demográficos, duração e extensão da doença, relação temporal entre diagnóstico das DII e neoplasia, evolução clínica e fatores de risco para neoplasia. Resultados Doença de Crohn (DC) foi mais frequente entre as mulheres (P = 0.0018). A incidência de neoplasia foi maior nos doentes com retocolite ulcerativa (RCU) em relação aos com DC (P = 0.0003). Oito (0.99%) pacientes desenvolveram neoplasia entre 804 com DC: quatro tumores colorretais, dois linfomas, um carcinóide de apêndice e um câncer de mama. Trinta (3.7%) pacientes desenvolveram neoplasia entre os 803 RCU: 13 CCR, 2 linfomas e 15 tumores extra-intestinais. Enquanto a incidência de CCR não diferiu entre RCU e DC (1.7% vs 0.5%; P = 0.2953), a incidência de neoplasias extraintestinais foi maior na RCU (2.1% vs 0.5%, P = 0.0009). Dez (26.3%) pacientes de um total de 38 com neoplasia, evoluíram a óbito durante o seguimento. Conclusões A incidência de CCR foi baixa e similar em ambas as doenças inflamatórias. Observou-se incidência maior de neoplasia extra-intestinal na RCU quando comparada à DC. Neoplasias em doenças inflamatórias se desenvolveram em idade mais precoce do que a esperada para a população geral. A mortalidade associada a neoplasias é significativa, afetando 1/4 dos pacientes. .

Histopathological evaluation and risk factors related to the development of pouchitis in patients with ileal pouches for ulcerative colitis

OBJECTIVE: Many changes in mucosal morphology are observed following ileal pouch construction, including colonic metaplasia and dysplasia. Additionally, one rare but potential complication is the development of adenocarcinoma of the reservoir. The aim of this study was to evaluate the most frequently observed histopathological changes in ileal pouches and to correlate these changes with potential risk factors for complications. METHODS: A total of 41 patients were enrolled in the study and divided into the following three groups: a non-pouchitis group (group 1) (n = 20; 8 males; mean age: 47.5 years) demonstrating optimal outcome; a pouchitis without antibiotics group (group 2) (n = 14; 4 males; mean age: 47 years), containing individuals with pouchitis who did not receive treatment with antibiotics; and a pouchitis plus antibiotics group (group 3) (n = 7; 3 males; mean age: 41 years), containing those patients with pouchitis who were administered antibiotics. Ileal pouch endoscopy was performed, and tissue biopsy samples were collected for histopathological analysis. RESULTS: Colonic metaplasia was found in 15 (36.6%) of the 41 patients evaluated; of these, five (25%) were from group 1, eight (57.1%) were from group 2, and two (28.6%) were from group 3. However, no correlation was established between the presence of metaplasia and pouchitis (p = 0.17). and no differences in mucosal atrophy or the degree of chronic or acute inflammation were observed between groups 1, 2, and 3 (p>0.45). Moreover, no dysplasia or neoplastic changes were detected. However, the degree of mucosal atrophy correlated well with the time of postoperative follow-up (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The degree of mucosal atrophy, the presence of colonic metaplasia, and the degree of acute or chronic inflammation do not appear to constitute risk factors for the development of pouchitis. Moreover, we observed that longer postoperative follow-up times were associated with greater degrees of mucosal atrophy.

Influence of perineal prostatectomy on anal continence

OBJECTIVE: Perineal prostatectomy has been proposed as a less invasive and safe procedure, but the risk of anal incontinence has been studied. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of perineal access on anal continence mechanisms after perineal prostatectomy. METHODS: From August 2008 to May 2009, twenty three patients underwent perineal prostatectomy. These patients were evaluated before surgery and eight months postoperatively using the Cleveland Clinic Anal Incontinence Score, the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score, and anorectal manometry. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 65 (range, 54-72) years, and the mean prostate weight was 34.5 (range, 24-54) grams. Gleason scores ranged from 6-7, and the mean Cleveland Clinic Anal Incontinence Score (mean±;standard deviation) values were 0.9±1.9 and 0.7±1.2 (p.0.05) before and after surgery, respectively. The Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score did not change significantly after surgery. The mean values for anal manometric parameters before and after surgery were, respectively: Resting Pressures of 64±23 mmHg and 65±17 mmHg (p = 0.763), Maximum Squeezing Pressures of 130±41 mmHg and 117±40 mmHg (p = 0.259), High Pressure Zones of 3.0±0.9 cm and 2.7±0.8 cm(p = 0.398), Rectal Sensory Thresholds of 76±25 mland71±35 ml (p = 0.539), Maximum Tolerated Rectal Volumes of 157±48 ml and 156±56ml (p = 0.836), and Sphincter Asymmetry Indexes 22.4±9 percent and 14.4±5 percent (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: There was a significant decrease in the sphincter symmetry index after perineal prostatectomy. With the exception of the sphincter asymmetry index, perineal prostatectomy did not affect anal continence parameters.

Surgical treatment of familial adenomatous polyposis: ileoretal anastomosis or restorative proctolectomy? / Tratamento cirúrgico da polipose adenomatosa familiar: anastomose íleo-retal ou bolsa ileal?

Context: Controversy regarding the best operative choice for familial adenomatous polyposis lays between the morbidity of restorative proctocolectomy and the supposed mortality due to rectal cancer after ileorectal anastomosis. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate operative complications and oncological outcome after ileorectal anastomosis and restorative proctocolectomy. Methods: Charts from patients treated between 1977 and 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical and endoscopic data, results of treatment, pathological reports and information regarding early and late outcome were recorded. Results: Eighty-eight patients - 41 men (46.6 percent) and 47 women (53.4 percent) - were assisted. At diagnosis, 53 patients (60.2 percent) already had associated colorectal cancer. Operative complications occurred in 25 patients (29.0 percent), being 17 (19.7 percent) early and 8 (9.3 percent) late complications. There were more complications after restorative proctocolectomy (48.1 percent) compared to proctocolectomy with ileostomy (26.6 percent) and ileorectal anastomosis (19.0 percent) (P = 0,03). There was no operative mortality. During the follow-up of 36 ileorectal anastomosis, cancer developed in the rectal cuff in six patients (16,6 percent). Cumulative cancer risk after ileorectal anastomosis was 17.2 percent at 5 years, 24.1 percent at 10 years and 43.1 percent at 15 years of follow-up. Age-dependent cumulative risk started at 30 years (4.3 percent), went to 9.6 percent at 40 years, 20.9 percent at 40 years and 52 percent at 60 years. Among the 26 patients followed after restorative proctocolectomy, it was found cancer in the ileal pouch in 1 (3.8 percent). Conclusions: 1. Operative complications occurred in about one third of the patients, being more frequently after the confection of ileal reservoir; 2. greater age and previous colonic carcinoma were associated with the development of rectal cancer after ileorectal anastomosis; 3. patients treated...

Contexto: As controvérsias quanto a melhor forma de tratamento da polipose adenomatosa familiar confrontam a morbidade da proctocolectomia restauradora contra a suposta mortalidade decorrente de câncer retal após íleo-reto anastomose. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar as complicações operatórias e a evolução oncológica dos pacientes submetidos a íleo-reto anastomose ou proctocolectomia restauradora. Métodos: Analisaram-se os dados dos doentes tratados entre 1977 e 2006, procedendo ao levantamento de dados clínicos gerais, endoscópicos, resultados do tratamento cirúrgico, dados anatomopatológicos e informações sobre a evolução precoce e tardia dos pacientes. Resultados: Foram tratados 88 pacientes, sendo 41 homens (46,6 por cento) e 47 mulheres (53,4 por cento). Por ocasião do diagnóstico, 53 pacientes (60,2 por cento) já tinham câncer colorretal associado à polipose. Registraram-se complicações operatórias em 25 doentes (29,0 por cento) dentre os 86 operados, sendo 17 (19,7 por cento) precoces e 8 (9,3 por cento) tardias. Houve mais complicações após proctocolectomia restauradora (48,1 por cento) em comparação às proctocolectomias com ileostomia (26,6 por cento) e íleo-reto anastomose (19,0 por cento) (P = 0,03). Não houve mortalidade operatória. O risco cumulativo de câncer retal após íleo-reto anastomose foi de 17,2 por cento após 5 anos, 24,1 por cento após 10 anos e 43,1 por cento após 15 anos de seguimento pós-operatório. Já o risco cumulativo idade-dependente começou a existir a partir de 30 anos (4,3 por cento), passando para 9,6 por cento aos 40 anos, 20,9 por cento aos 40 anos e 52 por cento aos 60 anos. Entre os pacientes submetidos a bolsa ileal com seguimento (26), apenas 1 doente (3,8 por cento) desenvolveu câncer na bolsa ileal. Conclusões: 1. Ocorreram complicações operatórias em cerca de 1/3 dos pacientes, sendo mais frequentes após a confecção de bolsa ileal; 2. idade maior, tempo de seguimento e câncer colônico prévio se associaram...

Fissura anal crônica: resultados do tratamento cirurgico em 220 doentes / Chronic anal fissure: results of the surgical treatment of 220 patients

Uma vez que permanecem submetidos a prova do tempo metodos incruentos para o tratamento da fissura anal cronica, as operacoes que possuem como racional a seccao do musculo esfincter externo do anus figuram como as alternativas terapeuticas de consenso. O presente objetiva, atraves da analise retrospectiva, obter os resultados do tratamento cirurgico de 220 doentes portadores desta afeccao operados entre 1984 e 1995. Foram anotados a idade e o sexo, localizacao da lesao, afeccoes associadas, tecnica operatoria empregada e a ocorrencia de complicacoes. Setenta por cento dos doentes eram mulheres. A idade media foi de 37,1 anos...