Trabajadores del sexo y salud pública: intersecciones, vulnerabilidades y resistencia / Sex workers and public health: intersections, vulnerabilities and resistance

RESUMEN Desde el siglo XIX, con la sífilis y, más recientemente, con el sida, lxs trabajadorxs del sexo pasaron a ser vistos como medios de transmisión de enfermedades y como un problema de salud pública que requiere intervención. Sin embargo, las investigaciones han demostrado que, en los países occidentales, la tasa de VIH en personas involucradas con la venta de sexo es baja, con excepción de grupos específicos, como los consumidores de drogas por vía inyectable. Además, se han puesto en evidencia los riesgos a los que están sometidos lxs trabajadorxs del sexo, por vía de la estigmatización o de otras formas de violencia. En este artículo, a partir de una etnografía urbana con trabajadorxs del sexo de calle, llevada a cabo en la ciudad de Porto (Portugal) entre 2004 y 2005, discutimos las vulnerabilidades sociales, laborales y jurídicas que afectan a las personas involucradas en el comercio del sexo y cómo interfieren en su salud. Nos centraremos en las estrategias de lxs trabajadorxs del sexo para minimizar los riesgos para la salud y el discurso de resistencia en el combate a las vulnerabilidades.

ABSTRACT Since the 19th century with syphilis and most recently with AIDS, sex workers have been seen as a means for disease transmission and a public health problem that requires intervention. However, researchers have shown that in Western countries, HIV rates in people involved in commercial sex are low, except for in specific groups, such as intravenous drug users. Moreover, the risks faced by sex workers due to stigmatization and other forms of violence have been put into evidence. Based on an urban ethnography with street sex workers carried out in Porto (Portugal), between 2004 and 2005, this article discusses the social, labor, and legal vulnerabilities affecting people involved in commercial sex and how these interfere with their health. Focus is placed on the strategies used by sex workers to minimize health risks and their discourses of resistance in fighting vulnerabilities.

Effects of a multidisciplinar cognitive rehabilitation program for patients with mild Alzheimer's disease

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program on cognition, quality of life, and neuropsychiatry symptoms in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. METHOD: The present study was a single-blind, controlled study that was conducted at a university-based day-hospital memory facility. The study included 25 Alzheimer's patients and their caregivers and involved a 12-week stimulation and psychoeducational program. The comparison group consisted of 16 Alzheimer's patients in waiting lists for future intervention. INTERVENTION: Group sessions were provided by a multiprofessional team and included memory training, computer-assisted cognitive stimulation, expressive activities (painting, verbal expression, writing), physiotherapy, and physical training. Treatment was administered twice a week during 6.5-h gatherings. MEASUREMENTS: The assessment battery comprised the following tests: Mini-Mental State Examination, Short Cognitive Test, Quality of Life in Alzheimer's disease, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, and Geriatric Depression Scale. Test scores were evaluated at baseline and the end of the study by raters who were blinded to the group assignments. RESULTS: Measurements of global cognitive function and performance on attention tasks indicated that patients in the experimental group remained stable, whereas controls displayed mild but significant worsening. The intervention was associated with reduced depression symptoms for patients and caregivers and decreased neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's subjects. The treatment was also beneficial for the patients' quality of life. CONCLUSION: This multimodal rehabilitation program was associated with cognitive stability and significant improvements in the quality of life for Alzheimer's patients. We also observed a significant decrease in depressive symptoms and caregiver burden. These results support the notion that structured nonpharmacological interventions can yield adjunct and clinically relevant benefits in dementia treatment.