RESUMO
Background: Sedentary behaviors are one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Aim: To identify factors associated with high sedentary behaviors in the Chilean population. Material and Methods: We included 5,040 participants from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009-2010. Physical activity level and sedentary behavior (sitting time) were measured using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ v2). Highly sedentary behaviors were determined as > 4 hours per day of sitting time. Logistic regression was used to identify correlates of highly sedentary behavior. Results: Forty seven percent of the study population reported spending more than 4 hours per day sitting. The prevalence was higher in women. The main factors associated with high sedentary behavior were: high income levels (Odds ratio (OR):1.91 [95% Confidence intervals (CI:1.61-2.27]); being woman (OR:1.39 [95% CI:1.24-1.56]): having central obesity (OR:1.15 [95% CI:1.02-1.30]), being physically inactive (OR:2.35 [95% CI:2.06-2.68]), and living in an urban area (OR:1.92 [95% CI:1.63-2.26]). Other factors associates with high sedentary behavior were: being smoker, having a television set, computer and private car at their homes. Participants reporting a poor self-reported health and wellbeing and those with diabetes or metabolic syndrome were more likely to be highly sedentary. Conclusions: The main factors associated with high levels of sedentary behavior are socio-demographic issues, lifestyles and health status.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Exercício Físico , Comportamento Sedentário , Atividade Motora , Fatores Socioeconômicos , População Urbana , Índice de Massa Corporal , Chile , Fatores Sexuais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos EpidemiológicosRESUMO
Objetivo: estudiar los cambios en los gases arteriales (PaO2, PaCO2), la disnea y la tolerancia al ejercicio, en pacientes con EPOC, luego de un programa de rehabilitación pulmonar con acondicionamiento físico. Método: 24 pacientes con EPOC, divididos en grupo experimental (GE) y grupo control (GC) de 12 pacientes cada uno. A ambos, se les sometió a terapia respiratoria, se tomaron gases arteriales, espirometría y se realizó el índice de disnea basal (BDI) al inicio; y al terminar, el índice de disnea de transición (TDI) y se repitieron las mismas pruebas. El GE se sometió adicionalmente a un acondicionamiento físico por 12 semanas, previa prueba de esfuerzo en cicloergómetro y prueba de caminata de 6 minutos, que se repitieron al final. Resultados: se encontró un promedio significativamente más bajo (p<0.05) en las concentraciones de PaCO2 en el GE, comparado con el GC, al finalizar el programa (31.87±1.47mmHg vs 36.38±1.19mmHg). Se encontró mejoría estadísticamente significativa en la disnea demostrada con el TDI en el GE, comparado con el GC (0.45±0.81 vs +6.08±0.35). El coeficiente de determinación mostró que la variación del TDI, es explicado por la PO2, PaCO2 y VO2max en un 47% en el GE. Se observó incremento estadísticamente significativo en el GE en la tolerancia al ejercicio demostrada por aumento en: la distancia recorrida en la prueba de caminata de 6 minutos (Antes: 471.30±30.05 m; Después: 558.92±28.33 m), en la carga máxima movilizada (vatios); en la prueba de esfuerzo (Antes: 45.90±6.83W; Después: 59.54±7.14W); en el VO2max indirecto (antes: 15.09±2.14ml/kg/min; después: 17.80±1.93 ml/kg/min). Conclusión: este estudio sugiere que la capacidad funcional y la disnea mejoran en pacientes con EPOC, luego de un acondicionamiento físico
Objective: to study the changes in the arterial blood gases (PaO2, PaCO2), the dyspnea and the exercise tolerance, in patients with COPD, after a pulmonary rehabilitation program with physical fitness. Method: 24 patients with COPD, separated as experimental group (EG) and control group (CG) of 12 patients each one. Both groups were submitted to respiratory therapy, arterial blood gases test, spirometry and the basal dyspnea index (BDI) were taken at the beginning; and at the end, the transitional dyspnea index (TDI) was evaluated, and the same test were repeated. The EG underwent a program of physical fitness additionally for 12 weeks, previous they had an exercise test on a cycle ergometer and a 6-minute walking test, which were repeated at the end of the study. Results: we found one significantly lower average (p<0.05) in the level of PaCO2 obtained in the EG compared with the CG, at the end of the study (31.87±1.47mmHg vs. 36.38±1.19mmHg). Also, we finded improvement in the dyspnea with in the TDI in the EG, when comparing it with the CG (0.45±0.81 vs +6.08±0.35). The determination coefficient showed that the variation the TDI, is explained for the PO2, PaCO2 y VO2max in 47% in the EG.. We observed significant statistically increased in the exercise tolerance demostrated by: rise in reaching long the six-minute walking test in the EG (before: 471.30±30.05 m; after: 558.92±28.33 m), in the maximum work load (Watts) in the exercise test (before: 45.90±6.83W; after: 59.54±7.14W), in the indirect VO2max (before: 15.09±2.14ml/kg/min; after: 17.80±1.93ml/kg/min). Conclusion: this study suggests that functional capacity and the dyspnea can improve in the patients with COPD, after physical fitness
Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva CrônicaRESUMO
Con el fin de conocer su morbilidad respiratoria se estudiaron los 36 trabajadores de la Empres de Talcos de Yarumal (Antioquia-Colombia); a cada trabajador se le realizaron historia clinica y ocupacional; examen fisico; estudios radiologicos de torax; espirometria; pruebas de tuberculina e histoplasmina; baciloscopias y cultivos para micobacterias. Se hicieron igualmente mediciones del grado de contaminacion del ambiente laboral. Se encontro una alta frecuencia de sintomatologia respiratoria previa; la mitad de los trabajadores anomalias al examen fisico; dos terceras partes tenian anormalidades radiologicoas y una tercera parte anormalidades espirometricas