Saúde mental e atuação de psicólogos hospitalares brasileiros na pandemia da covid-19 / Health and works of brazilian hospital psychologists in the covid-19 pandemic / Salud mental y actuación de psicólogos en hospitales brasileños en la pandemia del covid-19

Em março de 2020 a situação causada pela covid-19 foi elevada à categoria de pandemia, impactando de inúmeras formas a vida em sociedade. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender os impactos da pandemia na atuação e saúde mental do psicólogo hospitalar, profissional que atua nos espaços de saúde e tem experienciado mais de perto o sofrimento dos doentes e dos profissionais de saúde frente à covid-19. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo com 131 psicólogos que atuam em hospitais. Os profissionais foram convidados a participar através de redes sociais e redes de contatos das pesquisadoras, utilizando-se a técnica Bola de Neve. Foram utilizados dois questionários, disponibilizados na plataforma Google Forms, um abordando os impactos da pandemia sentidos pelos profissionais e outro referente ao sofrimento psíquico. Os dados foram analisados a partir de estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais. Foram observados impactos na atuação de quase a totalidade dos participantes, constatada a necessidade de preparação dos profissionais para o novo cenário, a percepção de pouco apoio institucional e quase metade da população estudada referiu-se a sintomas de sofrimento psíquico considerável desde o início da pandemia. É fundamental dar atenção a sinais e sintomas de sofrimento psíquico, procurando evitar o adoecimento de uma categoria profissional que se encontra na linha de frente do combate aos danos psicológicos da pandemia e cuja própria saúde mental é pouco abordada na literatura.(AU)

In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic breakout hugely impacted life in society. This study analyzes how the pandemic impacted hospital psychologists' mental health and performance, professional who more closely experienced the suffering of patients and health professionals in this period. An exploratory and descriptive study was conducted with 131 hospital psychologists. Professionals were invited to participate through the researchers' social and contact networks using the Snowball technique. Data were collected by two questionnaires available on the Google Forms platform, one addressing the impacts felt by professionals and the other regarding psychic suffering, and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that almost all participants had their performance affected by the need to prepare for the new scenario, the perceived little institutional support. Almost half of the study sample reported considerable psychological distress symptoms since the beginning of the pandemic. Paying attention to signs and symptoms of psychic suffering is fundamental to avoid compromising a professional category that is on the front line of combating the psychological damage caused by the pandemic and whose own mental health is little addressed by the literature.(AU)

En marzo de 2020, la situación provocada por el COVID-19 se caracterizó como pandemia e impactó el mundo de diversas maneras. El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender los impactos de la pandemia en la salud mental y la actuación del psicólogo en los hospitales, uno de los profesionales que trabaja en espacios sanitarios y que ha experimentado más de cerca el sufrimiento de pacientes y profesionales sanitarios frente al COVID-19. Este es un estudio exploratorio descriptivo, realizado con 131 psicólogos que trabajan en hospitales. Los profesionales recibieron la invitación a participar a través de las redes sociales y redes de contactos de las investigadoras, mediante la técnica snowball. Se utilizaron dos cuestionarios disponibles en la plataforma Google Forms: uno sobre los impactos de la pandemia en los profesionales y el otro sobre el sufrimiento psíquico. Los datos se analizaron a partir de estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales. Se observaron impactos en el trabajo de casi todos los participantes, la necesidad de preparación de los profesionales para este nuevo escenario, la percepción de poco apoyo institucional, y casi la mitad de la población estudiada reportaron sentir síntomas de considerable angustia psicológica desde el inicio de la pandemia. Es esencial prestar atención a los signos y síntomas del sufrimiento psíquico, buscando evitar la enfermedad de una categoría profesional que está a la vanguardia de la lucha contra el daño psicológico de la pandemia y cuya propia salud mental se aborda poco en la literatura.(AU)

Impacto de la primera ola pandémica de COVID-19 en el personal de salud en un hospital privado / Impact of the first pandemic wave of COVID-19 on health-care workers in a private hospital

El personal de salud (PS) está más expuesto que la población general a enfermar por SARS-CoV-2, por lo que debe utilizar elementos de protección personal (EPP) en todas las atenciones. El PS de Clínica Las Condes (CLC) que requirió licencia médica (LM) por COVID-19 durante el periodo de estudio, fue evaluado por Organismo Administrador según Ley 16.744, categorizando cada caso de contacto estrecho (CE) o contagio, en común o laboral. Además, fue contactado en su totalidad por equipo de RRHH y de IAAS, para conocer estado de salud, factores de riesgo y evolución. El objetivo fue caracterizar los casos y CE de PS que tuvieron LM, relacionándolas con diferentes eventos ocurridos en la institución y la comunidad durante el periodo comprendido entre el 12 de febrero y el 31 de julio. Un 21% del PS requirió LM en el periodo y un 12,97% presentó infección confirmada por PCR. En cuanto a la distribución por sexo y edad de casos y CE, esta no difiere de la distribución observada en el total de funcionarios de CLC. Se observa que, en los casos, la mayoría corresponde a categoría intrahospitalaria, en cambio los CE, la mayor parte correspondió a comunitario. En relación con casos confirmados intrahospitalarios, destaca que el primer caso ocurrió 63 días después del primer paciente hospitalizado en CLC con diagnóstico de COVID-19, y cuando ya estaba instalada la epidemia en la Región Metropolitana (RM) de Santiago , lo que refleja la efectividad de las medidas de prevención adoptadas al interior de CLC.

Health care workers (HCW) are at higher risk to get sick from SARS-CoV-2 than general population, so they must use personal protective equipment (PPE) in all care situations. The HCW at Clinica las Condes (CLC) that required a sick leave (SL) during the study period was evaluated by the Administrative Institution according to Law 16.744, which categorized each case of close contact (CC) or confirmed case, as community-acquired (CA) or health care-associated (HCA). In addition, all of them were traced by the HR and Infection Control team, to find out health status, risk factors and evolution. The aims were to characterize the confirmed cases and CC, their association with key events that occurred in the institution and the community between February 12th and July 31th. 21%

Fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos de casos de hanseníase associados ao desempenho da avaliação de seus contatos no Ceará, 2008-2019 / Factores sociodemográficos y clínicos de los casos de lepra asociados con el desempeño de la evaluación de sus contactos en Ceará, Brasil, 2008-2019 / Socio-demographic and clinical factors of leprosy cases associated with the performance of the evaluation of their contacts in Ceará, Brazil, 2008-2019

Objetivo:Analisar o efeito de características sociodemográficas e clínicas de casos novos (CNs) de hanseníase como determinantes no desempenho da avaliação dos contatos. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com abordagem temporal do indicador de avaliação de 100% os contatos examinados de CNs registrados no Ceará, Brasil, via Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan), em 2008-2019. Empregou-se regressão logística para estimar razão de chances-odds ratio (OR) com intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). A tendência temporal baseou-se em regressão joinpoint. Resultados: Foram analisados 23.675 CNs, 65,4% com contatos examinados. Verificou-se maior chance para não avaliação de 100% dos contatos registrados com CN multibacilar (OR=1,19 - IC95% 1,11;1,28) e com exame de contatos como modo de entrada (OR=1,71 - IC95% 1,35;2,18). A tendência temporal do indicador foi de aumento (variação percentual anual: 2,1 - IC95% 1,2;3,0). Conclusão: Dimensões distintas de vulnerabilidade individual e social de CNs de hanseníase influenciam o persistente desempenho insatisfatório da avaliação de contatos.

Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre características sociodemográficas y clínicas de casos nuevos (CNs) de lepra como determinantes para el desempeño de la evaluación de contactos. Métodos: Estudio transversal con abordaje temporal del indicador de evaluación de 100% de los contactos examinados de cada CN registrado en el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades Notificables del Estado de Ceará, Brasil, 2008-2019. Análisis de regresión logística para estimar la razón de probabilidades (OR) e intervalos de confianza de 95% (IC95%), y tendencia temporal basada por regresión joinpoint. Resultados: Fueron analizados 23.675 CN, 65,4% con contactos examinados. Se verificó mayor probabilidad para la no-evaluación del 100% de los contactos registrados cuando el CN: era multibacilar (OR=1,19 - IC95% 1,11;1,28) y forma de entrada por examen de contactos (OR=1,71 - IC95% 1,35;2,18). Tendencia temporal de aumento de este indicador (cambio porcentual anual: 2,1 (IC95% 1,2;3,0). Conclusión: Diferentes dimensiones de la vulnerabilidad individual y social de los nuevos casos de lepra en Ceará influyen en el desempeño insatisfactorio persistente de la evaluación de sus contactos.

Objective: To analyze the effect of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of new leprosy cases as determinants in the performance of the evaluation of their contacts Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, with a temporal approach to the evaluation indicator of 100% of contacts examined of each new case (NC) registered in the state of Ceará, Brazil, on the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), in 2008-2019. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The temporal trends were analyzed using joinpoint regression. Results: 23,675 NCs, 65.4% with contacts examined were analyzed. It was less likely to evaluate 100% of the registered contacts when the new cases were multibacillary (OR=1.19 - 95%CI 1.11;1.28) and with examination of contacts as an entry mode (OR=1.71 - 95%CI 1.35;2.18). There was an increasing temporal trend of the indicator (Annual Percentage Change: 2.1 - 95%CI 1.2;3.0). Conclusion: Distinct dimensions of individual and social vulnerability among new leprosy cases influenced the persistent unsatisfactory performance of the evaluation of contacts.

La salud pública en la primera ola: una agenda para la cooperación ante Covid-19 / Public health in the first wave: a research agenda for cooperation under Covid-19

Resumen El Covid-19 representa uno de los retos más grandes en la historia reciente de la salud pública. Es fundamental que se fortalezcan los lazos de cooperación científica bajo un objetivo común: proteger la salud de la población. En este artículo se presentan ideas que necesitan un desarrollo urgente y colaborativo. Se discute la estimación de la magnitud de la epidemia mediante un panel nacional de seroprevalencia y nuevas estrategias para mejorar el monitoreo en tiempo real de la epidemia. También se analizan las externalidades negativas asociadas con la respuesta a la pandemia. Finalmente, se presenta un marco general para el desarrollo de ideas para salir del confinamiento, resaltando la importancia de implementar acciones estructurales, sostenibles y equitativas. Se hace un llamado a la solidaridad y la cooperación, donde nuestros esfuerzos y creatividad se dediquen a la resolución de los problemas que enfrentan México y el mundo.

Abstract Covid-19 represents one of the largest challenges in the recent history of public health. It is fundamental that we strengthen scientific cooperation under a common goal: to protect the health of the population. In this article, we present ideas that need urgent and collaborative efforts. We discuss the estimation of the magnitude of the epidemic through a nationwide seroprevalence panel, as well as new strategies to monitor the epidemic in real time. We also analyze the negative externalities associated to the pandemic. Finally, we present a general framework to develop ideas to come out of the lockdown, highlighting the importance of implementing sustainable and equitable structural interventions. We call for solidarity and cooperation, focusing our efforts and creativity in the resolution of the problems that currently affect Mexico and the world.

Importance of epidemiological surveillance of leprosy: analysis of the occurrence of leprosy in intra-domiciliary contacts in a capital in the Brazilian northeast region

Abstract INTRODUCTION Intra-domiciliary contacts are a group with the highest risk of developing leprosy. METHODS A cross-sectional study of intra-domiciliary contacts of new leprosy cases was conducted. A descriptive analysis of the variables was performed. RESULTS Among 190 contacts, 63% were invited to visit the health unit, and 54.2% received the BCG vaccine. The prevalence of leprosy among the contacts was 4.7%. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of leprosy among the contacts was high and similar to that found previously. There were failures in surveillance actions carried out by health units. Never-before treated cases were found.

Preservação da privacidade no enfrentamento da COVID-19: dados pessoais e a pandemia global / Personal data usage and privacy considerations in the COVID-19 global pandemic

Resumo Dados ganham cada vez mais importância e valor na busca de respostas para enfrentar a COVID-19 tanto para a ciência quanto para as autoridades sanitárias. Em virtude da dificuldade de realizar diagnóstico da infecção na população em geral, iniciativas apoiadas em tecnologias digitais vêm sendo desenvolvidas por governos ou empresas privadas para possibilitar rastreamentos de sintomas, contatos e deslocamentos de modo a apoiar estratégias de acompanhamento e avaliação na vigilância de contágios. A despeito da importância e necessidade dessas iniciativas, questionamentos acerca da quantidade e tipos de dados pessoais coletados, processados, compartilhados e utilizados em nome da saúde pública, bem como os concomitantes ou posteriores usos desses dados, suscitam questionamentos éticos, legais e técnicos. Desafios que apontam para a necessidade de novos modelos de governança de dados e de tecnologias, responsáveis e transparentes, para controlar o Sars-Cov2 e as futuras emergências de saúde pública.

Abstract Data has become increasingly important and valuable for both scientists and health authorities searching for answers to the COVID-19 crisis. Due to difficulties in diagnosing this infection in populations around the world, initiatives supported by digital technologies are being developed by governments and private companies to enable the tracking of the public's symptoms, contacts and movements. Considering the current scenario, initiatives designed to support infection surveillance and monitoring are essential and necessary. Nonetheless, ethical, legal and technical questions abound regarding the amount and types of personal data being collected, processed, shared and used in the name of public health, as well as the concomitant or posterior use of this data. These challenges demonstrate the need for new models of responsible and transparent data and technology governance in efforts to control SARS-COV2, as well as in future public health emergencies.

Desempenho da vigilância de contatos de casos de hanseníase: uma análise espaço-temporal no Estado da Bahia, Região Nordeste do Brasil / Performance of leprosy case-contact surveillance: a space-time analysis in Bahia State, Northeast Brazil / Desempeño de la vigilancia de contactos en casos de lepra: un análisis espacio-temporal en el estado de Bahía, región nordeste de Brasil

Resumo: Objetivou-se analisar a tendência espaço-temporal da proporção de contatos examinados entre os registrados, segundo perfil demográfico de casos novos de hanseníase diagnosticados no Estado da Bahia, Brasil, na coorte 2003-2014. Trata-se de estudo ecológico de base populacional estadual, com análises temporal e espacial da proporção de contatos examinados entre os registrados segundo características do caso referência de hanseníase, com base no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação do Ministério da Saúde. A análise de tendência temporal foi baseada na regressão de Poisson por pontos de inflexão (Joinpoints). A análise espacial utilizou a autocorrelação espacial pelo Índice Local de Associação Espacial. Ao longo da série histórica, 52,9% (55.116/104.142) dos contatos registrados foram examinados, com menor proporção entre pessoas < 60 anos, raça/etnia indígena e residentes em municípios de grande porte (em particular na capital). Verificou-se tendência de aumento da proporção de contatos examinados, com menor expressão quando o caso referência de hanseníase era do sexo masculino, de raça/cor preta, residente em zona rural e em cidades de pequeno porte, além da capital do estado. A distribuição espacial demonstrou que a maioria dos municípios apresentou desempenho com parâmetro precário, com aglomerados identificados nas regiões norte e extremo-sul. O Estado da Bahia apresenta desempenho precário das ações de vigilância de contatos, em particular diante de condições de maior vulnerabilidade social. Estratégias adicionais devem ser implementadas com vistas à superação de obstáculos operacionais para essa ação, considerada essencial para a interrupção da transmissão da hanseníase.

Abstract: The aim was to analyze the space-time trend in the proportion of contacts examined among those recorded, according to demographic profile of new leprosy cases in the State of Bahia, Brazil, in the 2003-2014 cohort. This was a state population-based ecological study with temporal and spatial analyses of the proportion of contacts examined among those recorded, according to characteristics of the reference leprosy case, based on the Information System for Notifiable Diseases of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The time trend analysis was based on Poisson regression (Joinpoints). Spatial analysis used spatial autocorrelation by local indicators of spatial association. Over the course of the historical series, 52.9% (55,116/104,142) of the recorded contacts were examined, with lower proportions in persons < 60 years of age, indigenous individuals, and residents of large cities (especially the state capital Salvador). There was an upward trend in the proportion of contacts examined, less evident when the reference leprosy case was a male, black, living in the rural area, and in small towns or the state capital. Spatial distribution showed that the majority of the municipalities showed precarious performance, with clusters identified in the North and Far South of the state. Bahia shows precarious performance on contact surveillance, particular in conditions of greater social vulnerability. Additional strategies should be implemented in order to overcome the operational obstacles to contact surveillance, considered essential for interrupting leprosy transmission in the state.

Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la tendencia espacio-temporal de la proporción de contactos examinados entre quienes están registrados, según su perfil demográfico, como casos nuevos de lepra, diagnosticados en el estado de Bahía, Brasil, en la cohorte 2003-2014. Se trata de un estudio ecológico de base poblacional estatal, con análisis temporal y espacial de la proporción de contactos examinados entre los registrados, según las características del caso referencia de lepra, a partir del Sistema de Información sobre Enfermedades de Notificación Obligatoria del Ministerio de Salud. El análisis de tendencia temporal se basó en la regresión de Poisson por puntos de inflexión (Joinpoints). El análisis espacial utilizó la autocorrelación espacial mediante el Índice Local de Asociación Espacial. A lo largo de la serie histórica, un 52,9% (55.116/104.142) de los contactos registrados fueron examinados, con una menor proporción entre personas < 60 años, raza/etnia indígena y residentes en municipios de gran tamaño (en particular en la capital). Se verificó la tendencia de aumento de la proporción de contactos examinados, con menor expresión, cuando el caso referencia de lepra era de sexo masculino, de raza/color negro, residente en zona rural y en ciudades de pequeño tamaño, en particular en la capital del estado. La distribución espacial demostró que la mayoría de los municipios tuvo un desempeño con parámetro precario, con aglomerados identificados en las regiones Norte y Extremo-Sur. El Estado de Bahía presenta un desempeño precario de las acciones de vigilancia de contactos, en particular ante condiciones de mayor vulnerabilidad social. Deben ser implementadas estrategias adicionales, con el fin de superar obstáculos operacionales para esta acción, considerada esencial para la interrupción de la transmisión de la lepra.

Sobreposição de casos novos de hanseníase em redes de convívio domiciliar em dois municípios do Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, 2001-2014 / Overlapping of new leprosy cases in household contact networks in two municipalities in North and Northeast Brazil, 2001-2014 / Superposición de casos nuevos de lepra en redes de convivencia domiciliaria en dos municipios del norte y nordeste de Brasil, 2001-2014

Resumo: Objetivou-se analisar a magnitude e o perfil sociodemográfico de casos de hanseníase vinculados a Redes de Convívio Domiciliar (RCD) com sobreposição da doença em dois municípios brasileiros, um da Região Norte e outro da Nordeste, de 2001 a 2014. Estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico, com base em dados primários e secundários de casos novos de hanseníase em indivíduos residentes em Picos, no Estado do Piauí, e em Rolim de Moura, no Estado de Rondônia. "Sobreposição" foi definida como casos novos com ocorrência de pelo menos mais um caso de hanseníase em sua RCD. Cada RCD foi composta por caso referência (primeiro caso notificado), casos coprevalentes (contatos que se tornaram casos novos) e contatos domiciliares de caso referência. Um total de 437 casos novos abordados pelos projetos INTEGRAHANS Norte-Nordeste e Piauí foram avaliados, 287 (65,7%) em Picos e 150 (34,3%) em Rolim de Moura. Do total de casos avaliados, 129 (44,9%) em Picos e 98 (65,3%) em Rolim de Moura relataram a ocorrência de sobreposição. Verificou-se maior frequência de pessoas do sexo feminino em Rolim de Moura (n = 95, 63,3%) e do masculino em Picos (n = 147, 51,2%); na faixa etária entre 41-60 anos de idade (Rolim de Moura n = 70, 46,7%; Picos n = 115, 40,1%); com ensino fundamental (Rolim de Moura n = 80, 54%; Picos n = 125, 44,5%) e que morava no mesmo domicílio com até 3 pessoas em Rolim de Moura (n = 105, 70%) e com mais de 4 pessoas em Picos (n = 287, 100%). A sobreposição de casos de hanseníase em RCD apresentou magnitude considerável nos contextos analisados, demonstrando aspectos de vulnerabilidade ampliada. Essa perspectiva deve ser considerada e integrada às ações de vigilância e controle da hanseníase.

Abstract: The study aimed to analyze the magnitude and sociodemographic profile of leprosy cases linked to household contact networks with overlapping of the disease in two Brazilian municipalities (counties), one in the North and the other in the Northeast, from 2001 to 2014. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical study based on primary and secondary data from new leprosy cases in Picos, Piauí State, and Rolim de Moura, Rondônia State. "Overlapping" was defined as new cases with the occurrence of at least one more leprosy case in the individual's household contact network. Each household contact network consisted of the index case (first reported case), co-prevalent cases (contacts that became new cases), and household contacts of the index case. A total of 437 new cases treated by the INTEGRAHANS North-Northeast and Piauí projects were assessed, of which 287 (65.7%) were in Picos and 150 (34.3%) in Rolim de Moura. Of all the cases assessed, 129 (44.9%) in Picos and 98 (65.3%) in Rolim de Moura reported overlapping. There were proportionally more females in Rolim de Moura (n = 95, 63.3%) and males in Picos (n = 147, 51.2%); in the 41-60-year age bracket (Rolim de Moura n = 70, 46.7%; Picos n = 115, 40.1%); with elementary schooling (Rolim de Moura n = 80, 54%; Picos n = 125, 44.5%); and individuals living in the same household with up to 3 persons in Rolim de Moura (n = 105, 70%) and with more than 4 persons in Picos (n = 287, 100%). Overlapping of leprosy cases in household contact networks was considerably high in the contexts analyzed here, displaying aspects of expanded vulnerability. This perspective should be considered and integrated into leprosy surveillance and control activities.

Resumen: El objetivo fue analizar la magnitud y el perfil sociodemográfico de los casos de hanseniasis vinculados a Redes de Convivencia Domiciliaria (RCD) con superposición de la enfermedad en dos municipios brasileños, uno de la región norte y otro de la nordeste, de 2001 a 2014. Estudio transversal, descriptivo y analítico, a partir de datos primarios y secundarios de casos nuevos de lepra con residentes en Picos, en el Estado de Piauí, y en Rolim de Moura, en el Estado de Rondônia. "Superposición" fue definida como casos nuevos con ocurrencia de por lo menos más de un caso de lepra en su RCD. Cada RCD estaba compuesta por un caso referencia (primer caso notificado), casos coprevalentes (contacto que se convirtió en casos nuevos) y contactos domiciliarios de caso referencia. Un total de 437 casos nuevos abordados por los proyectos INTEGRAHANS Norte/Nordeste y Piauí fueron evaluados, 287 (65,7%) en Picos y 150 (34,3%) en Rolim de Moura. Del total de casos evaluados, 129 (44,9%) en Picos y 98 (65,3%) en Rolim de Moura informaron la ocurrencia de superposición. Se verificó una mayor frecuencia de personas del sexo femenino en Rolim de Moura (n = 95, 63,3%) y masculino en Picos (n = 147, 51,2%); en la franja etaria entre 41-60 años de edad (Rolim de Moura n = 70, 46,7%; Picos n = 115, 40,1%); con enseñanza fundamental (Rolim de Moura n = 80, 54%; Picos n = 125, 44,5%) y que vivía en el mismo domicilio con hasta 3 personas en Rolim de Moura (n = 105, 70%) y con más de 4 personas en Picos (n = 287, 100%). La superposición de casos de lepra en RCD presentó una magnitud considerable en los contextos analizados, demostrando aspectos de vulnerabilidad ampliada. Esta perspectiva debe ser considerada e integrada en las acciones de vigilancia y control de la lepra.

Factors associated with seropositivity for APGL-Iamong household contacts of leprosy patients

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Leprosy is mainly transmitted among family members who share genetic and ambient factors. The clinical form of leprosy in the index case and kinship could be risk factors for leprosy transmission. High antibody levels in household contacts (HC) in the absence of neural or skin lesions may characterize latent infection. This study aimed to evaluate the association between seropositivity for anti-phenolic glycolipid-I immunoglobulin M antibodies (APGL-I) in HC and the clinical classification of the index case and to analyze the association between APGL-I positivity with other factors such as age, kinship, and gender. METHODS: We performed a survey among 320 HC of 120 leprosy patients who were evaluated and followed-up in a leprosy outpatient clinic of a university hospital. All HC underwent complete skin examination, peripheral nerve palpation, skin sensory tests, and serologic tests for the detection and quantification of APGL-I. RESULTS: The overall seropositivity rate was 20%, and was greatly affected by kinship. APGL-I seropositivity was higher in siblings (41%), followed by parents (28%), spouses (26%), other (19%), and offspring (14%). Independent risk factors for seropositivity were being siblings (OR 3.3) and being a HC of an index case with indeterminate leprosy (OR 5.3). APGL-I seropositivity was associated with index cases with a bacillary index of 4 (88%; p<.001). Seropositivity among HC was not significantly associated with their gender and age. There was no statistical difference in the seropositivity rates of HC of index patients with paucibacillary and multibacillary leprosy. CONCLUSIONS: Strict evaluation and follow-up of HC with positive results for APGL-I is recommended. Special attention should be paid during the screening of siblings of the index cases, HC of patients with a high bacillary index, and HC of patients with indeterminate leprosy.

Risk-benefit assessment of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination, anti-phenolic glycolipid I serology, and Mitsuda test response: 10-year follow-up of household contacts of leprosy patients

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Despite multidrug therapy, leprosy remains a public health issue. The intradermal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, Mitsuda test (lepromin skin test), and anti-phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-I) serology are widely used in leprosy studies and have shown great epidemiological value. METHODS: This longitudinal study evaluated the relative risks and benefits of these three tools by comparing results observed in household contacts (HHCs) of leprosy patients who developed leprosy with those of HHCs who did not in a population of 2,992 individuals monitored during a 10-year period. RESULTS : Seventy-five (2.5%) new leprosy cases were diagnosed, including 28 (0.9%) co-prevalent cases. Therefore, for the risk-benefit assessment, 47 (1.6%) HHCs were considered as truly diagnosed during follow-up. The comparison between healthy and affected contacts demonstrated that not only did BCG vaccination increase protection, but boosters also increased to 95% relative risk (RR) reduction when results for having two or more scars were compared with having no scars [RR, 0.0459; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.006-0.338]. Similarly, Mitsuda reactions >7mm in induration presented 7-fold greater protection against disease development compared to reactions of 0-3mm (RR, 0.1446; 95% CI, 0.0566-0.3696). In contrast, anti-PGL-I ELISA seropositivity indicated a 5-fold RR increase for disease outcome (RR, 5.688; 95% CI, 3.2412-9.9824). The combined effect of no BCG scars, Mitsuda reaction of <7mm, and seropositivity to anti-PGL-I increased the risk for leprosy onset 8-fold (RR, 8.109; 95% CI, 5.1167-12.8511). CONCLUSIONS: The adoption of these combined assays may impose measures for leprosy control strategies.

Serial QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assay and tuberculin skin test to diagnose latent tuberculosis in household Mexican contacts: conversion and reversion rates and associated factors using conventional and borderline zone definitions

A cohort of 123 adult contacts was followed for 18‐24 months (86 completed the follow-up) to compare conversion and reversion rates based on two serial measures of QuantiFERON (QFT) and tuberculin skin test (TST) (PPD from TUBERSOL, Aventis Pasteur, Canada) for diagnosing latent tuberculosis (TB) in household contacts of TB patients using conventional (C) and borderline zone (BZ) definitions. Questionnaires were used to obtain information regarding TB exposure, TB risk factors and socio-demographic data. QFT (IU/mL) conversion was defined as <0.35 to ≥0.35 (C) or <0.35 to >0.70 (BZ) and reversion was defined as ≥0.35 to <0.35 (C) or ≥0.35 to <0.20 (BZ); TST (mm) conversion was defined as <5 to ≥5 (C) or <5 to >10 (BZ) and reversion was defined as ≥5 to <5 (C). The QFT conversion and reversion rates were 10.5% and 7% with C and 8.1% and 4.7% with the BZ definitions, respectively. The TST rates were higher compared with QFT, especially with the C definitions (conversion 23.3%, reversion 9.3%). The QFT conversion and reversion rates were higher for TST ≥5; for TST, both rates were lower for QFT <0.35. No risk factors were associated with the probability of converting or reverting. The inconsistency and apparent randomness of serial testing is confusing and adds to the limitations of these tests and definitions to follow-up close TB contacts.

The practice of nurses caring for families of pediatric inpatients in light of Jean Watson / La práctica del cuidado del enfermero com famílias de niños según jean watson / A prática do cuidado do enfermeiro com famílias de criança à luz de Jean Watson

Objective To know the facilities and the difficulties of nurses in caring practice of hospitalized children’s families in the light of Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. Method It was used the descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection was conducted in three stages: presentation of theoretical content; engagement with families in the light of Watson’s theory; and semi-structured interview with 12 pediatric nurses. The interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis, being possible to form three themes: Recognizing a framework for care; Considering the institutional context; and Challenges in family’s relationship. Results The theory favored reflections about self, about the institutions and about nurses’ relationship with the family of the child, normalized by a consciousness toward caring attitudes. Conclusion In this process, it is imperative that nurses recognize the philosophical-theoretical foundations of care to attend the child’s family in hospital.

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Objetivo Analizar la violencia contra los adolescentes a la luz de las categorías de género y generación. Método It was used the descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection was conducted in three stages: presentation of theoretical content; engagement with families in the light of Watson’s theory; and semi-structured interview with 12 pediatric nurses. The interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis, being possible to form three themes: Recognizing a framework for care; Considering the institutional context; and Challenges in family’s relationship. Resultados The theory favored reflections about self, about the institutions and about nurses’ relationship with the family of the child, normalized by a consciousness toward caring attitudes. Conclusión In this process, it is imperative that nurses recognize the philosophical-theoretical foundations of care to attend the child’s family in hospital.

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Objetivo Conhecer as facilidades e as dificuldades do enfermeiro na prática do cuidado das famílias de crianças internadas, à luz da Teoria do Cuidado Humano de Jean Watson. Método Utilizou a abordagem qualitativa descritiva. A coleta dos dados foi realizada em três etapas: apresentação do conteúdo teórico; engajamento com as famílias à luz da teoria de Watson; e entrevista semiestruturada com 12 enfermeiras de pediatria. As entrevistas foram submetidas à análise temática indutiva, sendo possível formar três temas: Reconhecendo um referencial para o cuidado; Considerando o contexto institucional; e Desafios no relacionamento com a família. Resultados A teoria favoreceu reflexões sobre o self, sobre as instituições e sobre o relacionamento com a família da criança, normalizadas por uma consciência voltada para atitudes de cuidado. Conclusão Nesse processo, é imperativo que o enfermeiro reconheça os fundamentos teórico-filosóficos do cuidado para atender à família da criança no hospital.
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O programa de controle da tuberculose em Pelotas/RS, Brasil: investigação de contatos intradomiciliares / The tuberculosis control program in Pelotas/RS, Brazil: home contact investigations / El programa de control de la tuberculosis de Pelotas/RS, Brasil: investigación de contactos intradomiciliarios

Objetivou-se avaliar as ações de investigação dos contatos intradomiciliares dos casos índices de tuberculose (TB) no Programa de Controle da Tuberculose (PCT), de Pelotas/RS - Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de corte transversal, com dados do prontuário dos casos índices. A amostra foi constituída por 163 contatos de 68 indivíduos com TB pulmonar em tratamento no PCT, entre junho e agosto de 2009. Os contatos eram, predominantemente, do sexo feminino, com idade acima dos 10 anos e filhos dos casos índices. Os exames solicitados foram a radiografia de tórax e a baciloscopia. Verificou-se a presença da doença ativa em 1,8% dos contatos. Os resultados evidenciam que a atenção à TB, em Pelotas/RS - Brasil, centralizada em um único serviço especializado, dificulta a investigação dos contatos intradomiciliares, necessitando envolver a atenção primária, para aproximar os profissionais da família e facilitar o diagnóstico precoce e a interrupção da cadeia de transmissão da TB em tempo oportuno.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the investigation actions of home contacts of tuberculosis (TB) index cases in the Tuberculosis Control Program (TCP) of Pelotas/RS - Brazil. This cross-sectional descriptive study was based on data from the records of index cases. The sample consisted of 163 contacts of 68 subjects with pulmonary TB in treatment in the TCP between June and August, 2009. These contacts were predominantly female, over 10 years of age and the daughters of index cases. The requested examination was a chest radiography and bacilloscopy. Active TB was found in 1.8 % of contacts. Results show that assistance for TB patients in Pelotas-Brazil, which is centralized in a single specialized service, hinders the investigation of home contacts. Primary care is required to narrow the gap between professionals and the family, and facilitate early diagnosis and interruption of the TB transmission chain in a timely manner.

El objetivo fue evaluar las acciones de investigación de los contactos intradomiciliaros de casos índices de tuberculosis (TB), en el Programa de Control de Tuberculosis (PCT) de Pelotas/RS - Brasil. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, con datos del prontuario de los casos índices. La muestra fue constituida por 163 contactos de 68 sujetos con TB pulmonar en tratamiento en el PCT, entre julio y agosto de 2009. Los contactos eran predominantemente del sexo femenino, con edad superior a los 10 años e hijos del caso índice. Los exámenes solicitados fueron Rayos X del tórax y baciloscopia. Se verificó la presencia de la enfermedad activa en un 1,8% de los contactos. Los resultados evidencian que la atención a TB en Pelotas-Brasil, centralizada en un único servicio especializado, dificulta la investigación de los contactos intradomiciliarios, necesitando abarcar la atención primaria, para aproximar a los profesionales de la familia y facilitar el diagnóstico precoz y la interrupción de la cadena de transmisión de la TB en tiempo oportuno.

Sífilis em parturientes: aspectos relacionados ao parceiro sexual / Syphilis in parturients: aspects related to the sex partner

OBJETIVOS: Analisar o perfil sociodemográfico e comportamental dos parceiros sexuais, a proporção daqueles inadequadamente tratados e os motivos da não realização do tratamento. MÉTODOS: Estudo quantitativo cuja coleta de dados ocorreu de maio a outubro de 2008, em cinco maternidades públicas de Fortaleza, Ceará. Foram aplicados questionários às parturientes internadas com sífilis que informaram ter parceiro sexual fixo. Foram analisadas as variáveis sociodemográficas e as relacionadas à comunicação, diagnóstico e tratamento dos parceiros sexuais. Os dados foram digitados no programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences e foram analisados por meio de distribuições de frequências, de medidas de tendência central e de dispersão. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 56 parturientes. Os parceiros sexuais tinham média de idade de 29 anos, menos de 7 anos de estudo (50%), atividade laboral (82,1%), renda familiar inferior a 1 salário-mínimo (6,4%). Eram o pai da criança 92,9 e 69,6% moravam com a parturiente. Faziam uso de álcool e drogas 50 e 12%, respectivamente. Foram comunicados do diagnóstico 75,0% parceiros, a comunicação foi feita pela própria mulher em 78,6% casos e ficaram sabendo do resultado do exame de VDRL antes ou durante o pré-natal, 59,5%. Não revelaram o diagnóstico 25,0% mulheres e os motivos alegados foram: desconhecer a importância do tratamento do parceiro (50,0%), não ter estado com este parceiro após o diagnóstico (42,9%) e estar brigada (7,1%). Dos que souberam do diagnóstico antes ou durante o pré-natal, 56,0% foram tratados e 6 (42,8%) foram considerados adequadamente tratados. Dentre os que não receberam tratamento, 63,6% se recusaram por não se sentir doentes, não acreditar no tratamento e medo de injeção. CONCLUSÕES: Os parceiros são comunicados do diagnóstico de sífilis da gestante; entretanto, poucos são adequadamente tratados.

PURPOSES: To analyze the sociodemographic and behavioral profile of sex partners, the proportion of those inadequately treated as well as to verify how many of them were inadequately treated and why some were not treated. METHODS: Quantitative study with data collected from May to October, 2008 at five public maternities in Fortaleza, Ceará. A survey was carried out with parturients who were hospitalized with syphilis and had a stable sex partner. We analyzed sociodemographic variables and those related to communication, diagnosis and treatment of sex partners. The data were entered into the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and were analyzed using frequency distributions, measures of central tendency and dispersion. RESULTS: The study included 56 pregnant women. Most sexual partners were young adults aged on average 29 years, 50% of them had studied for less than seven years, 82.1 worked and 46.4% had a family income of less than a minimum wage. Of all the partners, 92.9% were the child's father and 69.6% lived with the women. Fifty percent and 12% were alcohol and drug users, respectively. Most partners (75.0%) were told about the diagnosis by the women, and in 78.6% of cases they were aware of the VDRL result before or during the prenatal period. However, 25.0% of the women did not communicate the result to their partners for the following reasons: not knowing the importance of the partner's treatment (50.0%), not being together after the diagnosis (42.9%) and having a quarrel (7.1%). Of the partners who were informed about the result before or during the prenatal period, 56.0% were treated and six (42.8%) were considered to have been properly treated. Among the ones who did not receive treatment, 63.6% refused it because they did not feel sick, because they did not believe in the treatment and because they were afraid of injections. CONCLUSIONS: Partners are told about the syphilis diagnosis of the pregnant women; however, only a few are properly treated.

Hepatitis B virus infection in children, adolescents, and their relatives: genotype distribution and precore and core gene mutations / Infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B em crianças, adolescentes e seus familiares: distribuição dos genótipos e mutações no gene pré-core e core

INTRODUCTION:The objectives of this study were evaluate hepatitis B virus (HBV) serological markers in children and adolescents followed up at the Child Institute of the Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo; identify chronic HBV carriers and susceptible individuals in the intrafamilial environment; characterize HBV genotypes; and identify mutations in the patients and household contacts. METHODS: Ninety-five hepatitis B surface antigen-positive children aged <19 years and 118 household contacts were enrolled in this study. Commercial kits were used for the detection of serological markers, and PCR was used for genotyping. RESULTS: Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was detected in 66.3% (63/95) of cases. Three of the 30 HBeAg-negative and anti-HBeAg-positive patients presented with precore mutations and 11 presented with mutations in the basal core promoter (BCP). Genotype A was identified in 39 (43.8%) patients, genotype D in 45 (50.6%), and genotype C in 5 (5.6%). Of the 118 relatives, 40 were chronic HBV carriers, 52 presented with the anti-HBc marker, 19 were vaccinated, and 7 were susceptible. Among the relatives, genotypes A, D, and C were the most frequent. One parent presented with a precore mutation and 4 presented with BCP mutations. CONCLUSIONS: Genotypes A and D were the most frequent among children, adolescents, and their relatives. The high prevalence of HBV in the families showed the possibility of its intrafamilial transmission.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os objetivos deste estudo foram: avaliar os marcadores sorológicos nas crianças e adolescentes acompanhadas no Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP); identificar portadores crônicos do VHB e indivíduos suscetíveis no ambiente intrafamiliar; caracterizar o genótipo do VHB; observar a presença de cepas mutantes entre os pacientes e familiares estudados. MÉTODOS: Noventa e cinco crianças e adolescentes positivas para o antígeno de superfície do vírus da Hepatite B (AgHBs), menores de 19 anos, e 118 familiares foram envolvidos neste estudo. Foram utilizados kits comerciais para a pesquisa dos marcadores sorológicos e a PCR foi utilizada para genotipagem. RESULTADOS: O antígeno e do vírus da hepatite B (AgHBe) foi detectado em 66,3% (63/95) dos casos. Três dos 30 pacientes AgHBe negativo e anti-HBe positivo apresentaram mutação na região pré-core e 11 na região BCP. Em 39 (43,8%) pacientes, foi identificado o genótipo A, 45 (50,6%)o genótipo D e cinco (5,6%) o genótipo C. Dos 118 familiares estudados, 40 eram portadores crônicos do VHB, 52 tinham marcador sorológico de contato prévio e sete eram suscetíveis. Dentre os familiares AgHBs positivos, os genótipos A, D e C foram os mais frequentes. Um familiar apresentou mutação na região pré-core e quatro apresentaram mutação na região do BCP. CONCLUSÕES: Os genótipos A e D foram os mais frequentes dentre as crianças adolescentes e seus familiares. Alta frequência do VHB nos familiares mostrou a possibilidade de transmissão intrafamiliar.

Fuente de infección de Bordetella pertussis en lactantes hospitalizados por coqueluche / Source of infection in young infants hospitalized with Bordetella pertussis

Background: Despite pertussis vaccination, very young infants have the highest rates of morbidity and mortality caused by the microorganism. Aim: To determine the source of Pertussis infection in infants aged six months or less in Chile. Material and Methods: Twenty six household contacts of 10 young infants hospitalized with confirmed Pertussis were studied for the presence of Bordetella Pertussis by polyme-rase chain reaction (PCR). Clinical and demographic data were analyzed. Results: Respiratory symptoms were present in 20 (77 percent) contacts, being cough the most common. Pertussis cases were identifed in every household and in 18 (72 percent) of the household members. four members with B.pertussis were asymptomatic. Source of infection was identifed in 80 percent (8/10) of the infant cases with ages ranging from 6 to 62 years. Half of primary cases had positive PCR and their cough duration was significantly shorter compared to primary cases with negative PCR. Conclusions: B. pertussis transmission to young infants occurred mainly within the household where adults are generally the source of the infection. Risk factors for infant infection are the same as in developed countries. Therefore, the same strategies, such as routine vaccination in adolescents and adults or cocoon strategy, will help to prevent this disease in infants.

Simulación del nivel de eliminación de sarampión y rubéola según la estratificación e interacción social / Simulating measles and rubella elimination levels according to social stratification and interaction

Objetivo Comparar el nivel de eliminación de enfermedades como sarampión y rubéola en población homogénea y heterogénea según la existencia de estratos sociales con interacción entre individuos de estrato social alto y bajo y diversidad en el número promedio de contactos entre ellos. Métodos Simulaciones del ritmo reproductivo efectivo, derivado de un modelo matemático tipo SIR (Susceptibles Infectados Recuperados), según diferentes ritmos de inmunidad. Se utilizaron datos de incidencia de sarampión (1980 y 2005) y rubéola (1998 y 2005) de América Latina y el Caribe. Se analizó la interacción entre individuos del estrato social alto y bajo con diferente número promedio de contactos mediante análisis de red aleatoria bipartita. Las simulaciones se ejecutaron en MAPLE 12 (Maplesoft Inc, Ontario Canada). Resultados En la población socialmente homogénea se reprodujo el avance en la eliminación de ambas enfermedades entre los dos períodos de tiempo. En el estrato alto y bajo, se lograría la eliminación en sarampión (2005) pero en rubéola (2005) sólo se lograría si hay alto ritmo de inmunidad en el estrato bajo. Si varía el número promedio de contactos habituales, no se lograría la eliminación de rubéola ni con un ritmo de inmunidad de 95 por ciento. Conclusión El seguimiento del nivel de eliminación de enfermedades como sarampión y rubéola demanda la consideración de la situación socioeconómica y del patrón de interacción de la población. Especial atención se debe prestar a comunidades con diversidad en el número promedio de contactos en espacios confinados como comunidades desplazadas, carcelarias, educativas, hospitalarias, etc.

Objective The study was aimed at comparing measles and rubella disease elimination levels in a homogeneous and heterogeneous population according to socioeconomic status with interactions amongst low- and high-income individuals and diversity in the average number of contacts amongst them. Methods Effective reproductive rate simulations were deduced from a susceptibleinfected- recovered (SIR) mathematical model according to different immunisation rates using measles (1980 and 2005) and rubella (1998 and 2005) incidence data from Latin-America and the Caribbean. Low- and high-income individuals' social interaction and their average number of contacts were analysed by bipartite random network analysis. MAPLE 12 (Maplesoft Inc, Ontario Canada) software was used for making the simulations. Results The progress made in eliminating both diseases between both periods of time was reproduced in the socially-homogeneous population. Measles (2005) would be eliminated in high- and low-income groups; however, it would only be achieved in rubella (2005) if there were a high immunity rate amongst the low-income group. If the average number of contacts were varied, then rubella would not be eliminated, even with a 95 percent immunity rate. Conclusion Monitoring the elimination level in diseases like measles and rubella requires that socio-economic status be considered as well as the population's interaction pattern. Special attention should be paid to communities having diversity in their average number of contacts occurring in confined spaces such as displaced communities, prisons, educational establishments, or hospitals.

Clinical, bacteriological and immunological follow-up of household contacts of leprosy patients from a post-elimination area - Antioquia, Colombia

Follow-up of the household contacts (HHC) of leprosy patients is still the best strategy for early detection of leprosy. HHC from a post-elimination region of Colombia studied in 2001-2002 were re-contacted in 2007. They were tested at both times by clinical examination, bacillary index (BI), PCR from a slit skin smear (SSS) and anti PGL-1 IgM titres. Thirty-two of 61 HHC (52 percent) were re-contacted. Nine HHC (28 percent) showed sero-conversion and one had a skin lesion (BI negative, nested PCR positive). Periodic evaluation of HHC can contribute to the detection of infected HHC as well as new and early leprosy cases.

Asymptomatic infection in family contacts of patients with human visceral leishmaniasis in Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil / Infecção assintomática em contactantes de pacientes com leishmaniose visceral humana em Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

The Brazilian city of Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul State, has experienced an urban outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis since 2000. In 2002, due to the increase in the number of cases, 46 families with cases of visceral leishmaniasis were studied to verify the prevalence of asymptomatic infection in household contacts. Indirect immunofluorescence and ELISA showed a 36.4 percent positive infection rate. There were no cases of symptomatic disease among these contacts. There was no statistically significant difference in gender or age. Median age was 21 years, and the 10-19-year age bracket was the most heavily affected (23 percent). As for family characteristics, no differences were observed in schooling or family income; most families (58.7 percent) owned their homes, which were built of masonry (97.8 percent) and had adequate infrastructure. All the families reported what were probably phlebotomine sand flies in the peridomicile. In conclusion, asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis infection is frequent and occurs in both males and females, regardless of age.

O Município de Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, foi alvo de uma epidemia de leishmaniose visceral a partir de 2000. Em 2002, devido ao incremento de casos, estudou-se 46 famílias que apresentavam um caso de doença para verificar-se o percentual de positividade de infecção assintomática por leishmaniose visceral em contactantes. Encontrou-se 36,4 por cento de positividade pelos testes sorológicos Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta e/ou imunoenzimático ELISA, sem diferença estatisticamente significativa quanto ao sexo e faixa etária. A mediana de idade foi de 21 anos, sendo a faixa etária mais acometida de 10 a 19 anos (23 por cento). Quanto às características familiares não observaram-se diferenças quanto ao nível de instrução e renda familiar; a moradia, em sua maioria, era própria (58,7 por cento), em alvenaria (97,8 por cento), com infra-estrutura adequada. Todas as famílias relataram a presença de provável flebotomíneo no peridomicílio. Conclui-se que a infecção assintomática por leishmaniose visceral é freqüente, ocorrendo em homens e mulheres, independente de faixa etária.

Hanseníase: o controle dos contatos no município de Londrina-PR em um período de dez anos / Lepra: el control de los contactos en el municipio de Londrina-PR en un periodo de diez años / Leprosy: control of household contacts in the municipality of Londrina-PR for a ten-year period

Estudo descritivo, com o objetivo de analisar variáveis relacionadas aos contatos de pacientes com hanseníase atendidos no município de Londrina, num período de dez anos. Os dados foram obtidos das fichas de comunicantes e do SINAN. Dentre os 1055 casos de hanseníase, foram registrados 3394 contatos, com média de 3,2. Os indivíduos mais expostos possuem até 40 anos de idade (71,5 por cento), sendo filhos/a (40,6 por cento) e esposo/a (17,8 por cento). Foram examinados 1731 (51,0 por cento) contatos, dos quais, 183 apresentavam algum sinal de hanseníase: confirmados 16 casos, descartados 47 e não concluíram a investigação 120 (65,6 por cento). A maioria dos contatos (51,6 por cento) foi exposta às formas multibacilares e 10,1 por cento comprovaram a efetivação de duas doses da BCG. Conclui-se que está havendo falhas no acompanhamento dos contatos.

The purpose of this descriptive study is to analyze variables related to leprosy patients' household contacts who received treatment in Londrina-PR-Brazil for a ten-year period. The data analysis was based on the health service's records and from a system of infectious disease. Out of 1055 leprosy's patients, it was recorded 3394 contacts with an average of 3,2. The most exposed individuals were those aged up to 40 (71,5 percent); son/daughter (40.6 percent) and husband/wife (17.8 percent). Of the1731 contacts (51.0 percent) examined, 183 showed some signs of the disease: there were 16 confirmed cases, 47 were excluded and 120 did not finish the clinical investigation. Most of the contacts (51.6 percent) were exposed to the multibacillary forms and 12.8 percent proved they were vaccinated with two doses of BCG. It is possible to conclude that the follow-up of the contacts was not adequate.

Estudio descriptivo, con el objetivo de analizar variables relacionadas a los contactos de pacientes con Lepra que son atendidos en el município de Londrina, en un período de diez años. Los datos fueron obtenidos en las fichas de los acompañantes y del SINAN (órgano del MInisterio de Salud que registra la ocurrencia de toda enfermedad transmisible). Entre los 1055 casos de hanseníase, fueron registrados 3394 contactos, con una media de 3,2. Los individuos más expuestos tienen hasta 40 años de edad (71,5 por ciento), siendo hijos/as (40,6 por ciento) y esposos/as (17,8 por ciento). Fueron examinados 1731 (51,0 por ciento) contactos, de los cuales, 183 presentaban alguna señal de la lepra: confirmados 16 casos, descartados 47 y sin concluir la investigación 120. La mayoría de los contactos (51,6 por ciento) fue expuesta a las formas multibacilares y 12,8 por ciento comprobó la administración de dos dosis de la BCG. Se concluye que está habiendo fallas en el acompañamiento de los contactos.