RESUMO
O Diabetes mellitus (DM) tipo 2 é uma doença crônica de prevalência crescente que promove grande aumento na morbimortalidade da população brasileira. Neste trabalho foi avaliada a importância de uma dieta saudável e da prática regular de atividade física na prevenção e controle desta enfermidade. Mudanças nos hábitos alimentares, como a diminuição do consumo de gorduras saturadas e açúcares e o aumento do consumo de fibras, são fatores que influenciam diretamente na prevenção e tratamento do DM tipo 2. A prática de exercícios resistidos associada ao exercício aeróbio regular tem demonstrado eficácia na prevenção e principalmente, na melhoria da qualidade de vida do paciente diabético. Essas mudanças de estilo de vida devem ser prioridades na área da Saúde Pública, a fim de deter o avanço do DM tipo 2 e proporcionar melhores condições de vida ao indivíduo já acometido pela doença.
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with a high prevalence and morbimortality in the Brazilian population. The aim of this work was evaluated non pharmacological aspects in order to prevent and control this disease. A change in the alimentary habits, a reduced consumption of saturated fats and sugars associated to an increased fibres consumption, are important factors that could directly influence in the prevention and treatment of the Diabetes of type 2. The resistance training associated to aerobics exercises have been useful in the prevention and in the improvement of the quality in life of diabetic patients. Lifestyle changes should be prioritized by Public Health authorities in order to control the type 2 diabetes, as well as providing better conditions of life to the individual with this illness already set.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Dieta , Atividade MotoraRESUMO
Objetivo: Evaluar el cumplimiento de las metas básicas de tratamiento de personas que asisten a los Grupos de Ayuda Mutua (GAM) de la Secretaría de Salud de México (SS), por padecer diabetes tipo 2. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal comparativo realizado en 15 estados de la república mexicana, a través de los reportes del cumplimiento de las metas básicas de tratamiento de integrantes de los GAM para junio de 2001, que se comparan con las cifras reportadas por el Sistema de Información en Salud para Población Abierta (SISPA) de la Secretaría de Salud en la misma fecha. Las variables estudiadas son: edad, sexo, glucemia, presión arterial, índice de masa corporal, actividad física y tratamiento farmacológico. Resultados: Se evaluó el cumplimiento de las metas básicas de tratamiento de 6,958 personas con diabetes, que asisten a los GAM de la Secretaría de Salud (SS) en 15 de los 32 estados de la república mexicana incluido el Distrito Federal. Al comparar las frecuencias de diabéticos controlados en los GAM y el SISPA, se apreció un diferencial, observándose una tendencia a estar más controlados en los GAM; al analizar con la prueba "t" de Student las diferencias resultaron significativas, con p < 0.005. El grupo de diabéticos obesos tuvieron un riesgo mayor de estar descontrolados, en relación al grupo de diabéticos no obesos, con una razón de momios de 1.18, IC 1.06 - 1.32 y P < 0.002. Al comparar el grupo sedentario con el no sedentario se encontró que los diabéticos sedentarios presentaban 1.56 veces más riesgo de estar descontrolados que el grupo de diabéticos que realizaba actividad física, por una razón de productos cruzados de 1.56, con IC 1.37 - 1.78 y P < 0.001. Conclusiones: Los Grupos de Ayuda Mutua son una estrategia fundamental en la línea educativa para mejorar el control de la enfermedad, ya que las personas con diabetes o hipertensión y sus familiares juegan un papel activo en el cumplimiento del desarrollo del tratamiento, así como en la prevención y control de la enfermedad. A diferencia con lo reportado en el SISPA, en los GAM se logran beneficios mayores en el control de las personas con diabetes o hipertensión.
Objective: To evaluate the accomplishment of the treatment basic goals of every person with diabetes type 2 that attend the Mutual Help Groups (GAM) of the Mexican Ministry of Health (SS). Material and methods: This transversal comparative study was carried out in 15 Mexican states, through the accomplishment reports of the treatment basic goals of the GAM integrants by June of 2001, compared to the reported figures by the Health Information System for Open Population (SISPA), Ministry of Health on the same date. The studied variables are: age, sex, blood glucose, blood pressure, body mass index, physical activity and pharmacological treatment. Results: The treatment basic goals accomplishment for 6, 958 people with diabetes was evaluated, all of them attended the Ministry of Health GAMs, in 15 of the 32 Mexican states including the Federal District. When comparing frequencies of patients with diabetes controlled by the GAM and the SISPA, a differential was appreciated, being observed a tendency that showed that people in the GAM were much more controlled; when analyzing with the test Student "t" the differences were even more significant (p < 0.005). The obese diabetics group had a higher risk of being uncontrolled, in relation to the group of non-obese diabetics (OR 1.8, CI: 1.06,1.32; p < 0.002). When comparing the sedentary to the non-sedentary group it was found that the sedentary diabetics presented 1.56 times higher risk of being uncontrolled, that those in the diabetes group that carried out physical activity (CI: 1.37,1.78; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The Mutual Help Groups are a fundamental strategy in the educational line for improving the disease control, since people with diabetes or hypertension and their relatives play an active role in treatment development accomplishment, as well as in the disease prevention and control. Unlike to that reported in the SISPA, the highest benefits of control, are achieved in people with diabetes or hypertension who attend the GAM.