The natural history of type 1A diabetes

We can now predict the development of Type 1A (Immune Mediated) diabetes primarily through the determination of four biochemically characterized islet autoantibodies [insulin, GAD65, IA-2 (ICA512) and (Znt8)]. Prediction is possible because beta-cell destruction is chronically progressive and very slow in most, but not all individuals. We can also prevent type 1A diabetes in animal models and a major goal is the prevention of type 1A diabetes in man with multiple clinical trials underway.

Atualmente o desenvolvimento do diabetes melito tipo 1 A( imune mediado) pode ser predito através da determinação de quatro auto-anticorpos antiilhotas [antiinsulina, anti-GAD65, anti-IA2 (ICA512) e (anti-Znt8)] caracterizados bioquimicamente. A predição dessa doença é possível devido a destruição das células-beta, não em todos os indivíduos mas na sua maioria, ser crônica e lentamente progressiva. Também é possível prevenir o DM1 A em modelos animais e o objetivo maior é a prevenção dessa doença em humanos, para os quais vários protocolos clínicos estão em andamento.

Asociación del alelo HLA-DQB1*0501 del complejo mayor de histocompatibilidad con cáncer gástrico en México / Association of the HLA-DQB*0501, Allele of the major Histocompability Complex with Gastric Cancer in Mexico

El cáncer gástrico está relacionado con factor es ambientales y propios del huésped. La infección por Helicobacter pylori es un factor ambiental preponderante y se ha propuesto además que, algunos genes del complejo mayor de histocompatibilidad confieren susceptibilidad o resistencia para las enfermedades gástricas relacionadas con dicha infección. Con el propósito de conocer la distribución y frecuencia de algunos genes HLA-DQ del complejo mayor de histocompatibilidad en sujetos mexicanos con enfermedades gástricas, se estudiaron 20 pacientes con cáncer gástrico y 40 pacientes con gastritis crónica asociada con Helicobacter pylori. Los diagnósticos fueron confirmados con biopsias. Se utilizaron para fines comparativos, 99 individuos sanos. La genotipificación de los alelos HLA se realizó mediante la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Los pacientes con cáncer gástrico tuvieron mayor frecuencia de los alelos HLA-DQA1 *0601 (p = 0.003; RM = 20.9; LC 95% = 2.11-506.2) y HLA DQB 1*0501, éste último en comparación a los pacientes con gastritis crónica (p =0.04; RM = 3.58; LC 95 % = 1.05-12.5) e individuos sanos (p = 0.002; RM = 4.5; LC 95% = 1.59-12.7). En conclusión, nuestros resultados sugieren que además de la infección por Helicobacter pylori, hay marcadores de la región HLA-DQ que son determinantes inmunogenéticamente en la susceptibilidad para desarrollar cáncer gástrico.

Etiology of gastric cancer is related to environmental and host factors, Helicobacter pylori infection is the main environmental factor, but it has been also proposed that some major histocompatibility complex genes are related to susceptibility and resistance to develop Helicobacter pylori-as so dated gastric diseases. The aim of this study was to study distribution and frequency of some HLA-DQ genes, among Mexican patients harboring gastric diseases. We studied 20 subjects suffering from gastric cancer and 40 subjects harboring Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis. Diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy. HLA genotyping was performed by a polymerase chain reaction procedure. Ninety nine healthy individuals were also utilized for comparative purposes. Patients with gastric cancer displayed high frequency of HLA-DQA 1 *0601 (p = 0.003; OR = 20.9, 95% CL = 2.11-506.2) and HLA-DQB 1*0501 alleles, the latter when compared to patients with chronic gastritis (p = 0.04; OR = 3.58, 95% CL = 1.05-12.5) and to healthy individuals (p = 0.002; OR = 4.5, 95% CL =1.59-12.7). According to our results, in addition to Helicobacter pylori infection, there are immunogeneic markers of the HLA-DQ region, which are determinant in confering susceptibility for gastric cancer.