Efeito da perda de peso sobre a hemodinâmica renal em portadores da síndrome metabólica / Weight loss improves renal hemodynamics in patients with metabolic syndrome

OBJETIVO: No presente artigo, investigou-se o impacto da redução do peso corporal na excreção urinária de albumina e na depuração da creatinina em indivíduos obesos com síndrome metabólica. MÉTODOS: Trinta e cinco indivíduos foram submetidos à dieta hipocalórica por um período de 12 semanas, visando uma redução mínima de 5% do peso corporal. Os voluntários foram submetidos à avaliação metabólica (teste oral de tolerância à glicose, dosagens de lípides plasmáticos e ácido úrico) e à avaliação de parâmetros hemodinâmicos renais (depuração da creatinina e excreção urinária de albumina), antes (fase 1) e após 12 semanas de dieta hipocalórica (fase 2). RESULTADOS: Após o período de intervenção, os voluntários foram divididos em dois grupos: indivíduos que atingiram o alvo para redução de peso (respondedores: R, n = 14) e pacientes que não atingiram a meta para redução de peso (não-respondedores: NR, n = 21). Indivíduos do Grupo R apresentaram melhora do perfil lipídico, da redução da excreção urinária de albumina (mediana = 162.5 mg/24 horas, variação: 0,8 a 292 mg/24 horas, na fase 1 para 10,4 mg/24 horas, variação: 1,6 a 22,4 mg/24 horas, na fase 2), além de redução significante da depuração da creatinina (121,4 ± 66,5 mL/min. para 92,9 ± 35,6 mL/min., p = 0,001). No Grupo NR, não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as fases 1 e 2 do estudo. CONCLUSÃO: A redução do peso corporal teve impacto positivo na hemodinâmica renal, reduzindo a excreção urinária de albumina e a hiperfiltração glomerular em indivíduos obesos com síndrome metabólica.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the impact of weight loss on urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and creatinine clearance in obese patients with metabolic syndrome. METHODS: Thirty-five obese patients undertook a 12-week calorie-restricted diet. The patients underwent a metabolic (oral glucose tolerance test, plasma lipids, and uric acid) and renal hemodynamic evaluations (creatinine clearance and urinary albumin excretion) before (phase 1), and after the 12-week diet (phase 2). RESULTS: After the dietary intervention, the subjects were divided into two groups: patients who achieved the target weight reduction (R: responders, n = 14), and patients who did not (NR: non-responders, n = 21). The patients in Group R showed an improvement in lipid profile, a decrease in UAE (median = 162.5 mg/24 hours, range: 0.8 to 292 mg/24 hours, at phase 1 versus 10.4 mg/24 hours, range: 1.6 to 22.4 mg/24 hours, at phase 2), and a significant reduction in creatinine clearance (121.4 ± 66.5 mL/min. in phase 1 to 92.9 ± 35.6 mL/min. at the end of phase 2, p = 0.001). In Group NR, no statistically significant differences were observed between phases 1 and 2. CONCLUSION: Body weight reduction has a positive impact on renal hemodynamics, decreasing urinary albumin excretion as well as glomerular hyperfiltration in obese patients with metabolic syndrome.

Enfermedad renal crónica: Clasificación, identificación, manejo y complicaciones / Clinical guidelines on identitication, management and complications of chronic kidney disease

The key messages of these guidel ines on chronic kidney disease are: • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem due to its wide distribution, high rate of complications and cost. • CKD is a common condition, its prevalence being about 10 percent, and is treatable if it is detected on time. • A patient with CKD has a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality than of progression of its underlying renal disease. • A new definition of CKD, based on estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) and kidney damage, facilitates its detection and management. • CKD is detected with three simple tests: 1) Blood pressure measurement, 2) Detection of proteinuria or albuminuria in an isolated urine sample, and 3) Estimation of renal function (eGFR), based on serum creatinine, age, gender and race. • The CKD risk groups are individuáis with diabetes, hypertension and a family history of renal disease. • The most cost-effective measures are to detect and treat diabetic and hypertensive patients in the community. • Therapy must emphasize the maximal reduction of cardiovascular risk. • The complications of CKD such as anemia and renal osteodystrophy can be identified and treated on time. • Most patients with chronic kidney disease are detected in the community, therefore their initial care must be organized at the level of primary care, along with programs for hypertension and diabetes.