RESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this study was to clarify differences regarding HPV16 infection and gene amplification between the oral cavity and oropharynx in healthy individuals. Material and Methods The subjects were 94 healthy asymptomatic individuals (41 males, 53 females; mean age 58.6 years, range 16-97 years) who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery of the Hiroshima University Hospital from 2014 to 2015. Oral epithelial cells were collected from oral rinse and pharynx gargle samples and placed in saline. The human endogenous retrovirus gene ERV3-1 was used as a reference to estimate the number of human cells in each sample. DNA samples were extracted from approximately 10,000 human cells and tested for HPV16 DNA by PCR using a type-specific primer. Similarly, we analyzed the HPV16 viral copy number in HPV16-positive cases using real-time PCR to examine genomic amplification. Results The percentage of HPV16-positive cases was higher in the gargle (28.7%) as compared to the rinse (16.0%) samples. In the oral rinse samples, males (26.8%) showed a significantly higher rate of HPV16 than females (7.5%) (P=0.021). Importantly, in older subjects (aged 60-89 years), gargle samples showed a significantly higher rate of HPV16 (33.3%) than oral rinse samples (13.7%) (P=0.034). The average number of viral copies was approximately 8 times higher in the gargle than in the oral rinse samples (0.16±0.27 vs. 1.35±1.26 copy numbers per cell), a significant difference (P<0.001). Conclusion Our findings suggest that the oropharynx is more susceptible to HPV16 infection as compared to the oral cavity, while HPV16 gene amplification is also more commonly found in the oropharynx.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Orofaringe/virologia , Amplificação de Genes/fisiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Papillomavirus Humano 16/genética , Boca/virologia , Fatores de Tempo , DNA Viral , Contagem de Células , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Etários , Variações do Número de Cópias de DNA , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Japão/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Introdução: A doença renal crônica (DRC) e o tabagismo são problemas de saúde pública. Objetivo: Analisar o tabagismo como fator risco para a progressão da DRC. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática nas bases Medline, LILACS, SciELO, Google Acadêmico, Trials.gov e Embase com artigos publicados até fevereiro de 2013. Incluíram-se estudos: tipo coorte, ensaios clínicos e caso-controle. Realizados em seres humanos com idade ≥ 18 anos tendo tabagismo como fator de risco para progressão da DRC. Excluíram-se estudos que não referiam tabagismo e DRC no título ou tinham proposta de combate ao fumo. Resultados: Das 94 citações, 12 artigos foram selecionados. Destes, seis eram multicêntricos realizados em países desenvolvidos e quatro foram aleatorizados. Predominou o sexo masculino 51%-76%. Houve progressão associada ao tabagismo em 11 estudos. Identificou-se que o consumo ≥ 15 maços/ ano aumenta o risco de progressão da DRC. Conclusão: Tabagismo é fator de risco para progressão da DRC. .
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and smoking are public health problems. Objective: To assess smoking as a risk factor for progression of CKD. Methods: We conducted a systematic review in Medline, LILACS, SciELO, Google Scholar, Embase and Trials.gov with articles published until February/2013. Were included: cohort, clinical trials and case-control. Performed in humans, aged ≥ 18 years with smoking as a risk factor for progression of CKD. We excluded studies that reported no smoking and CKD in the title or had proposed to reduce smoking. Results: Among 94 citations, 12 articles were selected. Of these, six were multicenter conducted in developed countries, four were randomized. Males predominated 51-76%. There was associated with smoking progression in 11 studies. It was found that the consumption ≥ 15 packs/ year increases the risk of progression of CKD. Conclusion: Smoking is a risk factor for progression of CKD. .
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , /genética , Amplificação de Genes , Proteínas de Neoplasias , Fosfoproteínas Fosfatases/genética , Apoptose/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/etiologia , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Oncogenes/genéticaRESUMO
Background: The cytosolic protein p47-phox (phagocyte oxidase) is one of the essential components of the superoxide generating system in phagocytes and its defect causes approximately 30 percent of the chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) cases. Aim: Two patients were studied, belonging to the same family, without a consanguinous background, in which deficiency or absence of superoxide generation was found together with recurrent and severe infections in one case and benign infections in the second. Methods: The presence of gp91-, p67- and p47-phox in patients and controls was determined by Western Blot analysis of granulocytes. Sequencing of PCR amplified DNA was performed by an enzimatic method. Results: Western Blot analysis showed normal expression of gp91 and p67 and absence of p47-phox. The molecular genetic study demonstrated a homocygotic dinucleotide GT (GT) deletion at the beginning of exon 2 of the p47-phox gene. The same mutation has been found in European, American and Japanese patients. Conclusions: The molecular characterization of this pathology done for the first time in Chile is important for diagnostic classification, patient prognosis, and adequate genetic advice and a possible future therapy
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Doença Granulomatosa Crônica/genética , Proteínas Quinases/deficiência , Western Blotting , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Éxons/genética , NADPH Oxidases/genética , Leucócitos/imunologia , Nitroazul de Tetrazólio , Amplificação de Genes/métodos , Análise Mutacional de DNARESUMO
TTV e um virus DNA recentemente descoberto no Japao a partir de um paciente portador de hepatite pos-transfusional de origem desconhecida. Neste estudo, avaliamos a presenca deste virus em pacientes com hepatopatias cronicas dos estados de Sao Paulo e do Para, representando duas regioes geograficamente diferentes. O DNA do TTV foi encontrado em 21/105 (20 por cento) e 9/20 (45 por cento) dos casos de Sao Paulo e do Para, respectivamente. O sequenciamento do DNA amplificado confirmou a presenca dos genotipos 1a e 2a, bem como de outros genotipos ainda nao descritos ate o momento. Em conclusao, TTV esta presente em casos de hepatopatias cronicas do Sudeste e do Norte do Brasil. por outro lado, maiores estudos ainda sao necessarios antes de se estabelecer relacao causal entre o TTV e a hepatite em seres humanos