RESUMO
Objetivo. Describir los resultados de un programa de adopción de estilo de vida saludable, aplicado durante tres años, sobre el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el consumo de alimentos en escolares. Material y métodos. Ensayo comunitario aleatorizado y controlado. Dos comunidades del Estado de México con características sociodemográficas similares fueron aleatorizadas para implementar la intervención (n=816) o servir como control (n=408). La intervención se llevó a cabo en escuelas primarias y consistió en educación sobre hábitos saludables, modificación de los alimentos distribuidos y actividad física. El desenlace principal fue el cambio en el IMC. Resultados. Después de tres años, la intervención resultó en un menor incremento del IMC (1.6 vs. 1.9 Kg/m², p<0.01) y menor consumo escolar de calorías totales, pan, grasa y azúcar. Conclusiones. Los programas escolares son útiles para enfrentar la obesidad infantil, pero sus beneficios no son inmediatos.
Objective. Describe the three-year results of a program designed for the adoption of a healthy life style in primary school students on the body mass index (BMI) and the consumption of food. Materials and methods. Community randomized and controlled trial. Two communities in the State of Mexico with similar socio-demographic characteristics were randomized to implement the intervention (n=816) or serve as a control (n=408). The intervention was carried out in primary schools and it consisted of education on healthy habits, modification of distributed food and physical activity. The primary outcome was the change in BMI. Results. After three years, intervention resulted in a lower increase of BMI (1.6 vs. 1.9 Kg/m², p< 0.01) and a decreased consumption of total calories, bread, fat and sugar consumption in the schools. Conclusions. School programs are useful to address childhood obesity, but its benefits are not immediate.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Promoção da Saúde/organização & administração , Estilo de Vida , Obesidade Infantil/prevenção & controle , Serviços de Saúde Escolar/organização & administração , Comportamento do Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Comportamento Infantil , Dieta , Ingestão de Energia , Comportamento Alimentar , Promoção da Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , México/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Serviços de Saúde Escolar/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes diagnosed before age 40 (early-onset type 2 diabetes) identified in a nation-wide, population-based study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The survey was done in Mexico during 2006. Medical history, anthropometric and biochemical measurements were obtained in every subject. RESULTS: Cases diagnosed before (n=181) and after age 40 (n=659) were included. Early-onset type 2 diabetes was present in 13.1 percent of the previously diagnosed, 30.3 percent of the cases identified during the survey and 21.5 percent of the whole population with diabetes. These individuals had a greater prevalence of obesity and hypertriglyceridemia compared to the cases diagnosed after age 40. CONCLUSIONS: Early-onset type 2 diabetes was present in 21.5 percent of patients with type 2 diabetes in Mexico. Close to 70 percent of them were obese or overweight and had the clinical profile of the metabolic syndrome.
OBJETIVO: Describir las características de los pacientes con diabetes diagnosticados antes de los 40 años en una encuesta representativa de la población mexicana. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: La encuesta fue realizada en México durante 2006. Se registró la historia médica, mediciones antropométricas y bioquímicas de los participantes. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron casos diagnosticados antes (n=181) y después (n=659) de los 40 años. La diabetes tipo 2 de inicio temprano está presente en 13.1 por ciento de los casos previamente diagnosticados, 30.3 por ciento de los identificados durante la encuesta y en 21.5 por ciento de la población total con diabetes. En los casos diagnosticados antes de los 40 años hay una prevalencia mayor de obesidad e hipertrigliceridemia que en los diagnosticados después de los 40. CONCLUSIONES: La diabetes de aparición temprana está presente en 21.5 por ciento de los casos con diabetes en México. Setenta por ciento de ellos tenían un peso mayor al saludable y tenían el perfil clínico del síndrome metabólico.
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , /epidemiologia , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Idade de Início , Antropometria , Complicações do Diabetes/epidemiologia , /sangue , Jejum/sangue , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Hiperlipidemias/epidemiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , México/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Estudos de Amostragem , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of lipid abnormalities found in the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006 (ENSANut 2006). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Information was obtained from 4 040 subjects aged 20 to 69 years, studied after a 9- to 12-hour fast. RESULTS: Median lipid concentrations were: cholesterol 198.5 mg/dl, triglycerides 139.6 mg/dl, HDL-cholesterol 39.0 mg/dl, non-HDL-cholesterol 159.5 mg/dl and LDL-cholesterol 131.5 mg/dl. The most frequent abnormality was HDL-cholesterol below 40 mg/dl with a prevalence of 60.5 percent (95 percentCI 58.2-62.8 percent). Hypercholesterolemia (> 200 mg/dl) had a frequency of abnormality of 43.6 percent (95 percentCI 41.4-46.0 percent). Only 8.6 percent of the hypercholesterolemic subjects knew their diagnosis. Hypertriglyceridemia (> 150 mg/dl) was observed in 31.5 percent (IC 95 percent 29.3-33.9 percent) of the population. CONLUSIONS: The ENSANUT 2006 data confirm that the prevalence of hypoalphalipoproteinemia and other forms of dyslipidemia in Mexican adults is very high.
OBJETIVO: Presentar la prevalencia de las dislipidemias observada en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2006 (ENSANUT 2006). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron 4040 individuos con edad entre 20 y 69 años estudiados bajo un ayuno de 9 a 12 horas. RESULTADOS: Las concentraciones medias de los lípidos sanguíneos fueron colesterol 198.5 mg/dl, triglicéridos 139.6 mg/dl, colesterol HDL 39.0 mg/dl, colesterol noHDL 159.5 mg/dl y colesterol LDL 131.5 mg/dl. La anormalidad más común fue la hipoalfalipoproteinemia (colesterol HDL< 40 mg/dl); su prevalencia fue 60.5 por ciento (IC95 por ciento 58.2-62.8 por ciento). La hipercolesterolemia (colesterol > 200 mg/dl) fue la segunda anormalidad en frecuencia, con 43.6 por ciento (IC95 por ciento 41.4-46.0 por ciento). Sólo el 8.6 por ciento de los casos conocía su diagnóstico. La hipertrigliceridemia (> 150 mg/dl) fue observada en 31.5 por ciento (IC95 por ciento 29.3-33.9 por ciento) de la población en estudio. CONCLUSIONES: Los datos de la ENSANUT 2006 confirman que la prevalencia de hipoalfalipoproteinemia y otras formas de dislipidemia es muy alta en los adultos mexicanos.
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Dislipidemias/epidemiologia , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Dislipidemias/sangue , Jejum/sangue , Hipercolesterolemia/sangue , Hipercolesterolemia/epidemiologia , Hipertrigliceridemia/sangue , Hipertrigliceridemia/epidemiologia , Hipoalfalipoproteinemias/sangue , Hipoalfalipoproteinemias/epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Estudos de Amostragem , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the percentage of Mexican adults that may require lipid-lowering treatment according to National Cholesterol Education Program-III guidelines, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006 (ENSANut 2006). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Information was obtained from 4 040 subjects aged 20 to 69 years, studied after a 9 to 12 hours fast. RESULTS: A cardiovascular risk equivalent was found in 13.8 percent and >2 risk factors were present in 31.5 percent of the population. LDL-C concentrations were above the treatment goal in 70 percent of the high-risk group and in 38.6 percent of subjects with >2 risk factors. Nearly 12 million Mexicans should be taught how to change their lifestyles and close to 8 million individuals require drug therapy to decrease their cardiovascular risk. CONCLUSIONS: Thirty percent of Mexican adults require some form of lipid-lowering treatment (lifestyle modifications in 36.25 percent, drug therapy in 24.19 percent).
OBJETIVO: Calcular el porcentaje de adultos que requiere tratamiento hipolipemiante de acuerdo con las recomendaciones del Programa Nacional de Educación en Colesterol-III, usando los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2006. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron 4040 individuos con edad entre 20 y 69 años estudiados bajo un ayuno de 9 a 12 horas. RESULTADOS: Un equivalente de enfermedad cardiovascular fue identificado en 13.8 por ciento de los participantes. El 31.5 por ciento de la población tenía >2 factores de riesgo cardiovascular. La concentración de colesterol LDL estuvo arriba de la meta terapéutica en 70 por ciento de los casos con alto riesgo cardiovascular y en el 38.6 por ciento de los sujetos con >2 factores de riesgo. Cerca de 12 millones de mexicanos deben modificar su estilo de vida para reducir su concentración de colesterol LDL. Casi 8 millones califican para recibir tratamiento farmacológico. CONCLUSIONES: Una tercera parte de los adultos requiere alguna forma de tratamiento hipolipemiante (cambios en el estilo de vida: 36.25 por ciento, medicamentos: 24.19 por ciento).
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Hiperlipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Saúde Pública , Hipolipemiantes/uso terapêutico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Jejum/sangue , Objetivos , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Hiperlipidemias/sangue , Hiperlipidemias/complicações , Hiperlipidemias/epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , População Rural , Estudos de Amostragem , População UrbanaRESUMO
Background: Despite a better management of the variables that influence the development of diabetic nephropathy there is a progressive increase in the prevalence of terminal renal failure among diabetics, whose cause is not clear. Aim: To study in a group of patients in hemodialysis, the quality of diabetes control previous to the entry to dialysis, their physical condition and their evolution. Material and methods: Diabetic patients with at least three months of hemodialysis answered a questionnaire about diabetes control quality previous to dialysis and had physical and laboratory assessment. They were followed for at least four years thereafter. Results: Fifty seven patients aged 62±11 years were studied. Eighty four percent had some degree of disability. Eighty seven percent had high blood pressure and 73 percent had to enter dialysis as an emergency. Mean glycosilated hemoglobin was 7.7 percent and 58 percent had a dialysis dose with a Kt/Vofless than 1.2. Fifty eight percent died during follow up. No relationship between mortality and age, blood pressure, glycosilated hemoglobin of Kt/V, was observed. Conclusions: There is an inadequate management of blood glucose and blood pressure of diabetic patients before entry to dialysis. They are referred ¡ate to the nephrologist, the dialysis dose is insufficient and they have a high mortality.