Intervenções coronárias percutâneas na doença arterial coronária crônica / Percutaneous coronary interventions in chronic coronary artery disease

Verificamos que as ICP são indicadas de forma rotineira para o tratamento de pacientes portadores de angina do peito crônica, com resultados de excelência. As indicações são baseadas na presença de isquemia, na observação de uma lesão-alvo adequada a uma das técnicas de angioplastia, bem como na presunção de um trinômio risco-benefício-custo favorável a sua realização. por suas vantagens inequívocas sobre as próteses intracoronárias convencionais, os stents com eluição de medicamentos tornaram-se a opção de primeira escolha em praticamente todas as situações. Com as novas perspectivas oferecidas pela cardiologia intervencionista atual para o tratamento da doença arterial coronária, é de se esperar que haja, em futuro próximo, uma expressiva mudança na tomada de decisão terapêutica...

Manuseio Percutâneo das lesöes coronarias >20mm através dos stents. Existe uma estratégia de primeira escolha? / Percutaneous handling of coronary lesions >20mm through stents. Is there a first choice strategy?

OBJECTIVE - This study compared the early and late results of the use of one single stent with those of the use of multiple stents in patients with lesions longer than 20mm. METHODS - Prospective assessment of patients electively treated with stents, with optimal stent deployment and followed-up for more than 3 months. From February '94 to January '98, 215 patients with lesions >20mm were treated. These patients were divided into 2 groups as follows: Group A - 105 patients (49 percent) with one stent implanted; Group B - 110 patients (51 percent) with multiple stents implanted. RESULTS - The mean length of the lesions was 26mm in group A (21-48mm) versus 29mm in group B (21-52mm) (p=0.01). Major complications occurred in one patient (0.9 percent) in group A (subacute thrombosis, myocardial infarctionand death) and in 2 patients (1.8 percent) in group B (one emergency surgery and one myocardial infarction) (p=NS). The results of the late follow-up period (6 months) were similar for both groups (group A = 82 percent vs group B = 76 percent; p=NS), and we observed an event-free survical in 89 percent of the patients in group A and in 91 percent of the patients in group B (p=NS). Angina (group A = 11 percent vs group B =7percent) and lesion revascularization (group A = 5 percent vs group B = 6 percent; p=NS) also occurred in a similar percentage. No infarction or death was observed in the late follow-up period; restenosis was identified in 33 percent and 29 percent of the patients in groups A and B, respectively (p=NS). CONCLUSION - The results obtained using one stent and using multiple stents were similar; the greater cost-effectiveness of one stent implantation, however, seems to make this strategy the first choice

Influência do quadro clínico nos resultados imediatos e tardios após aterectomia rotacional / Influence of the Clinical Presentation in Acute and Long-Term Results After Rotational Atherectomy

PURPOSE: To analyse the influence of unstable coronary syndromes (UCS) in the early and late prognosis after rotational atherectomy (RA). METHODS: We treated 236 patients with RA between Aug/1992 and May/1996. Patients were divided into two groups: A) stable coronary syndromes 120 (51) patients; B) UCS: 116 (49) patients. Definitions: 1) procedure success (PS)--lesion success in all locations were RA use was attempted, without a major complication; 2) late coronary events (LCE)--angina, MI, additional revascularization or death. RESULTS: There was a significant predominance of age > 70 (A = 14x B = 24, p = 0.03) in B and previous MI (A = 32x B = 11, p = 0.0001) in A. Other characteristics were similar in both groups, including complex lesions (type B2/C), which were observed in 77A stenosis and 80B lesions. PS was 95in A and 92in B (p = NS). In-hospital major complications were observed in 2.5A and 4.3B patients, (p = NS). One patient died in each group. A and B patients had similar time of follow-up. LCE occurred in 25A and 39B patients (p = 0.002). Recurrence of angina (36x 23; p = 0.01) and target lesion revascularization (29x 18; p = 0.03) were also more frequently required in B cases. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that UCS (group A) does not implicate in worse acute results after RA. However, UCS patients present greater incidence of late coronary events, particularly recurrence of angina and target-lesion revascularization.

Angioplastia na doença coronária crônica de longevos multiarteriais / Angioplasty of chronic coronary disease in the elderly with multivessel disease

Em nosso serviço, de dezembro de 1979 a maio de 1991, foram tratados através da angioplastia coronária (ATC) 4012 pacientes, dos quais 55 (1,3%)eram longevos (idade > 75 anos) multiarteriais (presença de lesöes > 50%) em 2 ou 3 das grandes coronárias epicárdicas), que se apresentavam com angina crônica. Trinta e dois (58%) eram homens. Antecedentes de infarto do miocárdio (IM) e cirurgia de revascularizaçäo foram observados em 40% dos casos, respectivamente. O quadro clínico foi angina estável em 44% e instável em 56%. A maioria das dilataçöes restringiu-se a um único vaso (76%); dos 13(24%) com ATC multiarterial, em 12 tratou-se 2 vasos e no restante 3 artérias. O sucesso primário foi obtido em 87% dos pacientes, com 92% nos casos estáveis e 84% nos instáveis. A maior parte dos insucessos deveu-se à näo ultrapassagem da lesäo (5/7 casos). Complicaçöes maiores ocorreram em 1 (2%) paciente, o qual evoluiu com IM após a ATC. Näo houve óbitos hospitalares ou necessidade de cirurgia de emergência. Na fase tardia, 66% dos pacientes evoluídos permaneceram assintomáticos; em 14% houve recidiva da angina, ocorreram 5(11%) óbitos (a maioria de causas näo-cardíacas) e em 9% perdeu-se a evoluçäo. Em 10 (22%) reestudos angiográficos, observou-se manutençäo do resultado da ATC em 5 (4 dos quais com progressäo da doença em outros vasos) e reestenose em 5. Sete pacientes (16%) necessitaram de procedimentos adicionais de revascularizaçäo, com 5 ATC e 2 cirurgias de revascularizaçäo. Concluindo, no grupo de longevos multiarteriais, a ATC mostrou-se segura e eficaz, a curto e longo prazo, com elevado índice de sucesso primário, baixo índice de complicaçöes e evoluçäo tardia satisfatória