Complicaciones de la hernioplastia inguinal laparoscópica / Complications of laparoscopic inguinal hernioplasty / Complicações da herniplastia inguinal laparoscópica

Las hernias que se ubican en la pared abdominal son consideradas una patología de alta prevalencia en la población mundial, ya que se estima que el 55 % de las personas se ve afectada en algún momento de su vida por esta enfermedad. Además, se someten anualmente más de 20 millones de pacientes a nivel mundial a reparación de hernia inguinal, como gran parte de estos pacientes presentan comorbilidades, es importante conocer las complicaciones que conlleva este procedimiento. Objetivo. Identificar estrategias para reducir la incidencia de complicaciones y mejorar los resultados a largo plazo de la hernioplastia inguinal laparoscópica. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión sistemática, de estudios observacionales, donde las principales bases de datos utilizados fueron PubMed y Google Scholar cuyos descriptores DeCS-MeSH se presentan con el siguiente algoritmo de búsqueda "Complications" AND "laparoscopic" AND "inguinal" AND "hernioplasty". Se incluyeron los trabajos relacionados con el tema de investigación, publicados en español o inglés en periodos más recientes o publicados dentro de los últimos 5 años. Conclusión. La incidencia de hernias inguinales aumenta con la edad, especialmente entre la quinta y la séptima década de la vida por lo cual conlleva a complicaciones que van desde morbilidad de la herida, recurrencia de la hernia, dolor crónico y problemas relacionados con la malla. A pesar de las complicaciones que presenta la reparación de hernia inguinal vía laparoscópica es una de las técnicas más usada actualmente y que brinda una recuperación más rápida.

Hernias located in the abdominal wall are considered a highly prevalent pathology in the world population, since it is estimated that 55% of people are affected at some point in their lives by this disease. In addition, more than 20 million patients worldwide undergo inguinal hernia repair every year. Since most of these patient's present comorbidities, it is important to know the complications that this procedure entails. Objective. To identify strategies to reduce the incidence of complications and improve long-term outcomes of laparoscopic inguinal hernioplasty. Methodology. A systematic review of observational studies was performed, where the main databases used were PubMed and Google Scholar whose DeCS-MeSH descriptors are presented with the following search algorithm "Complications" AND "laparoscopic" AND "inguinal" AND "hernioplasty". Papers related to the research topic, published in Spanish or English in more recent periods or published within the last 5 years, were included. Conclusion. The incidence of inguinal hernias increases with age, especially between the fifth and seventh decade of life, which leads to complications ranging from wound morbidity, hernia recurrence, chronic pain and mesh-related problems. In spite of the complications, laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair is one of the most widely used techniques today and provides a faster recovery.

As hérnias localizadas na parede abdominal são consideradas uma patologia altamente prevalente na população mundial, pois estima-se que 55% das pessoas sejam afetadas em algum momento de suas vidas por essa doença. Além disso, mais de 20 milhões de pacientes em todo o mundo são submetidos a reparos de hérnia inguinal todos os anos. Como muitos desses pacientes têm comorbidades, é importante estar ciente das complicações associadas a esse procedimento. Objetivo. Identificar estratégias para reduzir a incidência de complicações e melhorar os resultados de longo prazo da hernioplastia inguinal laparoscópica. Metodologia. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de estudos observacionais, em que os principais bancos de dados utilizados foram o PubMed e o Google Scholar, cujos descritores DeCS-MeSH são apresentados com o seguinte algoritmo de pesquisa: "Complications" AND "laparoscopic" AND "inguinal" AND "hernioplasty". Foram incluídos artigos relacionados ao tópico da pesquisa, publicados em inglês ou espanhol em períodos mais recentes ou publicados nos últimos 5 anos. Conclusão. A incidência de hérnias inguinais aumenta com a idade, especialmente entre a quinta e a sétima década de vida, levando a complicações que vão desde a morbidade da ferida, recorrência da hérnia, dor crônica e problemas relacionados à malha. Apesar das complicações, a correção laparoscópica da hérnia inguinal é uma das técnicas mais usadas atualmente e proporciona uma recuperação mais rápida.

Hernia pulmonar intercostal espontánea. Informe de caso y revisión de la literatura / Spontaneous intercostal pulmonary hernia. A case report and literature review

RESUMEN La hernia pulmonar o neumocele es la protrusión del parénquima pulmonar a través de un defecto de la pared torácica. Solo se ha reportado una veintena de casos en la última década. Se presentó el caso de un paciente masculino de 86 años, con antecedentes de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, que acudió a consulta por la presencia de una masa en región lateral izquierda del tórax de 6 meses de evolución, con aumento de tamaño y presencia de dolor tras una crisis de su enfermedad de base. Por pruebas de imágenes se diagnosticó una hernia pulmonar intercostal espontánea, secundaria a una diastasis del espacio intercostal entre la octava y novena costilla. Los familiares se negaron a la corrección quirúrgica del defecto en la pared. La hernia pulmonar espontánea debe ser considerada en pacientes con factores de riesgo de aumento de la presión intratorácica, que acudan a consulta por dolor torácico, masa suave focalizada en la pared y tos persistente.

ABSTRACT Pulmonary hernia or pneumocele is the protrusion of the pulmonary parenchyma through a defect in the thoracic wall. Only 20 cases were reported in the last decade. It was presented the case of a male patient, aged 86 years. With a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, who assisted the consultation because of presenting a mass in the left lateral region of the thorax of 6 months of evolution, with increase in size and pain after a crisis of his underlying disease. By imaging study it was diagnosed a spontaneous intercostal pulmonary hernia, secondary to a diastasis of the intercostal space between the eighth and ninth ribs. Relatives refused the surgical correction of the wall defect. Spontaneous pulmonary hernia should be considered in patients at risk of intra-thoracic pressure increase who assist to consultation due to thoracic pain, focalized soft mass in the wall and persistent cough.

Sensitivity of Laségue Sign and Slump Test in Hernia and Disc Bulging Diagnoses Compared with Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Sensibilidade das manobras de Laségue e de slump nos diagnósticos de hérnia e abaulamento discal em comparação com ressonância magnética

Abstract Objective To show the accuracy of the most used maneuvers in the clinical diagnosis of lumbosciatalgia, the slump test and the Laségue sign. Methods In order to perform the present study, 101 patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) discopathy (gold standard) were selected and had their medical records reviewed to identify which had the positive maneuvers on the initial physical examination. Results The sensitivity found for the slump test and the Laségue sign in the diagnosis of disc herniation was 55.3% and 18.1%, respectively. Nonetheless, when they were compared with each other for the diagnosis of disc bulging, the sensitivity obtained was of 85.7% for the slump test and of 28.6% for the Laségue sign. Conclusion Comparing both clinical exams with MRI, it was found that the slump test presents superior sensitivity compared with the Laségue sign for both the diagnosis of hernia and disc bulging, and should be more present in clinical practice.

Resumo Objetivo Mostrar a acurácia das manobras mais usadas no diagnóstico clínico da lombociatalgia, a manobra de slump ea de Laségue. Métodos Para a realização do presente estudo, foram selecionados 101 pacientes com discopatia na ressonância magnética (RM) (padrão ouro), sendo posteriormente realizada a revisão dos prontuários para identificar quais tiveram as manobras positivas no exame físico inicial. Resultados A sensibilidade encontrada para as manobras de slump e Laségue no diagnóstico de hérnia discal foi respectivamente 55,3% e 18,1%. Já quando comparamos as manobras para o diagnóstico de abaulamento discal, a sensibilidade obtida foi de 85,7% para a manobra de slump e de 28,6% para a manobra de Laségue. Conclusão Foi constatado que a manobra de slump apresenta sensibilidade superior à da manobra de Laségue tanto para o diagnóstico de hérnia quanto para o de abaulamento discal quando comparadas a RM, e deveria estar mais presente na prática clínica.

Femoral hernia: uncommon, but associated with potentially severe complications / Hérnia femoral: incomum, mas associada a complicações potencialmente graves

ABSTRACT Background: Although the laparoscopic access is becoming the preferable treatment for femoral hernia, there are only few studies on this important subject. Aim: To assess the outcomes of the totally extraperitoneal laparoscopic (TEP) access in the treatment of femoral hernia. Methods: Data of 62 patients with femoral hernia who underwent herniorrhaphy were retrospectively reviewed. The diagnosis of femoral hernia was established by clinical and/or imaging exams in 55 patients and by laparoscopic findings in seven. Results: There were 55 (88.7%) females and 7 (11.3%) males, with female to male ratio of 8:1. The mean age was of 58.9±15.9 years, ranging from 22 to 92 years. Most patients (n=53; 85.5%) had single hernia and the remaining (n=9; 14.5%) bilateral, making a total of 71 hernias operated. Prior lower abdominal operations were recorded in 21 (33.9%) patients. Conversion to laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal procedure was performed in four (6.5%). Open herniorrhaphy was needed in two (3.2%), one with spontaneous enterocutaneous fistula in the groin region (Richter's hernia) and the another with incidental perforation of the adjacent small bowel that occurred during dissection of hernia sac. There was no mortality. Conclusion: Femoral hernia is uncommon, and it may be associated with potentially severe complications. Most femoral hernias may be successfully treated with totally extraperitoneal laparoscopic access, with low conversion and complication rates.

RESUMO Racional: Embora o acesso laparoscópico esteja se tornando o tratamento preferencial para a hérnia femoral, poucos são os estudos sobre esse importante assunto. Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados do acesso laparoscópico totalmente extraperitoneal no tratamento da hérnia femoral. Métodos: Os dados de 62 pacientes com hérnia femoral que foram submetidos a herniorrafia foram revisados ​​retrospectivamente. O diagnóstico foi estabelecido por exames clínicos e/ou de imagem em 55 pacientes e por achados laparoscópicos em sete. Resultados: Havia 55 (88,7%) mulheres e 7 (11,3%) homens, com proporção feminino/masculino de 8: 1. A média de idade foi de 58,9±15,9 anos (22-92). A maioria (n=53, 85,5%) apresentava hérnia única e o restante (n=9, 14,5%) bilaterais, perfazendo um total de 71 hérnias femorais operadas. Operações prévias no abdome inferior foram registradas em 21 (33,9%) pacientes. A conversão para procedimento pré-peritoneal transabdominal laparoscópico foi realizada em quatro (6,5%). Herniorrafia aberta foi necessária em dois pacientes (3,2%), um com fístula enterocutânea espontânea na região da virilha (hérnia de Richter) e o outro com perfuração incidental do intestino delgado adjacente que ocorreu durante a dissecção do saco herniário. Não houve mortalidade. Conclusão: A hérnia femoral é incomum e pode estar associada a complicações potencialmente graves. A maioria das hérnias femorais pode ser tratada com sucesso através do acesso laparoscópico totalmente extraperitoneal, com baixas taxas de conversão e complicações.

Tratamiento de eventraciones gigantes con cirugía de separación de componentes más turn over flap aponeurótico / Giant ventral hernia treatment with components separation technique and aponeurotic turn over flap

Resumen Objetivo: Demostrar la anatomía y aplicación de la vaina anterior de los rectos para la reparación de defectos herniarios gigantes de la línea media abdominal mediante la cirugía de separación de componentes más la aplicación de un colgajo aponeurótico tipo turn over. Materiales y Método: Disección anatómica con descripción vascular y dinámica de la vaina anterior de los rectos. Posterior aplicación de la técnica en pacientes con hernias gigantes de la línea media. Seguimiento clínico de recidiva y complicaciones locales como sistémicas. Resultados: 8 pacientes fueron seleccionados. La edad promedio fue de 58,6 años y el tamaño del defecto hemiario 19,6 cm. En todos los pacientes se pudo aplicar la técnica sin inconvenientes. Sólo 1 paciente presentó una complicación local (dehiscencia y necrosis parcial del colgajo cutáneo) que se manejó con resección y reavance sin incidentes. No se describen complicaciones sistémicas ni mortalidad. Discusión: Las hernias abdominales gigantes y con pérdida a derecho de domicilio son un desafío quirúrgico. Se han desarrollado importantes avances con abordajes quirúrgicos innovadores. Nuevos materiales biológicos y sintéticos se han convertido en una parte integral del arsenal quirúrgico, sin embargo, involucran muchas veces asumir grandes costos y complicaciones propias a los materiales utilizados, además, de no cumplir con la adaptación dinámica adecuada de la pared requerida. Conclusión: Esta modificación técnica es segura, útil y accesible para los pacientes con eventraciones gigantes. La tasa de complicaciones es baja y está dada principalmente por problemas relacionados al sufrimiento de los colgajos cutáneos.

Aim: To demonstrate the anatomy and application of the anterior rectus sheet in the repair of giant abdominal wall hernias through a classic component surgery plus a turn over flap. Materials and Method: Anatomic dissection with vascular and dynamic description of the anterior rectus sheet. Posterior application of the technique in patients with giant abdominal wall hernias. Clinical follow up of recurrence, local and systemic complications. Results: 8 patients were selected. The average age was 58.6 years old and the abdominal wall defect 19.6 cm wide. The technique could be applied in every patient without inconveniences. Only 1 patient had a complication (dehiscence and partial skin flap necrosis) that was successfully treated with resection and readvancement. No systemic complications nor mortality was described. Discussion: Giant abdominal wall hernias are a surgical challenge. Great and innovative advances have been made. New biological and synthetic materials have been developed, nevertheless they frequently involve great costs and complications related to them. Also, they do not adapt adequately to the dynamic required for the abdominal wall. Conclusion: This technical modification is useful, safe and accessible for the patients who present giant wall hernias. The complication rate is low and it's principally given from problems related to skin flap blood flow.

Técnica mínimamente invasiva en paciente con multimorbilidad crónica y hernia inguinal complicada: reporte de caso / A minimally invasive technique in a patient with chronic multimorbidity and complicated inguinal hernia: case report

El paciente con multimorbilidad crónica forma parte de una población que se ha incrementado en los últimos años. La hernia inguinal incarcerada representa una emergencia. El abordaje transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) presenta ventajas para evaluar el contenido de la hernia. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 77 años con múltiples comorbilidades y cirugías abdominales previas, que se presentó con cuadro de oclusión intestinal. En tomografía computada: asa de intestino delgado incarcerada en región inguinal. Se observó asas intestinales dilatadas con cambio de calibre en región inguinal izquierda. Se retiró asa intestinal atascada en hernia directa. Se disecó defecto herniario y se colocó malla de 10 x 15 cm en espacio preperitoneal. La técnica TAPP es eficaz y segura para la reparación de hernias complicadas en pacientes con multimorbilidad crónica, en manos de cirujanos experimentados.

The patient with chronic multimorbidity is part of a population that has increased in recent years. Incarcerated inguinal hernia represents an emer-gency. The preperitoneal transabdominal approach (TAPP) has advantages to evaluate the content of the hernia. A 77-years-old man with multiple comorbidities and previous abdominal surgeries presented with intestinal occlusion. Computed tomography: small bowel loop incarcerated in the inguinal region. The cavity is inspected by observing dilated intestinal loops with a change of caliber in the left inguinal region. The intestinal loop is removed observing a direct hernia. The hernia defect is repaired, and 10 x 15 cm mesh is placed in the preperitoneal space. The TAPP te-chnique is effective and safe for the repair of complicated hernias in patients with chronic multimorbidity, in the hands of experienced surgeons.

Primary abandon-of-the-sac (pas) technique: preliminary results of a novel minimally invasive approach for inguinoscrotal hernia repair / Técnica do abandono primário do saco herniário (pas): resultados preliminares de uma nova técnica na cirurgia minimamente invasiva de hérnias inguinoescrotais

ABSTRACT Background: Laparoscopic best approach of repairing inguinoscrotal hernias are still debatable. Incorrect handling of the distal sac can possibly result in damage to cord structures and negative postoperative outcomes as ischemic orquitis or inguinal neuralgia. Aim: To describe a new technique for a minimally invasive approach to inguinoscrotal hernias and to analyze the preliminary results of patients undergoing the procedure. Methods: A review of a prospectively maintained database was conducted in patients who underwent minimally invasive repair using the "primary abandon-of-the-sac" (PAS) technique for inguinoscrotal hernias. Patient´s demographics, as well as intraoperative variables and postoperative outcomes were also analyzed. Results: Twenty-six male were submitted to this modified procedure. Mean age of the case series was 53.8 years (range 34-77) and body mass index was 26.8 kg/m2 (range 20.8-34.2). There were no intraoperative complications or conversion. Average length of stay was one day. No surgical site infections, pseudo hydrocele or neuralgia were reported after the procedure and two patients presented seroma. No inguinal hernia recurrence was verified during the mean 21.4 months of follow up. Conclusion: The described technique is safe, feasible and reproducible, with good postoperative results.

RESUMO Racional: A melhor maneira laparoscópica do reparo de hérnias inguinoescrotais permanece ainda aberta a discussão. O manuseio incorreto do saco herniário pode resultar em danos às estruturas do cordão e resultados pós-operatórios indesejados, como orquite isquêmica ou neuralgia inguinal. Objetivo: Descrever uma nova técnica de abordagem minimamente invasiva das hérnias inguinoescrotais e analisar os resultados preliminares de pacientes submetidos ao procedimento. Métodos: Foi realizada na série de casos a análise retrospectiva de um banco de dados mantido prospectivamente em pacientes submetidos a reparo minimamente invasivo usando a técnica "abandono primário do saco" (PAS) para hérnias inguinoescrotais. Dados demográficos dos pacientes, bem como variáveis intraoperatórias e resultados pós-operatórios são descritos. Resultados: Vinte e seis homens foram submetidos ao procedimento. A idade média foi de 53,8 anos e o índice de massa corpórea de 26,8 kg/m2. Não houve complicações intraoperatórias ou conversão para operação aberta. A duração média da estadia hospitalar foi de um dia. Não foram relatadas infecções de sítio cirúrgico, hematomas ou neuralgia após o procedimento e a presença de seroma ocorreu em dois pacientes. Nenhuma recorrência de hérnia inguinal foi verificada durante média de 21,4 meses. Conclusão: A técnica descrita é segura e replicável, apresentando bons resultados pós-operatórios.

Hiatal hernia repair: prevention of mesh erosion and migration into the esophagogastric junction / Correção de hérnia hiatal: prevenção de erosão e migração de tela na junção esofagogástrica

ABSTRACT Background: Erosion and migration into the esophagogastric lumen after laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair with mesh placement has been published. Aim: To present surgical maneuvers that seek to diminish the risk of this complication. Method: We suggest mobilizing the hernia sac from the mediastinum and taking it down to the abdominal position with its blood supply intact in order to rotate it behind and around the abdominal esophagus. The purpose is to cover the on-lay mesh placed in "U" fashion to reinforce the crus suture. Results: We have performed laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair in 173 patients (total group). Early postoperative complications were observed in 35 patients (27.1%) and one patient died (0.7%) due to a massive lung thromboembolism. One hundred twenty-nine patients were followed-up for a mean of 41+28months. Mesh placement was performed in 79 of these patients. The remnant sac was rotated behind the esophagus in order to cover the mesh surface. In this group, late complications were observed in five patients (2.9%). We have not observed mesh erosion or migration to the esophagogastric lumen. Conclusion: The proposed technique should be useful for preventing erosion and migration into the esophagus.

RESUMO Racional: Com a colocação de tela foi têm sido publicadas erosões e migrações para o lúmen esofagogástrico após correção de hérnia hiatal laparoscópica. Objetivo: Apresentar manobras cirúrgicas que buscam diminuir o risco dessa complicação. Método: Sugerimos mobilizar o saco de hérnia do mediastino e levá-lo à posição abdominal com o suprimento sanguíneo intacto, a fim de girá-lo para trás e ao redor do esôfago abdominal. O objetivo é cobrir a malha colocada sobre a forma "U" para reforçar a sutura da crura haital. Resultados: Realizamos reparo laparoscópico de hérnia hiatal em 173 pacientes (grupo total). Complicações pós-operatórias precoces foram observadas em 35 pacientes (27,1%) e um morreu (0,7%) devido a tromboembolismo pulmonar maciço. Cento e vinte e nove pacientes foram acompanhados por média de 41+28 meses. A colocação da tela foi realizada em 79 desses pacientes. O saco remanescente foi girado atrás do esôfago para cobrir a superfície da tela. Nesse grupo, complicações tardias foram observadas em cinco pacientes (2,9%). Não observamos erosão da tela ou migração dela para o lúmen esofagogástrico. Conclusão: A técnica proposta pode ser útil para prevenir a erosão e a migração para o esôfago de telas na correção de hérnias hiatais.

Aplicación del ozono interescalénico en la radiculopatía cervical por hernia discal / Application of intercalenic ozone in cervical radiculopathy due to herniated disc

Introducción: el ozono es un gas médico descrito desde el siglo XIX que ha tenido su evolución hasta a la fecha en cuanto a sus aplicaciones y su utilidad en diversas enfermedades por su actuación a nivel molecular y en disímiles enfermedades asociadas a procesos dolorosos de origen inflamatorio como los presentes en las hernia discales de la columna vertebral. Método: estudio retrospectivo con 20 pacientes atendidos en la consulta externa de Neurocirugía del Hospital Miguel Enríquez desde de Diciembre 2016 hasta Abril 2017 con el diagnostico de una radiculopatía cervical por hernia discal. Se le aplicó 10 ML de ozono con una concentración 22 mg/litro tres veces en la semana durante 10 semanas solamente se utilizó este tipo de terapia; obteniendo mejoría en 15 pacientes. Resultados: predominando los mayores de 51 años para un 50 por ciento, en nuestra serie predominó el sexo femenino para un 80 por ciento. En cuanto al cuadro clínico prevaleció la disminución de la fuerza muscular para un 60 por ciento en 12 pacientes, seguidos del dolor cervical y el interescapular para un 75 por ciento y 55 por ciento respectivamente. Se halló mejoría en 15 pacientes para un 75 por ciento y en los otros 5, en tres pacientes no continuaron el tratamiento y en dos no se obtuvo mejoría. Conclusiones: tenemos otra alternativa en la aplicación del ozono por el espacio interescalénico como tratamiento analgésicos y antiinflamatorio en las radiculopatía por hernia discales cervicales(AU)

Introduction: Ozone is a medical gas described since the nineteenth century that has had its evolution up to date in terms of its applications and its usefulness in various diseases for its performance at the molecular level and dissimilar diseases associated with painful processes of inflammatory origin such as those present in herniated discs of the spine. Method: Retrospective study with 20 patients assisted in the outpatient consultation of the Miguel Enríquez Hospital from December 2016 to April 2017 with the diagnosis of a cervical radiculopathy by herniated disc. 10 ML of ozone applied with a concentration of 22 mg/liter three times in the week for 10 weeks only this type of therapy used getting improvement in 15 patients. Results: predominating the older than 51 years for 50 percent, in our series predominated the female sex for 80 percent .As for the clinical picture, decreased muscle strength was prevailed for 60 percent in 12 patients, followed by cervical pain and interescapular for 75 percent and 55 percent respectively. We found improvement in 15 patients for 75 percent and in the other 5, in 3 patients did not continue the treatment and in two, no improvement obtained. Conclusions: We have another alternative in the application of ozone by the intercalenic space as analgesic and anti-inflammatory treatment in cervical herniated discus radiculopathy(AU)

Avaliação clínica e endoscópica em pacientes com sintomas gastroesofágicos / Clinical and endoscopic evaluation in patients with gastroesophageal symptoms

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common esophageal disease in medical practice, and it is suspected according to patients' symptoms. GERD can be classified in erosive esophagitis (EE) according to the presence of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy findings. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate endoscopic findings in patients with symptoms suggestive of GERD comparing epicemiological and risk factors. METHODS: Upper endoscopy reports were examined retrospectively from patients with symptoms of GERD such as heartburn, regurgitation, cough, throat clearing, globus and chest pain. EE was determined based on Los Angeles classification. Comparisons between risk factors in EE and non-EE groups were done with statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 984 endoscopic reports were examined and 676 selected for analysis (281 with EE and 395 with non-EE form). Most were female 381 (56.36%) with a mean age of 44.01±15.40 years. Hiatal hernia was present in 47(6.96%) and smoking in 41(6.07%). Univariate logistic regression showed that male (OR=2.24, CI 95%, 1.63-3.06) and hiatal hernia (OR=4.52, CI 95%, 2.30-8.89) were independent predictors of erosions in the EE group. The presence of hiatal hernia (OR=12.04, CI 95%, 3.57-40.62), smoking (OR=8.46, CI 95%, 3.28-31.32) and aged patients (OR=8.01, CI 95%, 2.42-26.49) were also indicated as a risk factor for severe EE (grades C and D of Los Angeles). CONCLUSION Male gender and hiatal hernia were associated with EE. Aged patients, smoking and hiatal hernia were related to severe EE. It is suggested that the risk factors for EE and non-EE types are different. Cohort studies are necessary to identify the exact mechanisms involved in each disease form.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE) é uma das doenças digestivas mais comuns na prática médica e deve ser suspeitada de acordo com os seus sintomas clínicos, podendo ser classificada em esofagite erosiva (EE) de acordo com os achados de endoscopia. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os achados endoscópicos em pacientes com sintomas sugestivos de DGRE comparando fatores de risco e epidemiológicos. MÉTODOS: Resultados de endoscopias digestiva foram examinados retrospectivamente de pacientes com sintomas relacionados com DRGE como pirose, regurgitação, tosse, pigarro, globus e dor torácica. EE foi determinada de acordo com a classificação de Los Angeles. Comparação de fatores de risco entre os grupos EE e não-EE foram feitos com análise estatística. RESULTADOS: Um total de 984 endoscopias foram examinadas e 676 endoscopias selecionadas para análise (281 com EE e 395 sem EE). A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo feminino 381 (56,36%) com uma idade média de 44,01±15,40 anos. Hérnia hiatal esteve presente em 47 (6,96%) e tabagismo em 41 (6,07%). Regressão logística uni variada mostrou que sexo masculino (OR=2,24 - IC 95%: 1,63-3,06) e hérnia hiatal (OR=4,52 - CI 95%: 2,30-8,89) foram fatores de risco independentes de EE. A presença de hérnia hiatal (OR=12,04 - CI 95%: 3,57-40,62), tabagismo (OR=8,46 - CI 95%: 3,28-31,32) e pacientes idosos (OR=8,01 - CI 95%, 2,42-26,49) foram fatores de risco no grupo de EE grave (classes C e D de Los Angeles). CONCLUSÃO: Sexo masculino e hérnia hiatal foram associados com EE. Idade avançada, tabagismo e hérnia hiatal foram relacionados à forma grave de EE. É sugerido que os fatores de risco de pacientes com e sem EE sejam diferentes. Estudos de coorte são necessários para identificar os mecanismos exatos envolvidos em cada forma da doença.

Cirugía abdominal laparoscópica en el adulto mayor / Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery in the Aged Adult

RESUMEN Introducción: La cirugía de mínimo acceso en general y en particular la abdominal laparoscópica ha revolucionado la cirugía ofreciendo mejoría en la calidad de vida de los pacientes lo cual se hace más evidente en los adultos mayores. Objetivo: Describir la efectividad y seguridad de la cirugía abdominal laparoscópica en el adulto mayor. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva en una serie consecutiva de 204 adultos mayores con indicación de cirugía abdominal laparoscópica en el Centro Nacional de Cirugía de Mínimo Acceso en el primer semestre del año 2017. Resultados: La edad mediana fue de 68,0 (60-90) años, predominó el sexo femenino (71,6 por ciento). La comorbilidad en 180 pacientes (88,2 por ciento). La litiasis vesicular (43,2 por ciento), hernia inguinal (14,1 por ciento) y afecciones colorrectales (12,2 por ciento) fueron los diagnósticos más frecuentes mientras que la colecistectomía laparoscópica (44,1 por ciento), hernioplastia inguinal (14,1 por ciento) y la cirugía colorrectal (12,2 por ciento) las técnicas más realizadas. La mediana del tiempo quirúrgico fue 60,0 (15-360) minutos. Hubo una tasa de complicaciones de 6,9 por ciento, de conversión de 3,4 por ciento, reintervención de 2,0 por ciento y mortalidad de 0,5 por ciento. La mediana de la estadía hospitalaria fue de 1,0 (1-52) días. El antecedente de cirugía por cáncer se asoció con la presencia de complicaciones, p=0,000. Conclusiones: La cirugía abdominal laparoscópica constituye una opción efectiva y segura para el adulto mayor(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Minimal access surgery in general, and particularly laparoscopic abdominal surgery, have revolutionized surgery that offers improvement in the quality of life of patients, which is more evident in older adults. Objective: To describe the effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic abdominal surgery in the aged adult. Methods: A descriptive investigation was carried out in a consecutive series of 204 aged adults with indication for laparoscopic abdominal surgery, at the National Center for Minimal Access Surgery, in the first semester of 2017. Results: The median age was 68.0 (60-90) years. The female sex predominated (71.6 percent). Comorbidity in 180 patients (88.2 percent). Vesicular lithiasis (43.2 percent), inguinal hernia (14.1 percent) and colorectal disorders (12.2 percent) were the most frequent diagnoses, while laparoscopic cholecystectomy (44.1 percent), inguinal hernioplasty (14.1 percent) and colorectal surgery (12.2 percent) were the most performed techniques. The median surgical time was 60.0 (15-360) minutes. There was a complication rate of 6.9 percent, a conversion rate of 3.4 percent, reintervention of 2.0 percent and mortality of 0.5 percent. The median of the hospital stay was 1.0 (1-52) days. The history of surgery for cancer was associated with the presence of complications, p=0.000. Conclusions: Laparoscopic abdominal surgery is an effective and safe option for the aged adult(AU)

Factores de riesgo asociados a la hernia inguinal recurrente en el adulto mayor / Risk factors associated with recurrent inguinal hernia in the elderly

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre algunos factores de riesgo y la hernia inguinal recurrente en el adulto mayor. Materiales y Método: Se realizó un estudio analítico de casos y controles en el decenio 2002-2011 en el Hospital "Celia Sánchez Manduley", de Manzanillo, Cuba. Se realizó inicialmente un análisis univariado, los factores que resultaron estadísticamente significativos en este último fueron escogidos para el análisis multivariado posterior. Resultados: En el análisis univariado se asociaron 11 variables a la recurrencia herniaria inguinal, excepto la Diabetes mellitus (p = 0,051). En el análisis multivariado se obtuvo un modelo más ajustado con las siguientes variables: demora mayor o igual a 3 años para la primera reparación (p = 0,00), cirugía urgente (p = 0,00) y deslizamiento de la hernia primaria (p = 0,00). Discusión: La demora en la cirugía implica que el paciente sea cada día más añoso y la hernia más compleja, aumentando el riesgo de padecer enfermedades crónicas que agravan el pronóstico dando lugar a la recurrencia herniaria. Por otro lado, los riesgos que implica llevar a cabo la cirugía en la hernia inguinal complicada: aumento del tiempo quirúrgico, edema y tumefacción del complejo músculo-fascioaponeurótico, así como por el riesgo de infección del sitio operatorio. En las hernias inguinales deslizadas las recidivas son más frecuentes, debiéndose probablemente al alto grado de complejidad desde el punto de vista de su reparación. Conclusión: La demora mayor o igual a 3 años para la primera reparación, la cirugía urgente y el deslizamiento de la hernia primaria se asociaron significativamente a la hernia inguinal recurrente en el adulto mayor.

Objective: To evaluate the association between some risk factors and recurrent inguinal hernia in the elderly. Materials and Method: An analytical case-control study was conducted in the 2002-2011 decade at the "Celia Sánchez Manduley" Hospital, of Manzanillo, Cuba. Initially, a univariate analysis was performed, factors that were statistically significant in the latter were chosen for the subsequent multivariate analysis. Results: In the univariate analysis, 11 variables were associated with inguinal hernia recurrence, except diabetes mellitus (p = 0.051). In the multivariate analysis a more adjusted model was obtained with the following variables: delay greater than or equal to 3 years for the first repair (p = 0.00), urgent surgery (p = 0.00) and sliding of the primary hernia (p = 0.00). Discussion: The delay in surgery implies that the patient is getting older and the hernia complex, increasing the risk of suffering from chronic diseases that aggravate the prognosis giving rise to hernia recurrence. On the other hand, the risks involved in carrying out surgery in complicated inguinal hernia: increased surgical time, edema and swelling of the muscle-fascio-aponeurotic complex, as well as the risk of infection of the operative site. In inguinal hernias slipped recurrences are more frequent, probably due to the high degree of complexity from the point of view of their repair. Conclusion: The delay greater than or equal to 3 years for the first repair, urgent surgery and the sliding of the primary hernia were associated significantly to recurrent inguinal hernia in the elderly

Hernioplastia inguinal con anestesia local y bloqueo nervioso: experiencia en el hospital Dr. Francisco Antonio Rísquez / Inguinal hernioplastia with local anesthesia and nervous block: experience in the hospital Dr. Francisco Antonio Rísquez

La anestesia local es una opción válida para realizar procedimientos quirúrgicos de pequeña o mediana consideración. Permite la deambulación y el alta precoz. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados del uso de anestesia local y bloqueo de los nervios ilioinguinal e iliohipogástrico, en pacientes a quienes se les realizó cura operatoria de hernia inguinal, en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital "Dr. Francisco Antonio Rísquez", en el periodo octubre 2017 - octubre 2018. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, transversal que incluyó 23 pacientes que aceptaron se le realizara la hernioplastia con anestesia local. Resultados: Se realizaron 46 curas operatorias de hernia inguinal, y en 23 se realizó con anestesia local (50 %). Predominaron pacientes masculinos (87 %), con una distribución bimodal en relación a la edad (26,1 % entre 30 y 39 años y entre 70 a 79 años). La hernia inguinal derecha fue la más frecuente con el 40 % (10 casos). Todos los pacientes reportaron una puntuación de 0-1 en la escala visual análoga, tanto en el transoperatorio como en el posoperatorio. El 96% de los pacientes logró una deambulación precoz (antes de 4 horas) y todos toleraron la vía oral antes de las dos horas en el posoperatorio. No se observó ninguna complicación en el transoperatorio; hubo 1 recidiva. Conclusiones: La cura operatoria de hernia inguinal con anestesia local, resultó ser efectiva y bien tolerada por los pacientes, brindando un reintegro casi inmediato a sus actividades, lo que representa una disminución en los costos intrahospitalarios(AU)

Local anesthesia is an option to perform surgical procedures of small or medium account. It allows the ambulation, and early discharge. Objective: To evaluate the results of the use of local anesthesia and nerve block ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric, in patients who underwent surgical cure of inguinal hernia, surgery of the Hospital "Dr. Francisco Antonio Rísquez" service, in the October 2017 period - October 2018. Methods: Prospective, cross-sectional study involving 23 patients who accepted it will be the hernioplasty under local anesthesia. Results: 46 surgical cure of inguinal hernia were performed, and in 23 was held with local anesthesia (50%). Dominated male patients (87%), with a bimodal distribution in relation to the age (26.1% between 30 and 39 years and between 70 to 79 years). Right inguinal hernia was the most frequent with 40% (10 cases). All patients reported a score of 0-1 in the Visual analog escale, both in the intraoperative and postoperative. 96% of patients achieved early ambulation (within 4 hours) and all tolerated the mouth before the two hours in the postoperative. There were no complications in the intraoperative; there was 1 recurrence. Conclusions: e surgical cure of inguinal hernia under local anesthesia, proved to be effective and well tolerated by the patients, providing a return almost immediately to their activities, which represents a decrease in hospital costs(AU)

Factores de riesgo de recidiva luego de la hernioplastia inguinal laparoscópica: seguimiento de una cohorte a 5 años / Risk factors for recurrence after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: a 5-year retrospective cohort study

Antecedentes: la hernioplastia inguinal laparoscópica ha demostrado múltiples beneficios. Sin embargo, la tasa de recidiva continúa siendo materia de estudio y controversia. Objetivo: analizar factores de riesgo de recidiva poshernioplastia inguinal laparoscópica con seguimiento posoperatorio alejado. Material y métodos: se incluyó una serie consecutiva de pacientes con hernioplastia inguinal laparoscópica (TAPP). Período: diciembre de 2012 hasta mayo de 2017, con seguimiento mínimo de 6 meses. Se dividió la muestra en dos grupos, G1: pacientes con recidiva y G2: pacientes sin recidiva. Se analizaron variables demográficas, quirúrgicas y resultados alejados a 5 años. Resultados: se realizaron 717 hernioplastias en 443 pacientes. El tabaquismo, una recidiva previa, la malla menor de 12 ×15 cm y cirugías realizadas por equipos con menos de 30 plásticas/año se relacionaron en forma significativa con recidiva en el análisis univariado (p < 0,05). Sin embargo, el tabaquismo y los pacientes operados por equipos de menor experiencia mostraron significancia estadística en el análisis multivariado (p < 0,01). Con un seguimiento de 2 años se detectó una tasa de recidiva de 1,5%, mientras que esa cifra ascendió a 2,6% (n = 19) a los 5 años. Conclusión: prolongar el tiempo de seguimiento más allá de los 2 años luego de la plástica inguinal laparoscópica permite una detección más precisa de la tasa de recidiva. En la presente serie, el tabaquismo y un equipo tratante de menor experiencia fueron factores que impactan de forma significativa en su desarrollo.

Background: The benefits of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair are multiple; however, the recurrence rate is still controversial and under debate. Objective: The aim of this study is tu analyze the risk factors associated with long-term recurrence after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Material and methods: The cohort was made up of consecutive patients undergoing transabdominal preperitoneal approach between December 2012 and May 2012, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. The sample was divided into two groups: G1 (patients with recurrence) and G2 (patients without recurrence). The demographic and clinical variables and the outcomes at 5 years were analyzed. Results: A total of 717 inguinal hernia repairs were performed in 443 patients. Smoking habits, previous recurrence, mesh size < 12 ×15 cm and surgeries carried out by surgical teams performing < 30 procedures per year were significantly associated with recurrence on univariate analysis (p < 0.05). but only smoking habits and surgeries performed by less experienced surgeons showed statistical significance on multivariate analysis (p < 0.01). Recurrence rate was 1.5% at years and increased to 2.6% (n = 19) at 5 years. Conclusion: Extending the follow-up period beyond 2 years after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair allows a more accurate detection of the recurrence rate. In this series, smoking habits and surgeries performed by less experienced surgeons were significantly associated with recurrences.

Nuestra experiencia y conducta terapéutica en la hernia inguinal complicada / Experiencia and therapeutic anagement with complicated inguinal hernia

Antecedentes: La hernia inguinal ó crural no tratada se complica frecuentemente con la incarceración o el estrangulamiento de la misma. Lugar de Aplicación: Servicio de Guardia Central. Hospital Nacional de Clínicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Diseño: Estudio Prospectivo y protocolizado. Material y método: Entre enero de 2000 y diciembre de 2015 fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente 118 pacientes con diagnóstico de hernia inguinal atascada. 90 correspondían al sexo masculino y 28 al sexo femenino, con un promedio de edad de 59 años. En relación a los síntomas el total de los pacientes presentaban dolor inguinocrural, acompañado de una tumoración irreductible. Fueron intervenidos bajo anestesia raquídea 72 casos, 28 generales, 11 peridural y 1 con anestesia local asistida. Resultados: En 96 pacientes se llevo a cabo la técnica de Bassini modificada, en los otros 22 casos la técnica de Mc Vay. En 38 oportunidades se realizó la resección de epiplón por estar comprometido, en 88 se complemento con una incisión relajadora tipo Tanner y en 5 pacientes se dejaron drenajes. En el control a los 7 días, se observo que 15 pacientes habían tenido seromas, en 3 casos presentaban dolor postoperatorio, 1 paciente tuvo un absceso y 19 presento un hematoma. En un control los 5 años que demostró que 3 pacientes presentaban dolor neuritíco y 8 habían recidivada su hernia. Conclusiones: La técnica de Bassini modificada en el tratamiento de las hernias inguinales atascadas es una opción valida y segura, obteniendo buenos resultados inmediatos y con una baja recidiva a largo plazo

Background: The non-operative treatment of both the inguinal and crural hernias can frequently be complicated by incarceration or strangulation of the hernia. Study ground: Emergency department, Clinical National Hospital, National University of Córdoba. Argentina. Design: Prospective and protocolized study. Material and Method: Between January 2000 through December 2015, 118 patients underwent operative procedures with diagnosis of obstruded inguinal hernia. There were 90 males and 28 females with an average age of 59 years. All of them had inguinal-crural pain and irreductible hernia. 72 cases were operated upon, with rachideal anesthesia, 28 with general anesthesia, 11 with peridural, and in 1 case, with local anesthesia. Results: 96 patients were operated with the Bassini´s modificated technique, 22 cases with the Mc Vay´s technique, and in 38 cases with the resection of the omentum. 88 patients received a Tanner´s incision and 5 cases needed a drainage. At the seventh day of control, 15 patients had seromas, 3 suffered postoperative pain, in one case an abscess was developed, and hematomas were observed in 19 cases. At the 5th year control, 3 patients had neuritic pain and 8 patients presented recurrent hernias . Discussion: Bassini´s modificated technique is a valid option for obstructed inguinal hernia with excellent close results and at long term, with a low recurrence rate.

Reconstrução de parede abdominal: série de casos / Reconstruction of the abdominal wall: a case series

Introdução: Os pacientes com defeitos de parede abdominal chegam ao consultório do cirurgião plástico em situações muitas vezes complexas, necessitando de abordagem cirúrgica avançada. Métodos: Estudo primário, retrospectivo e descritivo de pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos de reconstrução de parede abdominal pelo Serviço de Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (HC-UFPE). Resultados: Foram revisados e incluídos os prontuários de 18 pacientes, 15 (83,3%) do sexo feminino e 3 (16,7%) do masculino, com idade variando de 16 a 79 anos (média de 41 anos). Dezessete pacientes possuíam histórico de cirurgia prévia (94,4%), sendo a cesárea presente em 8 dos casos (44,4%), seguida de cirurgia oncológica com 6 (33,3%), cirurgia do trauma com 2 (11,1%) e bariátrica com 2 (11,1%). Em relação à etiologia do defeito, 8 (44,4%) eram decorrentes de fasciite necrosante, 4 (22,2%) de hérnia incisional, 2 (11,1%) por trauma, 2 (11,1%) por infecção de ferida operatória e 2 (11,1%) por neoplasia de parede abdominal, sendo somente um (5,5%) paciente com defeito de espessura total. A técnica cirúrgica de separação dos componentes foi realizada em 7 dos casos (38,9%), seguida de retalho de avanço simples em 6 (33,3%), fechamento com tela associado à abdominoplastia em 3 (16,7%), e expansor tecidual em 2 (11,1%). Quanto às complicações, houve 4 casos (22,2%). Conclusões: Defeitos de parede abdominal são casos desafiadores para o cirurgião plástico, seu tratamento se mostra árduo, porém com resultados satisfatórios mesmo nos casos mais severos.

Introduction: Patients with abdominal wall defects present challenging complications that require the use of advanced surgical approaches. Methods: This primary, retrospective, and descriptive study evaluated patients who underwent abdominal wall reconstruction at the Plastic Surgery Service of the Clinics Hospital of the Federal University of Pernambuco. Results: The medical records of 18 patients were reviewed, including 15 women (83.3%) and 3 men (16.7%), with a mean age of 41 years (range, 16-79 years). Seventeen patients (94.4%) had a history of previous surgery. The causes of abdominal injury were cesarean section in eight cases (44.4%), oncologic surgery in six (33.3%), trauma surgery in two (11.1%), and bariatric surgery in two (11.1%). The etiology of the defect was necrotizing fasciitis in eight cases (44.4%), incisional hernia in four (22.2%), trauma in two (11.1%), surgical wound dehiscence in two (11.1%), abdominal wall neoplasia in two (11.1%), and total thickness defect in one (5.5%). The surgical interventions included the component separation technique in seven cases (38.9%), simple VY advancement flap in six (33.3%), closure with abdominoplasty in three (16.7%), and tissue expander in two (11.1%). Four patients (22.2%) presented complications. Conclusions: Abdominal wall defects are challenging cases for plastic surgeons, as their treatment is difficult, but the results are satisfactory even in the most severe cases.

Thoracotomy compared to laparotomy in the traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. Systematic review and proportional methanalysis

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the most used approach to treat traumatic diaphragmatic ruptures, and in which one the requirement to assess the second cavity is more frequent. Methods: Systematic review, observational studies. Outcomes: moment of approach, most commonly via addressed and the requirement to open the other cavity. Bases searched: Lilacs, Pubmed, Embase, Clinicaltrials.gov and Web of Science. Statistical analysis: StatsDirect 3.0.121 software. Results: Sixty eight studies (2023 participants) were included. Approach in acute phase was performed four times more than in chronic phase. Approach: abdominal 65% (IC 95% 63-67%), thoracic 23% (IC 95% 21-24%), abdominal in the acute phase 75% (IC 95% 71-78%), and chronic 24% (IC 95% 19-29%), thoracic in the acute phase 12% (IC 95% 10-14%) and chronic 69% (IC 95% 63-74%). Thorax opening in the abdominal approach: 10% (95% CI 8-14%). Abdomen opening in the thoracic approach: 15% (95% CI 7-24%). Conclusions: The most common approach was the abdominal. The approach in the acute phase was more common. In the acute phase the abdominal approach is more frequent than the thoracic approach. In the chronic phase the thoracic approach is more frequent than the abdominal one. The requirement to open the second cavity was similar in both approaches.

Experiencia en la reparación de hernia incisional por vía laparoscópica en una Unidad de Cirugía Ambulatoria / Experience in the Repair of Incisional Hernia by Laparoscopic Route in an Ambulatory Surgery Unit

Introducción. La hernia Incisional es una complicación frecuente de la cirugía abdominal sobre todo en pacientes que presentan factores de riesgo para desarrollar la misma. El sistema de salud pública no cuenta con suficiente encamamiento para estos pacientes para la realización de una cirugía electiva. La reparación laparoscópica y su aplicación en una unidad de cirugía ambulatoria se ha convertido en una opción para estos pacientes. El presente estudio busca evaluar los resultados de la reparación de la hernia incisional por vía laparoscópica y su aplicación en cirugía ambulatoria. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectvo de pacientes a quienes se le realizo reparación laparoscópica del año 2010 al año 2016, evaluando los factores de riesgo para la hernia incisional, el tamaño, su localización más frecuente, cierre del defecto, estancia hospitalaria, tiempo quirúrgico, malla utilizada, que tipo de analgésico se utilizaron a su egreso, sus complicaciones, su manejo y el seguimiento a los 8 días, 30 días y cada 2 meses durante un año. Resultados. Se incluyeron un total de 50 pacientes, siendo más frecuente en el sexo femenino. El principal factor de riesgo para el aparecimiento de la hernia incisional fue cirugías múltiples de origen obstétrico. La localización más frecuente fue la línea media infra umbilical. En 80% de los casos se realizó cierre por afrontación del defecto. En 100% de los casos se colocó malla separadora de tejido. El tiempo operatorio promedio fue de 70 minutos. El 75% de los pacientes fueron dados de alta el mismo día de la cirugía, el resto se ingresó al hospital, por condiciones de dolor post operatorio, complicaciones transoperatorias (2 casos) o reparación de un defecto grande (mayor de 15 centímetros). La mayor parte de los pacientes respondieron adecuadamente al uso de analgésicos por vía oral (75%), el resto se utilizó una combinación de dos analgésicos. Conclusiones. La técnica laparoscópica es una técnica adecuada y segura para la reparación de la hernia incisional aplicada en cirugía ambulatoria. Además, permite tratar a los pacientes que la sufren sin recargar la capacidad hospitalaria.

Introduction. Incisional hernia is a common abdominal surgical complication in patents with risk factors. Public hospitals don´t have enough beds to admit patents and perform the repair in an elecitve way, so ambulatory laparoscopic technique became a feasible alternative. The aim of the study is to evaluate our experience with ambulatory laparoscopic incisional hernioplasty. Methods. This retrospective study includes all the patents that presented an incisional hernia and were repaired by ambulatory laparoscopic hernioplasty between 2010 and 2016. We evaluated the presence of risk factors, the size of the hernia defect and location, the type of closure, operative time, type of mesh, length of hospitalization, analgesic treatment and management of complications. Results. We treated 50 patents. The main risk factor for incisional hernia was multiple gynecological surgeries. The most common site was at the infraumbilical medial line. In 80% of the patents we performed a complete defect closure. In all patents we used a two layer mesh. The mean operative time was 70 minutes. 75% of patents were discharged the same day and the rest of the patents were hospitalized because of uncontrolled pain, perioperative complications (2 cases) or extensive defects (above 15 centimeters in diameter). 75% of patents needed one analgesic and the rest a combination of two. Conclusions. Laparoscopic incisional hernioplasty can be safely performed in an ambulatory program and reduce the need of hospitalization.

Reparación protésica en una paciente con hernia incisional catastrófica / Prosthetic repair in a patient with catastrophic incisional hernia

Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente de 66 años de edad, blanca, con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus de tipo II y sobrepeso, quien fue operada en el Hospital General Universitario Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba por presentar una eventración gigante en la pared abdominal anterior, que no le permitía deambular sin apoyo. Se realizó la reparación protésica que resultó eficaz y segura, con 13 años sin recurrencia

The case report of a 66 years white patient with a history of hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus and overweight is presented, who was operated on at Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso University General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba due to a considerable eventration in the front abdominal wall that didn't allow her wandering around without support. The prosthetic repair which was effective and safe, was carried out with no recurrence during 13 years