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1.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 86(2): 112-116, abr. 2015. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-752888

RESUMO

Introducción: La enfermedad granulomatosa crónica (EGC) es una forma infrecuente de inmunodeficiencia primaria que se caracteriza por una sensibilidad anormal a infecciones bacterianas y fúngicas, debida a un déficit en el complejo nicotinamida adenina dinucleótida fosfato oxidasa (NADPH) en los fagocitos. Objetivo: Describir tres casos de EGC con énfasis en su forma de presentación y realizar una revisión del tema. Casos Clínicos: Se presentan tres casos clínicos, dos de ellos con relación de parentesco (primos en primer grado). Se llegó a diagnóstico molecular en uno de los casos. Se destacan las manifestaciones clínicas: infecciones recurrentes, abscesos, adenitis y granulomas, y complicaciones, con la finalidad de facilitar la sospecha diagnóstica de EGC, debido a la importancia del diagnóstico temprano y el consejo genético. Conclusiones: La EGC es un trastorno inmunológico primario congénito infrecuente, con herencia ligada a X en su mayoría, pero también con formas autosómicas recesivas, con una forma de presentación característica y cuyo diagnóstico debe ser oportuno para evitar complicaciones, realizar profilaxis y tratamiento agresivo de las infecciones y consejo genético.


Introduction: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare form of primary immunodeficiency disease, characterized by an abnormal susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections, and it is caused by a deficit in the phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase complex (NADPH), resulting in the inability to generate reactive oxygen species that destroy micro-organisms. The diagnosis is based on clinical characteristics and analysis of phagocytes, and later confirmed by molecular studies. Its management should consider antimicrobial prophylaxis, a search for infections and aggressive management of these. Objective: To describe three cases of CGD emphasizing their forms of presentation and to conduct a review of the condition. Case reports: Three case reports, two of them first cousins, are presented. Molecular diagnosis was reached in one of the cases. Recurrent infections, abscesses, adenitis, granulomas and complications are identified to facilitate the suspected diagnosis of CGD, bearing in mind the importance of early diagnosis and genetic counseling. Conclusions: EGC is a rare congenital primary immunodeficiency disorder, mostly with X-linked inheritance, autosomal recessive form, and a specific presentation form. Its diagnosis should be timely to avoid complications. Prophylaxis and aggressive treatment of infections should be performed, as well as genetic counseling.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Criança , Adolescente , Fagócitos/metabolismo , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Doença Granulomatosa Crônica/diagnóstico , Aconselhamento Genético/métodos , Doença Granulomatosa Crônica/fisiopatologia , Doença Granulomatosa Crônica/genética
2.
Rev. chil. reumatol ; 30(3): 128-133, 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-776850

RESUMO

The musculoskeletal and / or joint complaints in childhood are a frequent medical problem involving several etiologies varying from a reaction to intercurrent infection to the presence of diseases with significant alterations of the musculoskeletal system, malignancies or skeletal dysplasia. The diagnosis requires a very good history including family history, a systematic physical evaluation and complementary laboratory study to help establish the diagnosis. This article shows some retrospectively experiences of oncology or rheumatology national and international centers who evaluated describing those characteristics that allowed them to detect a definitive diagnosis. Some clues are necessary to systematize the differential diagnoses among rheumatism and malignancies diseases in childhood because the earlier diagnosis may be reached. Malignancies conditions can development rheumatologic manifestations that can be distracting delaying diagnosis and their patient outcomes...


Las manifestaciones músculo esqueléticas y/o articulares en el niño/a constituyen un frecuente motivo de consulta, además de conformar un complejo sindromático que involucra diversas etiologías, que van desde una expresión reactiva a una infección intercurrente transitoria hasta patologías con alteraciones significativas del sistema músculoesquelético, como neoplasias o displasias óseas. El rol del médico en este motivo de consulta será establecer el diagnóstico a través de una exhaustiva historia que incluya antecedentes familiares, un examen físico completo y estudio de laboratorio complementario que contribuya a establecer el diagnóstico. En este artículo se presentan algunas experiencias de centros de referencia oncológicos y/o reumatológicos nacionales e internacionales que evaluaron retrospectivamente a sus pacientes, describiendo aquellas características que les permitieron establecer el diagnóstico definitivo. Se presentan, además, algunas claves para sistematizar algunos diagnósticos diferenciales entre reumatismos infantiles y enfermedades neoplásicas, ya que en estas últimas pueden presentarse manifestaciones reumatológicas que pueden ser distractores que retardan el diagnóstico y pueden modificar su pronóstico...


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Anormalidades Musculoesqueléticas/etiologia , Artrite Juvenil/etiologia , Neoplasias/complicações , Neoplasias/fisiopatologia
3.
Rev. chil. reumatol ; 29(2): 85-90, 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-726705

RESUMO

Chronic inflammatory axial pain is an uncommon pediatric syndrome, brings a number of diseases affecting the axial skeleton. It is characterized by unknown etiology, with recognizing genetic susceptibility factors. The medical clinician should be performed to establish the diagnosis, making accurate therapy for long-term success and working to get a good quality of life. Current classifications established for children and young patients forms are limited by the pediatric medical short follow-up age. Two international classifications (a) International League of Associations for Rheumatology and (b) Classification of juvenile spondyloarthropathies Spondylarthropathy European group Study Group to achieve approximate diagnosis for pediatric rheumatology forms. The adult rheumatologist usually who will establish the definitive diagnosis and prognosis. The chronic inflammatory axial pain needs an unification of classification criteria for children and adults in order to facilitate the scientific communication and medical transition.


El dolor axial inflamatorio crónico es una entidad infrecuente en Pediatría, y agrupa una serie de patologías que afectan el esqueleto axial. este grupo de enfermedades son de etiología aún desconocida, reconociendo factores de susceptibilidad genética en ellas. Su importancia está en el enfoque que el clínico debe realizar para establecer el diagnóstico, realizar una terapia precoz para obtener buenos resultados a largo plazo y procurar que el paciente obtenga una buena calidad de vida. Las clasificaciones actuales establecidas para las formas infantojuveniles se ven limitadas por lo breve del periodo de seguimiento etario, además que se hace necesario aplicar dos clasificaciones internacionales (a) International League of Associations for Rheumatology y (b) Clasificación de Espondiloartropatías Juveniles del European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group para lograr el diagnóstico aproximado. Es necesario considerar que en muchos casos será el reumatólogo de adultos quien establecerá el diagnóstico y pronóstico definitivo. Se reconoce que este grupo de patología inflamatoria crónica requiere unificación de criterios de clasificación en niños y adultos para facilitar la comunicación científica y de transición.


Assuntos
Criança , Artrite Juvenil/classificação , Artrite Juvenil/diagnóstico , Espondilartrite/classificação , Espondilartrite/diagnóstico , Dor nas Costas
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 134(8): 965-972, ago. 2006. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol, Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-438366

RESUMO

Background: The X-linked form of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency that affects phagocytes of the innate immune system and is characterized by an increased susceptibility to severe bacterial and fungal infections. It is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, which encodes the 91-kD subunit of phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Aim: To identify the mutation in the CYBB gene in two unrelated patients from Chile with the diagnosis of X-linked CGD and their families. Patients and methods: The molecular genetic defects of two unrelated patients from Chile with X-linked CGD caused by defects in the CYBB gene were investigated. The underlying mutation was investigated by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of PCR-amplified genomic DNA and by sequencing of the affected gene region. Results: We found an insertion c.1267_1268insA in exon 10 leading to a frameshift mutation. This mutation is a novel report. We also identified a splice site mutation in the other patient, that presented a c.1326 +1 G>A substitution in intron 10. The mutation was also detectable in his heterozygous mother. Conclusions: This is the first report of the clinical and molecular characterization of Chilean patients with mutations in CYBB gene.


Assuntos
Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Masculino , Mutação da Fase de Leitura/genética , Doença Granulomatosa Crônica/genética , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Mutagênese Insercional/genética , NADPH Oxidases/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Chile , Doença Granulomatosa Crônica/diagnóstico , Sítios de Splice de RNA , Análise de Sequência de DNA
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