Sense of coherence and impact of oral health on quality of life in adults and elderly in Southern Brazil / Senso de coerência e impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida em adultos e idosos do sul do Brasil

Abstract This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between the Sense of Coherence and impact of oral health on the quality of life. Was conducted with a sample of 720 individuals of both sexes, between the ages of 50 and 74 years, selected through multistage proportional random sampling. The data collection instruments used were: short version of the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13), Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP) questionnaire, oral clinical examination and questionnaire containing socio demographic and use of dental services information. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed through Poisson regression adjusted for robust variance, with level of significance p < 0.05. Oral impacts were reported by 416 participants (57.8%). In the adjusted model, those with strong SOC were more likely of not having any impact when compared with individuals with weak SOC (PR=1.30). Need for dental prosthesis was also associated with the outcome, individuals who did not require prosthesis had less impact (PR=1.50). The findings showed that SOC is associated with OIDP, supporting the hypothesis that individuals with strong SOC present a lower impact of oral health on the quality of life, suggesting that SOC is a determinant that can provide protection against that impact.

Resumo Este estudo transversal objetivou investigar a associação entre Senso de Coerência (SOC) e o impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida. Foi realizado com uma amostra de 720 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 50 e 74 anos, selecionados por amostragem aleatória proporcional em múltiplos estágios. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram: versão curta da Sense of Coherence Scale, questionário Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP), exame clínico bucal e questionário sociodemográfico e de uso de serviços odontológicos. As análises bivariadas e multivariadas foram realizadas por regressão de Poisson ajustada para variância robusta, com nível de significância p < 0,05. O impacto da saúde bucal foi relatado por 416 participantes (57,8%). No modelo ajustado, aqueles com SOC forte foram mais propensos a não ter nenhum impacto, comparados aos indivíduos com SOC fraco (PR=1,30). A necessidade de prótese dentária também foi associada ao desfecho e os indivíduos que não necessitavam prótese tiveram menor impacto (PR=1,50). Os resultados mostraram que o SOC está associado ao OIDP, apoiando a hipótese de que os indivíduos com SOC forte apresentam menor impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida, sugerindo que o SOC é um determinante que pode proporcionar proteção contra esse impacto.

Relationship between Sense of Coherence and oral health in adults and elderly Brazilians

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Sense of Coherence (SOC) and oral health clinical variables (number of teeth present and absence of need for dental prostheses). The sample consisted of 720 adults and elderly Brazilians. The data were collected at home using the SOC-13 scale - a form of clinical examination for the evaluation of oral conditions - and a questionnaire evaluating socioeconomic aspects and the use of dental services. Statistical analysis, both univariate and multivariate, was performed by Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment. The average age of the participants was 60.2 years, and they were predominantly female (57.8%). Among the participants who had a strong SOC, the absence of the need for dental prostheses was 34% higher than among those with a weak SOC, demonstrating a significant difference between the groups (PR = 1.34, 95%CI = 1.06-1.70; p = 0.015). Individuals who had a strong SOC had a 5% higher prevalence of 14 or more existing teeth than those with a weak SOC, which was statistically significant after adjustment for co-factors (PR = 1.05, 95%CI = 1.01-1.11, p = 0.033). A strong personal Sense of Coherence has a beneficial influence on the oral health of adults and older people in Brazil.

The distribution of tuberculosis in Porto Alegre: analysis of the magnitude and tuberculosis-HIV coinfection / Distribución de la tuberculosis en Porto Alegre: análisis de la magnitud y coinfección tuberculosis-VIH / Distribuição da tuberculose em Porto Alegre: análise da magnitude e coinfecção tuberculose-HIV

Objective Analyzing the geographical distribution of the tuberculosis (TB), its incidence and prevalence and TB-HIV coinfection in the districts of Porto Alegre from 2007 to 2011. Method An ecological, descriptive study of time series that used descriptive and geoprocessing techniques. Results In total, were recorded 3,369 incident cases and 3,998 prevalent cases of pulmonary TB. In both contexts, there was predominance of cases in males and in Caucasians. Seventeen districts showed prevalence rates above 79.2 cases/100,000 inhabitants, considering that 15 of them had incidence rates above 73.7 cases/100,000 inhabitants. The TB-HIV coinfection rates reached 67% in some districts, which is above the city average value (30%). Conclusion The distribution analysis showed that the reformulation and restructuring of policies and health services in Porto Alegre are essential.
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Objetivo Analisar a distribuição geográfica da doença, sua incidência, prevalência e a coinfecção TB - HIV nos bairros deste município nos anos de 2007 a 2011. Método Estudo ecológico de série histórica, descritivo, que utilizou técnicas descritivas e de geoprocessamento. Resultados Foram registrados 3.369 casos novos e 3.998 casos prevalentes de tuberculose pulmonar bacilífera. Em ambos os contextos houve predominância de casos no sexo masculino e na etnia branca. Dezessete bairros apresentaram taxas de prevalência acima de 79,2 casos/100.000 habitantes, sendo que 15 deles tiveram incidência acima de 73,7 casos/100.000 habitantes. A taxa de coinfecção TB-HIV chegou a 67% em alguns bairros, valor superior à média da cidade (30%). Conclusão A análise de distribuição apontou que são fundamentais reformulações e reestruturações de políticas e serviços de saúde em Porto Alegre. .

Objetivo Analizar la distribución geográfica de la enfermedad, su incidencia, prevalencia y la coinfección TB - VIH en los barrios de este municipio en los años de 2007 a 2011. Método Estudio ecológico de serie histórica, descriptivo, que utilizó técnicas descriptivas y de geoprocesamiento. Resultados Fueron registrados 3.369 casos nuevos y 3.998 casos prevalentes de tuberculosis pulmonar bacilífera. En ambos contextos hubo predominancia de casos en el sexo masculino y la etnia blanca. Diecisiete barrios presentaron índices de prevalencia superiores a 79,2 casos/100.000 habitantes, siendo que 15 de esos tuvieron incidencia arriba de 73,7 casos/100.000 habitantes. El índice de coinfección TB-VIH alcanzó el 67% en algunos barrios, valor superior al promedio de la ciudad (30%). Conclusión El análisis de distribución señaló que son fundamentales las reformulaciones y reestructuraciones de políticas y servicios de salud en Porto Alegre. .

Validez y fiabilidad de la versión argentina del PCAT-AE para evaluar la atención primaria de salud / Validity and reliability of the Argentine version of the PCAT-AE for the evaluation of primary health care

OBJETIVO: Determinar la validez y la fiabilidad de los "instrumentos para evaluar la atención primaria de salud" (Primary Care Assessment Tool [PCAT, por su siglas en inglés]), versión dirigida a usuarios adultos, adaptada para Argentina (AR-PCAT-AE). MÉTODOS: Se realizaron dos estudios piloto transversales con personas mayores de 17 años, mediante cuestionarios mayoritariamente autoadministrados. Se analizaron los ítems equivalentes a la versión original de los PCAT y otros 13 propuestos para ser adicionados. Se examinó la validez factorial y la fiabilidad de las puntuaciones de cada dimensión. Los indicadores de validez fueron: factores que tuvieran tres o más ítems con una carga factorial >0,35, correlación ítem-total >0,30 e interpretación de la solución en consecuencia con el modelo teórico. RESULTADOS: El análisis factorial resultó en nueve factores que explicaron 57,4% de la variabilidad. Considerando los criterios de validez preestablecidos, se excluyeron dos ítems de las dimensiones de continuidad e integralidad y se adicionaron seis en integralidad y competencia cultural. En las dimensiones, el porcentaje de preguntas con correlación ítem-total mayor de 0,30 osciló entre 67% y 100% y el coeficiente de consistencia interna alfa de Cronbach entre 0,44 y 0,90. CONCLUSIONES: El cuestionario AR-PCAT-AE tiene validez y fiabilidad adecuadas, manteniendo una alta equivalencia con la versión original. El proceso presentado podría ser adoptado en otros contextos para avanzar en la necesidad de evaluar las funciones de la atención primaria con herramientas de calidad.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the validity and reliability of the version of the Primary Care Assessment Tool for adult users, adapted for Argentina (known as AR-PCAT-AE). METHODS: Two cross-sectional pilot studies were conducted among people over age 17, largely through self-administered questionnaires. Items that were equivalent to the original version of the PCAT and 13 others proposed for the instruments were analyzed. The factorial validity and reliability of the scores for each dimension were studied. The validity indicators were: factors that had three or more items with a factorial load of > 0.35, item-total correlation > 0.30, and interpretation of the solution according to the theoretical model. RESULTS: The factorial analysis yielded nine factors that explained 57.4% of the variability. Considering the pre-established criteria for validity, two items were excluded from the dimensions of continuity and comprehensiveness and six were added to comprehensiveness and cultural competency. In the dimensions, the percentage of questions with an item-total correlation of greater than 0.30 ranged from 67% to 100% and the Chronbach's (alpha) coefficient of internal consistency ranged from 0.44 to 0.90. CONCLUSIONS: The validity and reliability of the AR-PCAT-AE questionnaire are adequate, maintaining high equivalence with the original version. The process presented could be adopted in other contexts to advance the evaluation of primary health care functions with quality tools.