RESUMO
Abstract Background: Right ventricular dysfunction is a major complication in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and, despite its prognostic implications, is rarely considered in routine clinical analysis. Objectives: To compare RV function variables with standard and advanced echocardiographic techniques in patients with stable COPD and controls. Methods: Twenty COPD patients classified as GOLD ≥ II (13 men aged 68.4 ± 8.3 years) and 20 matched controls were compared. Myocardial strain/strain rate indices were obtained by tissue Doppler and two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography. Right ventricular ejection fraction was obtained with three-dimensional software. Free wall myocardial thickness (FWMT) and tricuspid annular systolic excursion (TAPSE) were also measured. Numerical variables were compared between groups with Student's t-test or the Mann-Whitney test. Associations between categorical variables were determined with Fisher's exact test. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: All myocardial deformation indices, particularly global longitudinal strain (-17.2 ± 4.4 vs -21.2: ± 4.4 = 0.001) and 3D right ventricular ejection fraction (40.8 ± 9.3% vs 51.1 ± 6.4% p <0.001) were reduced in COPD patients. These patients presented higher right ventricular FWMT and lower TAPSE values than controls. Conclusion: Myocardial deformation indices, either tissue Doppler or speckle tracking echocardiography and 3D right ventricular ejection fraction, are robust markers of right ventricular dysfunction in patients with stable COPD. Assessing global longitudinal strain by speckle tracking echocardiography is a more practical and reproducible method.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/diagnóstico por imagem , Ecocardiografia Tridimensional/métodos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/etiologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/complicações , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/terapia , MiocárdioRESUMO
Um canino macho, sem raça definida, com três anos, pesando 36kg, foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, apresentando tosse noturna, intolerância ao exercício, cansaço freqüente, emagrecimento e episódios de síncope. O exame clínico revelou mucosas discretamente cianóticas, tempo de perfusäo capilar aumentado, presença de sopro sistólico no ápice cardíaco esquerdo e sinais de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva. Foram realizados exames radiográficos, eletrocardiográficos e ecocardiográficos, sendo diagnosticada cardiomiopatia dilatada canina.