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Introduction:Late acute rejection leads to worse patient and graft survival after liver transplantation.Aim:To analyze the reported results published in recent years by leading transplant centers in evaluating late acute rejection and update the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of liver transplantation. Method:Systematic literature review through Medline-PubMed database with headings related to late acute rejection in articles published until November 2013 was done. Were analyzed demographics, immunosuppression, rejection, infection and graft and patient survival rates. Results:Late acute rejection in liver transplantation showed poor results mainly regarding patient and graft survival. Almost all of these cohort studies were retrospective and descriptive. The incidence of late acute rejection varied from 7-40% in these studies. Late acute rejection was one cause for graft loss and resulted in different outcomes with worse patient and graft survival after liver transplant. Late acute rejection has been variably defined and may be a cause of chronic rejection with worse prognosis. Late acute rejection occurs during a period in which the goal is to maintain lower immunosuppression after liver transplantation. Conclusion:The current articles show the importance of late acute rejection. The real benefit is based on early diagnosis and adequate treatment at the onset until late follow up after liver transplantation.
RESUMO Introdução:A rejeição aguda tardia apresenta resultados com pior sobrevida do paciente e do enxerto após o transplante de fígado.Objetivo:Analisar os resultados publicados na literatura nos últimos anos pelos principais centros de transplante sobre o tema rejeição aguda tardia para atualização analisando suas manifestações clínicas, diagnóstico e tratamento. Método:Foi realizado uma revisão sistemática da literatura, utilizando o banco de dados PubMed/Medline com os descritores relacionados à rejeição aguda tardia nos artigos publicados até novembro de 2013. Foram analisados dados demográficos, imunossupressão, rejeição, infecção, bem como as taxas de sobrevida do enxerto e do paciente. Resultados:A rejeição aguda tardia no pós transplante de fígado mostra pior resultado na sobrevida do enxerto e do paciente. A grande maioria dos estudos foram coortes retrospectivas e descritivas. A incidência de rejeição aguda tardia variou de 7-40% a partir destes estudos. A rejeição aguda tardia é uma das causas de perda do enxerto. Rejeição aguda tardia tem sua definição variável definida em relação ao tempo. Sua evolução apresenta resultado diferente em relação à sobrevida do enxerto, podendo evoluir para rejeição crônica, apresentando pior prognóstico. A rejeição aguda tardia está presente no momento em que se tende a manter menor imunossupressão, alguns meses depois transplante. Conclusão:Os artigos atuais mostram a importância da rejeição aguda tardia. O benefício real está no diagnóstico precoce e no tratamento adequado durante o episódio e no seguimento tardio após transplante de fígado.
Assuntos
Humanos , Rejeição de Enxerto , Transplante de Fígado , Doença Aguda , Rejeição de Enxerto/diagnóstico , Rejeição de Enxerto/terapia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Orthotopic liver transplantation has improved survival in patients with end-stage liver disease; however, therapeutic strategies that achieve ideal immunosuppression and avoid early complications are lacking. To correlate the dose and level of Tacrolimus with early complications, e.g., rejection, infection and renal impairment, after liver transplantation. From November 2011 to May 2013, 44 adult liver transplant recipients were studied in this retrospective comparative study. RESULTS: The most frequent indication for liver transplantation was hepatitis C cirrhosis (47.7%), with a higher prevalence observed in male patients (68.18%). The ages of the subjects ranged from 19-71 and the median age was 55.5 years. The mean length of the hospital stay was 16.1±9.32 days and the mean Model for End-stage Liver Disease score was 26.18±4.28. There were five cases of acute cellular rejection (11.37%) and 16 cases of infection (36.37%). The blood samples that were collected and analyzed over time showed a significant correlation between the Tacrolimus blood level and the deterioration of glomerular filtration rate and serum creatinine (p<0.05). Patients with infections had a higher serum level of Tacrolimus (p = 0.012). The dose and presence of rejection were significantly different (p = 0.048) and the mean glomerular filtration rate was impaired in patients who underwent rejection compared with patients who did not undergo rejection (p = 0.0084). CONCLUSION: Blood Tacrolimus levels greater than 10 ng/ml were correlated with impaired renal function. Doses greater than 0.15 mg/kg/day were associated with the prevention of acute cellular rejection but predisposed patients to infectious disease. .