Asociación entre tiroiditis linfocítica crónica y carcinoma papilar de tiroides: Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de estudios en especímenes quirúrgicos / Association between chronic lymphocityc thyroiditis and papillary thyroid carcinoma: Systematic review and meta-analysis of studieson surgical specimens

Introducción. Existen resultados inconsistentes con relación al planteamiento de la hipótesis que sugiere una mayor probabilidad de documentar un carcinoma papilar de tiroides en especímenes quirúrgicos con cambios compatibles con tiroiditis linfocítica crónica. En los metaanálisis existentes se han incluido estudios no comparables metodológicamente y no se proponen claras fuentes de sesgo, justificación para la realización del presente metaanálisis. Métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en Pubmed y Embase. Fueron obtenidos estudios retrospectivos donde se comparaba la prevalencia de carcinoma papilar de tiroides en especímenes con y sin cambios por tiroiditis linfocítica crónica. La evidencia recolectada fue sintetizada estadísticamente. Resultados. Un total de 22 artículos fueron incluidos. La población estuvo conformada por 63.548 especímenes. El OR combinado fue 1,81 (IC95%: 1,51-2,21). Hubo heterogeneidad entre la distribución de las razones de oportunidad entre los estudios (I2= 91 %; p>0,00001). La forma del gráfico en embudo de los estudios incluidos en el análisis parece estar simétrica, lo que indica la ausencia del sesgo atribuible a los estudios pequeños. Conclusiones. La literatura actual sugiere que existe un mayor riesgo de documentar un carcinoma papilar de tiroides en especímenes quirúrgicos en los que se observan cambios compatibles con tiroiditis linfocítica crónica; sin embargo, existen fuentes de sesgo que no será posible controlar en estudios retrospectivos, por lo que recomendamos estudiar la hipótesis que sugiere una mayor probabilidad de diagnosticar un carcinoma papilar de tiroides en especímenes con cambios compatibles con tiroiditis linfocítica crónica mediante metodologías prospectivas

Introduction. Inconsistent results exist in the literature regarding the hypothesis statement suggesting an increased likelihood of documenting papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in surgical specimens with changes compatible with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. Existing meta-analyses have included studies that are not methodologically comparable and do not propose clear sources of bias, thus, this is justification for the present meta-analysis. Methods. A literature search in Pubmed and Embase was performed from January 1, 1950 to December 31, 2020. Retrospective studies comparing the prevalence of papillary thyroid carcinoma in specimens with and without chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis changes were obtained. The collected evidence was statistically analyzed. Results. A total of 22 articles were included. The study population consisted of 63,548 surgical specimens. The pooled OR, based on the studies, was 1.81 (95% CI: 1.51-2.21). There was heterogeneity between the distribution of prevalence ratios and opportunity ratios across studies (I²= 91%; p>0.00001). The funnel plot shape of the studies included in the analysis appears to be symmetrical, indicating the absence of bias attributable to small studies. Conclusions. The current literature suggests that there is an increased risk of documenting papillary thyroid carcinoma in surgical specimens in which chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis-compatible changes are observed; however, there are sources of bias that will not be possible to control for in retrospective studies, so we recommend studying the hypothesis suggesting an increased likelihood of diagnosing PTC in specimens with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis-compatible changes using prospective methodologies

Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com diagnóstico de carcinoma diferenciado de tireoide em seguimento em ambulatório de endocrinologia / Epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with differentiated thyroid carcinoma followed in an outpatient clinic of endocrinology

Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com diagnóstico de carcinoma diferenciado de tireoide. Métodos: Estudo analítico descritivo, realizado por meio da análise e da coleta de dados de 34 prontuários de pacientes em seguimento em um ambulatório de endocrinologia de um hospital público em São Paulo. Foram incluídos todos os pacientes em acompanhamento no ambulatório com diagnóstico de tumores diferenciados; foram excluídos os menores de 18 anos e/ou com diagnóstico de outras neoplasias de tireoide (que não tumores diferenciados). Resultados: A idade dos pacientes variou de 25 a 84 anos ao diagnóstico, com média de 51 anos, tendo sido representados por 32 mulheres (94,11%) e 2 homens (5,88%). A maioria dos tumores (41,17%) possuía tamanho entre 1 e 2cm. A maior parte dos pacientes tinha baixo risco de recorrência, e todos foram tratados cirurgicamente. Conclusão: O tumor diferenciado mais frequente é o subtipo papilífero. Sua prevalência se dá em mulheres, com média de idade ao diagnóstico de 51 anos. (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Methods: Th is i s a d escriptive, analytical study performed through the analysis and collection of data from 34 medical records of patients being followed in an endocrinology clinic of a public hospital in the city of São Paulo. All patients being followed at the outpatients' department with a diagnosis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma were included, and those under 18 and/or with diagnosis of other cancer of the thyroid (other than differentiated tumors) were excluded. Results: the patients' ages ranged from 25 to 84 years at diagnosis, an average of 51 years represented by 32 women (94.11%) and 2 men (5.88%). Most tumors (41.17 %) were between 1 and 2cm. Most patients showed low risk of recurrence, and all were surgically treated. Conclusion: The most frequent differentiated tumor was the papillary one. Its prevalence was on women, with an average age at diagnosis of 51 years. There were only two patients with recurrent disease, and one with metastasis to the lung that died. (AU)

Histological variants and prognostic factors of papillary thyroid carcinoma at the Colombian Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, 2006-2012 / Variantes histológicas y factores pronósticos del carcinoma papilar de tiroides en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Colombia, 2006-2012

Introduction: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine neoplasia and the papillary subtype is the most frequent; there are histological and clinical factors associated with a higher risk of recurrence and metastasis. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the histological, prognostic and clinical characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinomas diagnosed at the National Cancer Institute of Colombia. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out on 619 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma between 2006 and 2012; we analyzed the sociodemographic, histological, prognostic and clinical characteristics. Results: 87.7% of cases were women. The presence of two or more variants in the same case was considered a particular variant, which we called combined pattern. Combined pattern was then the most frequent (50.9%), followed by the follicular variant (23.4%) including subtypes encapsulated and unencapsulated, and the classic variant (22.1%). Mean tumor size was 20.8 mm. More than half of the cases had capsular invasion, extrathyroidal invasion and lymph node involvement. When compared with the other variants, the combined pattern carcinomas had a higher risk of invasion of the thyroid capsule, extraganglionar invasion and metastasis. Conclusions: Our results are in many aspects similar to those already reported. However, the presence of the combined pattern implied a higher risk for capsular invasion, nodal involvement, extranodal involvement and metastasis in comparison with those which had just one variant. Further studies are necessary to confirm these results.

Introducción. El cáncer de tiroides es la neoplasia más común y el subtipo papilar es el más frecuente; hay factores histológicos y clínicos asociados con un mayor riesgo de recidiva y metástasis. Objetivo. Examinar las características histológicas, clínicas y de pronóstico de los carcinomas papilares de tiroides diagnosticados en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de cohorte retrospectiva que incluyó a 619 pacientes con carcinoma papilar de tiroides entre 2006 y 2012; se analizaron las características sociodemográficas, histológicas, de pronóstico y clínicas. Resultados. El 87,7% de casos correspondió a mujeres. La presencia de dos o más variantes histológicas en un mismo caso se consideró como una variante a la cual se denominó patrón combinado; esta fue la más frecuente (50,9 %), seguida de la variante folicular (23,4 %), incluidos los subtipos encapsulados o no encapsulado y la variante clásica (22,1 %). El promedio del tamaño tumoral fue de 20,8 mm. En más de la mitad de los casos se evidenció invasión capsular, invasión extratiroidea y metástasis en ganglios linfáticos. Comparados con otras variantes histológicas, los carcinomas con patrón combinado presentaron mayor riesgo de invasión de la cápsula tiroidea, de invasión extraganglionar y de metástasis. Conclusión. En muchos aspectos los resultados fueron similares a los reportados previamente; sin embargo, se encontró que la presencia del patrón combinado aumentaba el riesgo de invasión capsular, metástasis en nódulos linfoides y extensión extratiroidea en comparación con los que tenían una sola variante. Sería necesario hacer estudios acerca del mecanismo biológico de la diferenciación en células cancerosas con el fin de ahondar sobre este fenómeno.