Horizontal histological sections in the preliminary evaluation of basal cell carcinoma submitted to Mohs micrographic surgery

Abstract Background: Mohs micrographic surgery is a surgical technique for the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Surgery begins by removing the visible tumor before excision of the tissue specimens for evaluation of the tumor margins. Objectives: To present a new way to evaluate the material obtained from debulking, by horizontal histological analysis of the fragment. Methods: Descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study based on the medical records and histological lamellae of patients with primary basal cell carcinomas smaller than 1.5 cm submitted to Mohs micrographic surgery and who had the visible tumor analyzed by horizontal histological sections. Results: The sample evaluated included 16 patients with lesions located on the face. Comparing the histopathological examinations of incisional biopsy in vertical sections and debulking in horizontal sections, there was agreement in seven cases. The histological analysis performed in horizontal sections allowed identification of the tumor site in 13 cases, and the relation between tumor and margin showed that in 11 cases, the lateral margin was compromised.Study limitations: The technique was better-applied in lesions smaller than 2 cm. Conclusion: Horizontal histological analysis of debulking has advantages for Mohs surgery, since it allows visualization of almost all tumor extension in the same view plane of the dermatoscopy, allowing better definition of the histological subtype, tumor site, and tumor/margin of lesions less than 1.5 cm.

Study of skin neoplasms in a university hospital: integration of anatomopathological records and its interface with the literature

Abstract: Background: Skin cancer is a highly prevalent condition with a multifactorial etiology resulting from genetic alterations, environmental and lifestyle factors. In Brazil, among all malignant tumors, skin cancers have the highest incidences. Objective: To retrospectively evaluate the incidence, prevalence and profile of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and cutaneous melanoma in Campos dos Goytacazes and region. Methods: In total, 2,207 histopathological reports of a local reference hospital were analyzed between January 2013 and December 2015, of which 306 corresponded to the neoplasms studied. Results: Of the 306 reports evaluated, 232 basal cell carcinomas (75.9%), 55 squamous cell carcinomas (18%) and 19 cutaneous melanomas (6.5%) were identified. The face was the most involved anatomical site (58.8%) and women (51%) were the most affected gender. The temporal analysis revealed a decrease in the overall incidence of 3.4% from 2013 to 2014 and 5.4% from 2014 to 2015. There was a 10.1% increase in basal cell carcinomas and 38% in melanomas in this period; however, there was a decrease in the number of squamous cell carcinomas of 14.8% during the studied years. Study limitations: Some samples of cutaneous fragments had no identification of the anatomical site of origin. Conclusion: Research that generates statistical data on cutaneous tumors produces epidemiological tools useful in the identification of risk groups and allows the adoption of more targeted and efficient future prevention measures.

Carcinoma basocelular. Un reto actual para el dermatólogo / Basal cell carcinoma. An actual challenge for the dermatologist

RESUMEN El carcinoma basocelular es un tumor maligno de origen epitelial, su crecimiento es lento y rara vez metastiza. Este puede producir destrucción local y comprometer extensas áreas de tejido, cartílago y hueso. Existen variantes clínicas e histológicas y constituye el cáncer más frecuente en humanos y su incidencia está en aumento. Se realizó una revisión para exponer los aspectos esenciales sobre factores predisponentes, formas clínicas y diagnóstico, así como las opciones terapéuticas en esta entidad. Se desarrolló una búsqueda en la Biblioteca Virtual de Infomed y Google. Fueron revisados veinticinco trabajos científicos sin limitación de año y país, de los cuales quince pertenecen a los últimos 5 años. El carcinoma basocelular se considera de origen multifactorial, el carcinógeno más importante es la luz ultravioleta. La forma clínica más frecuente es la variedad nodular y la distribución es en cara y cuello. La elección del tratamiento dependerá del tamaño de la lesión, la localización, la edad y estado general del paciente. A pesar de tener baja malignidad y mortalidad, puede ocasionar destrucción y deformidad y repercutir en la vida de los pacientes. El dominio de los factores de riesgo, los elementos para el diagnóstico precoz y las opciones terapéuticas son indispensable para elegir la conducta adecuada frente a la enfermedad y promover cambios en el estilo de vida, que favorezcan la prevención y disminuyan la morbilidad por esta causa (AU).

ABSTRACT Basal cell Carcinoma (BCC) is an epidermal malignant tumor, it has a slow growth and seldom metastases. It can produce local destruction and compromise big tissue areas, cartilage and bone. There are clinical and histological presentations. It is one of the most common cancer in humans and its incidence is increasing. This project's goal is to expose the essential aspects about the predisposal factors, clinic presentations and diagnoses as well as this disorder's therapeutic options.This study was made from different bibliographical revisions. The research was developed on Infomed Database and Google. Twenty five Scientific studies were researched without country and/or timeline limit, from whom fifteen belongs to the last 5 years. BCC is considered to have a multifactorial origin, whose most important carcinogen is the ultraviolet light. The most frequent clinical presentation is the nodular and the most common distribution is face and neck. The treatment choice depends on the tumor size, its distribution and the patient's age and current state. Although it is a low malignancy and low-death rate neoplasia, it can cause tissue destruction and affect patient's social life. The management of the risk factors, the elements for the early diagnosis and the therapeutic options are indispensable to choose the adequate behavior for the disorder and promote life style changes that favor the prevention and lower the morbidity rate (AU).

Evaluation of surgical margins according to the histological type of basal cell carcinoma

Abstract: Basal cell carcinoma is the most common skin cancer in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical margin of basal cell carcinoma and correlate this with its histologic subtype. A retrospective analysis of pathology laboratory records from 1990 to 2000 was performed and the following data was collected: age, sex, race, anatomical location, histological type, and state of the excision margins in 1,428 histopathological reports of basal cell carcinoma. Ages ranged from 6 to 99 years, with an average of 57. There was a slight predominance of lesions in white women patients, and the most common histological subtype was the nodular, followed by the superficial. The most common locations were in the head and neck, with highest prevalence appeared in the nose. Surgical margins revealed a lateral involvement of 20.14% and a deep involvement of 12.47%. The fibrosing basal cell carcinoma is the histological type that most often presented positive surgical margins.

Recurrence rate of basal cell carcinoma with positive histopathological margins and related risk factors

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The best way to approach surgically removed basal cell carcinoma with positive histopathological margins is a controversial issue. Some authors believe that the more appropriate treatment is an immediate reoperation while others prefer a periodic follow up. The rates of recurrence are variable in literature, between 10% and 67%. OBJECTIVE: To define the recurrence rate of basal cell carcinoma with positive margins after surgery. Secondarily, identify morphological aspects that can suggest a more frequent tumoral recurrence. METHODS: This was a retrospective and observational study made by analysis of medical records of 487 patients between January 2003 and December 2009 in Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (HC-UFPR). From 402 basal cell carcinomas surgically treated, 41 fulfilled inclusion criteria and were evaluated for five years or more. Recurrence rate of these tumors was analyzed in all patients and clinical characteristics such as sex, age, tumor size, tumor site, ulceration, and histological type were evaluated in order to find if they were related to more common tumoral recurrence. RESULTS: The rate of positive margins after surgery was 12.18%. There were five cases of tumoral recurrence in the observation group and three cases in the re-excision group. Tumor size, site, histological type, ulceration and type of positive margin did not differ statistically between groups. It was not possible to consider if these factors were important in recurrence rates. STUDY LIMITATIONS: Ideally, a prospective study with a larger sample would be more accurate. CONCLUSION: The treatment of choice in basal cell carcinoma with positive margins must be individualized to reduce recurrence rates.

Initial basal cell carcinomas diagnosed in the National Campaign for Skin Cancer Prevention are smaller than those identified by the conventional medical referral system

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Basal cell carcinoma is the malignant tumor most often diagnosed in the National Campaign for Skin Cancer Prevention (NCSCP). Little is known about the profile of these lesions compared to the profile of lesions diagnosed by conventional routes of public dermatological care. OBJECTIVE: To identify if basal cell carcinomas identified in prevention campaigns and referred to surgery are smaller than those routinely removed in a same medical institution. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including tumors routed from 2011-2014 campaigns and 84 anatomopathological reports of outpatients. RESULTS: The campaigns identified 223 individuals with suspicious lesions among 2,531 examinations (9%), with 116 basal cell carcinomas removed. Anatomopathological examinations revealed that the primary lesions identified in the national campaigns were smaller than those referred to surgery by the conventional routes of public health care (28 [13-50] x 38 [20-113] mm2, p <0.01). On the other hand, after a mean follow-up of 15.6 ± 10.3 months, 31% of cases identified in campaigns showed new basal cell carcinoma lesions. STUDY LIMITATIONS: Retrospective study and inaccuracies in the measurements of the lesions. CONCLUSIONS: The NCSCP promotes an earlier treatment of basal cell carcinomas compared to patients referred to surgery by the conventional routes of public health care, which can result in lower morbidity rates and better prognosis.

Analysis of effectiveness of a surgical treatment algorithm for basal cell carcinoma

Abstract BACKGROUND: Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for basal cell carcinoma and micrographic surgery considered the gold standard, however not yet used routinely worldwide available, as in Brazil. Considering this, a previously developed treatment guideline, which the majority of tumors were treated by conventional technique (not micrographic) was tested. OBJECTIVE: To establish the recurrence rate of basal cell carcinomas treated according to this guideline. METHOD: Between May 2001 and July 2012, 919 basal cell carcinoma lesions in 410 patients were treated according to the proposed guideline. Patients were followed-up and reviewed between September 2013 and February 2014 for clinical, dermatoscopic and histopathologic detection of possible recurrences. RESULTS: After application of exclusion criteria, 520 lesions were studied, with 88.3% primary and 11.7% recurrent tumors. Histological pattern was indolent in 85.5%, 48.6% were located in high risk areas and 70% small tumors. Only 7.3% were treated by Mohs micrographic surgery. The recurrence rate, in an average follow-up period of 4.37 years, was 1.3% for primary and 1.63% for recurrent tumors. Study limitations: unicenter study, with all patients operated on by the same surgeon. CONCLUSION: The treatment guideline utilized seems a helpful guide for surgical treatment of basal cell carcinoma, especially if micrographic surgery is not available.

Dermatoscopy-guided therapy of pigmented basal cell carcinoma with imiquimod

Abstract BACKGROUND: Dermatoscopy is a non-invasive diagnostic tool used to examine skin lesions with an optical magnification. It has been suggested as a useful tool for monitoring therapeutic response in lentigo maligna patients treated with imiquimod. OBJECTIVE: To examine the accuracy of dermatoscopy as a tool to monitor the therapeutic response of pigmented basal cell carcinoma treated with imiquimod. METHOD: The authors designed a prospective study. Patients with pigmented basal cell carcinoma were included and data regarding the dermatoscopy features were collected following the Menzies criteria, prior to initiating the imiquimod treatment. Subsequent dermatoscopic evaluations were performed at weeks 4 and 8, following imiquimod discontinuation. RESULTS: Twenty lesions were included. The most common pigmented dermatoscopy features were large blue-grey ovoid nests (80%), followed by blue-grey globules (50%) and leaf-like areas (30%). No spoke wheel areas were observed. In 17 out of 20 patients, a response was noted during the first evaluation at 4 weeks, while the clearance was noted at the second check-up after 8 weeks. In two patients, the clearance was found at the initial evaluation at 4 weeks, while in one patient, the response remained unchanged. Blue-grey globules were the fastest to exhibit clearance (50% at week 4), followed by leaf-like areas (15%) and large blue-grey ovoid nests (6.25%). CONCLUSION: According to our results, dermatoscopic evaluation enhances the accuracy in the assessment of the clinical response to imiquimod in pigmented basal cell carcinoma.

Reconstrução nasal: análise de série de casos / Nasal reconstruction: an analysis of a series of cases

INTRODUÇÃO: A reconstrução nasal é desafiadora devido à posição central e proeminente do nariz na face. Pequenos defeitos nessa região tornam-se óbvios. Análise retrospectiva das 146 cirurgias de reconstrução nasal nos Serviços Integrados de Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital Ipiranga - SICPHI, avaliando a incidência dos defeitos nasais, assim como as principais técnicas cirúrgicas realizadas de acordo com cada região nasal. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo retrospectivo pela revisão de 109 prontuários e arquivos fotográficos, dos pacientes atendidos nos Serviços Integrados de Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital Ipiranga, em São Paulo, SP, no período compreendido entre janeiro de 2011 a junho de 2014. RESULTADOS: Foram realizadas 146 cirurgias. A faixa etária média foi de 67 anos. Em relação ao tipo de tumores malignos encontrados, 104 (73%) eram carcinoma basocelular e três (2%) carcinoma espinocelular. As 36 (25%) lesões restantes eram de características benignas. As regiões nasais mais acometidas foram: asa nasal, 55 (38%); dorso, 36 (25%); ponta, 26 (18%); lateral, 12 (8%); não especificada, sete (5%); comprometimento total do nariz, cinco (3%); e columela, dois (1%). Observou-se a preferência ao fechamento primário dos defeitos. No caso de impossibilidade do mesmo, realizaram-se retalhos locais, concordando com a literatura. CONCLUSÃO: As subunidades estéticas nasais podem ser reconstruídas por uma variabilidade de técnicas cirúrgicas. O cirurgião deve buscar um adequado resultado estético e funcional.

INTRODUCTION: Nasal reconstruction is challenging because of the central position and role of the nose in the face. Minor defects in this region become obvious. A retrospective analysis of 146 nasal reconstruction surgeries in the Integrated Plastic Surgery Services of the Ipiranga Hospital (SICP-HI) was performed, evaluating the incidence of nasal defects, as well as the main surgical techniques performed in accordance with each nasal region. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study through a review of 109 medical records and photograph archives of patients treated in SICP-HI, São Paulo, SP, from January 2011 to June 2014. RESULTS: A total of 146 surgeries were performed. The mean patient age was 67 years. Regarding the type of malignant tumors found, 104 (73%) were basal cell carcinoma and 3 (2%) were squamous cell carcinoma. The remaining 36 (25%) lesions were benign. The most affected nasal regions were as follows: nasal wing, 55 (38%); the dorsum, 36 (25%); tip, 26 (18%); sidewalls, 12 (8%); unspecified, 7 (5%); total involvement of the nose, 5 (3%); and the columella, 2 (1%). There was a preference for primary closure of the defect. However, if this was infeasible, local flaps were used, in agreement with the literature. CONCLUSION: The nasal aesthetic subunits can be reconstructed using a variety of surgical techniques. The surgeon should seek an appropriate aesthetic and functional outcome.

Tratamento cirúrgico do câncer de pele pelo cirurgião plástico / Surgical treatment of skin cancer by the plastic surgeon

Introdução: O câncer de pele é a neoplasia mais frequente no Brasil e corresponde a 25% de todos os tumores malignos. O melhor tratamento é a ressecção cirúrgica em fases iniciais. O cirurgião plástico, juntamente com uma equipe multiprofissional, participa no tratamento desta doença. O objetivo é analisar a eficácia dos procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados pelo cirurgião plástico no tratamento do câncer de pele. Método: Foram analisados 404 prontuários de pacientes operados no período de fevereiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2012 e analisados gênero, idade, diagnóstico, localização e evolução. Resultados: Faixa etária com média de 62 anos. 53% de casos de carcinoma basocelular, 25,5% melanoma e 15,1% carcinoma espinocelular. Houve predomínio de mulheres nos carcinomas basocelulares (56%) e no melanoma (54%) e de homens nos carcinomas espinocelulares (61%). Os carcinomas basocelulares (92,99%) e espinocelulares (72,13%) tiveram sua predominância na região de cabeça e pescoço; enquanto o melanoma predominou em região de tronco (36,89%) e membros inferiores (24,27%). Foram realizadas 67 cirurgias com pesquisa de linfonodo sentinela, com positividade em 14,93%. 7,76% dos pacientes de melanoma apresentaram metástases e 2,91% vieram a óbito. Conclusão: O cirurgião plástico é um dos profissionais importantes para o tratamento do câncer de pele, sendo o mais apto para realizar as reconstruções após as ressecções tumorais, pois tem em sua formação os conceitos de reparação, utilizando-se de enxertos e retalhos e considerando o aspecto estético dos pacientes. Cabe-lhe também a realização da cirurgia de pesquisa de linfonodo sentinela e o seguimento dos pacientes com câncer de pele.

Introduction: Skin cancer is the most common neoplasm in Brazil and it corresponds to 25% of all diagnosed malignant tumors. The best treatment is surgical resection in early stages. The disease is treated by a plastic surgeon along with a multidisciplinary team. The objective is to assess the effectiveness of surgical procedures performed by plastic surgeons to treat skin cancer. Methods: We analyzed medical records of 404 patients operated on between February 2009 and December 2012. Data analyzed included gender, age, diagnosis, localization and evolution. Results: Patients' mean age was 62 years. A total of 53% of patients had basal cell carcinoma, 25.5% melanoma and 15.1% squamous cell carcinoma. There was a predominance of women in basal cell carcinomas (56%) and melanoma (54%) and predominance of men in squamous cell carcinomas (61%). Basal cell carcinomas (92.99%) and squamous (72.13%) were predominant in the head and neck, melanoma predominated in the trunk region (36.89%) and in lower limbs (24.27%). We performed 67 surgeries with sentinel lymph node, with positivity in 14.93%. Patients with melanoma who had metastasis accounted for 7.76% and 2.91% patients died. Conclusion: Plastic surgeons are one of the important professionals for skin cancer treatment. These professionals are the most skilled one to perform reconstructions after tumor resections, because during education they learn repair concepts using grafts and flaps especially focused on aesthetic appearance of patients. They can also perform surgery for sentinel lymph node and offer follow-up to patients with skin cancer.

Reconstrução em cirurgia micrográfica / Reconstruction in Mohs micrographic surgery

Introdução: A cirurgia micrográfica de Mohs é empregada para exérese de neoplasias cutâneas, especialmente carcinomas basocelulares de subtipos histológicos localmente agressivos, tumores recidivados ou localizados em regiões nobres. Apresenta elevados índices de cura e permite preservação tecidual. O objetivo é analisar a eficácia da cirurgia micrografia de Mohs e os métodos de reconstrução utilizados. Método: Foram coletados, retrospectivamente, dados de 50 pacientes submetidos à exérese de tumores cutâneos por meio da cirurgia micrográfica de Mohs e à reconstrução da perda de substância. Todos os pacientes foram operados no período entre janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2013 na Clínica de Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital Felício Rocho (Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil). Os pacientes foram estudados com relação à idade, gênero, localização do tumor, tratamento prévio, tipo histológico, número de fragmentos analisados na cirurgia micrográfica, método de reconstrução empregado e proservação. Resultados: Trinta e um pacientes (62%) foram do gênero feminino e 19 (38%) do masculino. A média de idade foi de 63,8 anos. Todas as lesões encontravam-se na face, com 66% dos casos com acometimento da região nasal. Considerando o diagnóstico pré-operatório, 48 casos (96%) eram carcinoma basocelulares e dois casos (4%) correspondiam ao carcinoma microcístico anexial. Retalhos locais foram o tipo de reconstrução mais utilizado. Os pacientes foram acompanhados por média de 48,4 meses. Nenhum caso de recidiva tumoral foi observado. Conclusão: A cirurgia micrográfica de Mohs se mostrou altamente eficaz no tratamento dos 50 casos de neoplasias cutâneas. Recomenda-se que os defeitos cirúrgicos sejam reparados pelo cirurgião plástico.

Introduction: Mohs micrographic surgery is used for the excision of skin neoplasms, especially in locally aggressive histological subtypes of basal cell carcinoma, tumor recurrences, or tumors located in critical areas . This technique has a high cure rate and allows maximum preservation of tissues. In this study, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of Mohs micrographic surgery and reconstruction methods. Method: Data from 50 patients who underwent Mohs micrographic surgery to excise skin tumors and reconstruct lost tissue were collected retrospectively. All patients were operated on between January 2005 and December 2013 at the Plastic Surgery Clinic of the Felício Rocho Hospital (Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil). The patients' age, sex, tumor location, previous treatment, histological type, number of segments analyzed by micrographic surgery, reconstruction method used, and preservation were studied. Results: Thirtyone patients (62%) were women and 19 (38%) were men. The mean age was 63.8 years. All lesions were facial, with 66% of cases affecting the nasal area. Pre-surgery, there were 48 cases (96%) of basal cell carcinoma and 2 cases (4%) of microcystic adnexal carcinoma. Local flaps were the most used reconstruction method. The patients were followed-up for a mean of 48.4 months. We did not observe any cases of tumor recurrence. Conclusion: Mohs micrographic surgery was shown to be effective in the treatment of 50 skin neoplasms. We recommend that surgical defects should be repaired by the plastic surgeon.

Diagnóstico e tratamento do câncer de pele em albinos: estudo descritivo / Diagnosis and treatment for skin cancer in albinos: a descriptive study

Introdução: Descrever a casuística envolvendo albinos, quanto à forma de apresentação, local, tratamento e acompanhamento dos tumores de pele. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, de Abril à Julho de 2011, analisando um total de doze prontuários. Buscando nos resultados histopatológicos, e nas descrições dos procedimentos cirúrgicos, reunir e reportar dados específicos. Resultados: Doze pacientes albinos apresentaram 273 lesões e foram estudados. Oito homens e 4 mulheres, com idades variando entre 23 e 80 anos, sendo a maioria acima de 40 anos (92%). A localização mais comum das lesões foi na cabeça e pescoço, sendo o tipo histológico mais frequente o CBC (Carcinoma Basocelular) (36,63%), seguido do CEC. Algumas lesões também encontradas foram carcinoma tricoblástico, sarcoma de alto grau, verruga vulgar, melanoma in situ e Doença de Bowen. Em média os pacientes foram acompanhados, por 98,6 meses. Dentre os procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados o mais comum foi à realização de síntese primária (82,41%) e em segundo lugar os retalhos, sendo dois microcirúrgicos (VRAM e RALC). Os tamanhos das lesões foram divididos em menores ou iguais a 4 cm (80,20%) e maiores do que 4 cm (19,80%). Conclusão: Através de uma breve agregação de dados foi possível descrever uma casuística com dados semelhantes aos expostos na literatura internacional, apesar da escassez dos mesmos, possibilitando uma comparação e demonstração entre a relação sobre albinismo e tumores de pele, porém novas séries descritivas com mais pacientes são necessárias para melhor avaliação global. Assim a prevenção continua sendo a melhor forma de monitoramento e acompanhamento dos pacientes portadores de albinismo.

Introduction: To describe a case series involving albinos as to the form, location, treatment and monitoring of skin tumors. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective from April to July 2011, analyzing a total of twelve charts. Seeking the histopathologic results, and descriptions of surgical procedures, collect and report specific data. Results: Twelve patients had albinos and 273 injuries were studied. Eight men and 4 women, aged between 23 and 80 years, the majority being over 40 years old (92%). The most common injuries were to the head and neck being the most common histological type BCC (36.63%), followed by the CEC. Some injuries were also found tricoblástico carcinoma, high-grade sarcoma, verruca vulgaris, melanoma in situ and Bowen's disease. On average, patients were followed for 98.6 months. Among the surgical procedures the most common was the realization of primary synthesis (82.41%) and second flaps, two microsurgical (VRAM and RALC). The sizes of the lesions was divided into equal or lower than 4 cm (80.20%) and higher than 4 cm (19.80%). Conclusion: Using a short data aggregation was possible to describe a sample with similar data exposed in the international literature, despite the lack of them, allowing a comparison and demonstration about the relationship between albinism and skin tumors, but new series with more patients are needed to better overall evaluation. So prevention remains the best way of monitoring and follow-up of patients with albinism.

Análise do tratamento do carcinoma basocelular / Analysis of basal cell carcinoma treatment

Introdução: O câncer de pele na população brasileira é a neoplasia mais comum. Localiza-se com mais frequência na face, causando morbidade tanto funcional quanto estética aos pacientes. O tratamento consiste na ressecção oncológica da lesão, preservando a função com a menor deformidade possível. O câncer de pele mais comum é o carcinoma basocelular (CBC), correspondendo entre 70-80% dos casos. Método: Avaliamos retrospectivamente 73 pacientes com 95 carcinomas basocelulares no período de março de 2010 a maio de 2012. Foram analisados os seguintes critérios: idade, sexo, cor, comorbidades, exposição solar, presença de consulta prévia com dermatologia, localização da lesão, tamanho da lesão, tipo clínico, tipo histológico, tipo de reconstrução, complicações cirúrgicas, margem cirúrgicas, conduta na margem cirúrgica comprometida, anatomopatológico após reintervenção, presença de recidiva e aparecimento de outra lesão primária no mesmo paciente. Resultados: A idade média foi de 60,73 anos. O sexo feminino correspondeu a 56,16%. A Exposição solar foi referida em 73,97% dos casos. O tamanho médio da lesão foi 0,91 cm. O local mais frequente foi a face (71,58%). O retalho local foi utilizado em 54,74% dos casos. O CBC sólido circunscrito foi o mais frequente. As margens comprometidas ocorreram em 8,42% dos casos, demonstrando relação com lesões maiores de 2cm e com o nariz sem significância estatística. Conclusão: No tratamento do carcinoma basocelular é importante a participação do cirurgião plástico, objetivando a ressecção sob princípios oncológicos, realizando a reparação da área afetada, a manutenção funcional e a menor alteração estética possível.

Introduction: Skin cancer is the most common neoplasm in the Brazilian population. It most frequently presents on the face, causing functional and aesthetic morbidity in patients. Its treatment consists in resection of the lesion while preserving the skin's function with the least possible deformity. The most common skin cancer is basal cell carcinoma (BCC), representing 70­80% of all cases. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 73 patients with 95 BCCs from March 2010 to May 2012. The following characteristics were analyzed: age, sex, skin color, comorbidities, sun exposure, prior dermatological consultation, lesion site, lesion size, clinical type, histological type, reconstruction type, surgical complications, surgical margins, management of compromised surgical margins, anatomical pathology after reintervention, recurrence, and appearance of another primary lesion in the same patient. Results: The mean age of the patients was 60.73 years. Female patients accounted for 56.16%. Sun exposure was reported in 73.97% of patients. The mean lesion size was 0.91 cm, and the most common lesion site was the face (71.58%). A local flap was used in 54.74% of cases. Circumscribed solid BCC was the most common type. Compromised margins occurred in 8.42% of cases, demonstrating a relation between lesions >2 cm and the nose but without statistical significance. Conclusion: The plastic surgeon plays an important role in the treatment of BCC, aiming to perform resection following oncological principles, repair the affected area, and maintain the skin's functionality with the least possible cosmetic alterations.

Fístula cutánea odontogénica: reporte de un caso que simula un carcinoma basocelular / Cutaneous sinus tract: report of a case simulating a basal cell carcinoma

La fistula cutánea odontogénica (FCO) es una entidad conocida, aunque no frecuente, que afecta mayormente áreas faciales cercanas a la región maxilar o mandibular, y es producida casi siempre por abscesos dentarios periapicales. Tiene mayor prevalencia en los adultos y en ocasiones es posible identificar la causa que lo originó. Se presenta el caso de una paciente mayor, con una lesión nodular de evolución crónica y progresiva en región nasogeniana, con apariencia clínica inicial de carcinoma basocelular, que luego de ser descartado con una biopsia cutánea, obliga a ampliar el estudio, llegándose finalmente al diagnóstico de FCO, con resolución total de la lesión. La FCO resulta muchas veces mal diagnosticada debido a que puede tomar la apariencia clínica de otras entidades más frecuentes; su presentación es variada y no siempre se presenta en áreas muy cercanas al sitio de origen, resulta importante tenerla en cuenta para un adecuado y pronto tratamiento.

Cutaneous sinus tract odontogenic is a known entity, but not frequent, mostly affecting facial areas near the maxillary or mandibular region, and is almost always caused by periapical dental abscesses. lt's more prevalent in adults and sometimes is possible to identify the cause that originated ir. We report the case of an older patient with a nodular chronic and progressive lesion in nasogenian region, with initial clinical appearance of basal cell carcinoma, which was then ruled by a skin biopsy, requiring expansion of the study, eventually reaching the diagnosis of cutaneous sinus tract with total resolution of the lesion. This condition is often misdiagnosed because it may take the clinical appearance of other more common entities; its presentation is varied and not always occurs in areas very close to the site of origin, is important to take into account for a proper and prompt treatment.

Melanoma maligno como complicación de transplante renal tratado con interferon alfa-2B / Malignant melanoma how complication of renal transplantation treated with interferon alpha-2B

Caso de paciente masculino 41 años, diabético tipo 1, trasplantado renal con tratamiento inmunosupresor, antecedente de carcinoma basocelular y espinocelular in situ tratado quirúrgicamente. Presentó en 2007 lesión nodular hiperpigmentada en pectoral izquierdo, se realizó exéresis con histopatología junio 2008: melanoma Clark III, Breslow 4 mm, ganglio centinela negativo. Clasificado como melanoma pectoral izquierdo Clark III Breslow 4 mm Estadio II (pT4aN0M0). Sintomatología gástrica noviembre 2009 estudios de imagen: hígado con lesiones nodulares múltiples tipo metastásicas, punción con aguja fina de hígado: melanoma metastásico. Reactivación a hígado múltiples metástasis, y metástasis pulmón derecho en diciembre 2009. Recibió tratamiento con temozolamida por ser paciente inmunosuprimido, con riñón único y baja depuración de creatinina, y limitación de quimioterapia con platino, recibió 3 ciclos, con progresión de enfermedad clínica e imaginológica, recibe segunda línea con interferón alfa-2b dosis modificadas, evolucionando tórpidamente, fallece por insuficiencia hepática complicada encefalopatía e insuficiencia renal crónica reagudizada.

Male patient of 41 years, type 1 diabetes, renal transplant immunosuppressive treatment, history of squamous cell carcinoma spleen in situ treated by surgery with free margins, submitted in 2007 hyperpigmented nodular lesion in the left chest, was performed exéresis with histopathology June 2008: melanoma Clark III, Breslow 4mm, sentinel node negative. Left pectoral classified as Clark III melanoma Breslow 4mm Stadium II (pT4aN0M0) May 2008 with multiple liver reactivation metastases, in November 2009 have gastric symptoms with imaging studies reported multiple nodular liver lesions type metastatic liver biopsy of metastatic melanoma and in right lung December 2009, was treated with temozolomide given immunocompromised patient treated with single kidney and low creatinine clearance with limited platinum-based chemotherapy received three cycles, showing progression of clinical disease and imaging, get second line with interferon alfa-2b dose modified, evolving torpidamente and died from liver failure complicated by encephalopathy and exacerbation of chronic renal failure.

Recidivas e recorrências de carcinomas basocelulares da face / Relapses and recurrences of basal cell face carcinomas

Para avaliar fatores relacionados ao seguimento oncológico dos carcinomas basocelulares da face, foi realizada a análise de série de casos. Avaliaram-se 465 pacientes, com 834 carcinomas basocelulares de face; 3,1 por cento apresentaram recidivas. Nos tumores incompletamente excisados, a recidiva foi 14,7 por cento contra 2,3 por cento dos tumores, com margens livres. Ocorreram mais na região nasal. As taxas de recorrência evidenciaram risco cumulativo. Estes achados reforçam a importância do seguimento oncológico após a cirurgia do carcinoma basocelular.

To evaluate factors related to oncological follow-up of basal cell face carcinomas it was carried out the analysis of a series of cases. Four hundred sixty-five patients with 834 basal cell face carcinomas were evaluated; 3,1 percent presented recurrences. There was 14.7 percent of recurrence in incompletely excised tumors against 2.3 percent of the tumors with clear margins. Recurrences were more prevalent on the nose. Relapse rates showed a cumulative risk. These findings reinforce the importance of oncological follow-up after surgery of basal cell carcinoma.

Uso da biomembrana de látex em cavidade exenterada: relato de caso / The use of latex biomembrane in exenteration: case report

A membrana de látex é um material extraído da Hevea brasiliensis, e devido às suas propriedades neoangiogênicas, de adesão celular e formação de matriz extracelular, é utilizada em recobrimentos de úlceras, meringoplastias e outras feridas, com sucesso. Neste caso descrevemos seu uso, inédito, na ferida pós-exenteração orbitária por carcinoma basocelular em paciente do sexo masculino, 72 anos, procedente da Bahia com lesão na pálpebra do olho esquerdo há dois anos com prurido, sangramento, lacrimejamento, e dor. Ao exame oftalmológico do olho esquerdo evidenciou-se lesão ulcerada de pálpebra superior e canto medial, hiperemia conjuntival, afilamento corneano, catarata, perfuração ocular. Sem alterações significativas à direita. A tomografia de órbitas revelou lesão expansiva palpebral com invasão pré-septal, osso frontal e lâmina papirácea à esquerda. Realizada exenteração total com curativo de biomembrana de látex; troca a cada 24 horas nos primeiros sete dias e a cada 48 horas nos outros sete dias. Retirou-se a biomembrana de látex por não ter sido evidenciada granulação, o que só ocorreu após um mês e quinze dias. A exenteração orbitária consiste na retirada de todo o conteúdo da órbita, incluindo olho e partes moles. É considerada total quando as pálpebras são incluídas, e subtotal quando as mesmas são preservadas. Existem várias técnicas de reconstrução da cavidade exenterada: como granulação espontânea, enxerto de pele, retalho frontal, retalho miocutâneo, entre outros. Neste caso utilizamos curativo com biomembrana de látex, material que se mostrou eficaz no recobrimento de outros tecidos cruentos como úlceras, mas sem o mesmo sucesso em nossa experiência. Mais estudos são necessários para que possamos concluir as vantagens e desvantagens do uso da biomembrana de látex na área da oftalmologia.

The latex biomembrane is a material from Hevea brasiliensis and has angiogenic properties, cellular adhesion and extracellular matrix formation. It has been used for the treatment of ulcers in the inferior extremities caused by diabetes, chronic vascular insufficiency and timpanic perforations. In this study we report a case of biomembrane use to promote granulation in the orbital cavity after exenteration in a male, 72 years, who came into our service with a left eyelid lesion for two years. The ocular examination revealed a hyperemic conjunctiva, corneal thinning, cataract and ocular perforation in the left eye. The right eye had no alterations. There was an expansive and ulcerated lesion with orbital septum, frontal bone and lamina papiracea invasion confirmed by tomography. A total exenteration of the cavity was made and the biomembrane was applied to the affected site. Changes were made every 24 hours in the first seven days, and every other day in the following seven days. The biomembrane had to be taken from the patient because no granulation could be seen. Just one occurred and a half month later. Exenteration is a procedure in which all of the orbital content is removed. If the eyelids are included it is called total exenteration. There are many exenteration techniques as spontaneous granulation, skin grafts, miocutaneous flap, etc. In this case we used a material which has been successfully applied for other wounds, but with no efficiency in our experience. More studies are necessary so that we can present benefits to our patients in the ophthalmologic area with the latex biomembrane.

Basal cell carcinoma: an updated epidemiological and therapeutically profile of an urban population

OBJETIVO: Traçar o perfil epidemiológico dos portadores de carcinoma basocelular e , avaliar o tratamento instituído no Serviço de Residência de Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital Jaraguá. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo de 202 pacientes, nos quais foram diagnosticados 253 lesões por exame anátomo-patológico como carcinoma basocelular no período de janeiro de 2001 a setembro de 2003, no Serviço de Residência de Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital Jaraguá. Foram abordados fatores de susceptibilidade do hospedeiro, fatores ambientais, características das lesões, o tratamento instituído e sua eficácia. Os dados encontrados foram submetidos à análise estatística. RESULTADOS: A incidência de carcinoma basocelular encontrada foi de 126 casos/ 100.000 pacientes em 32 meses (36casos/100.000 pacientes/ano). Os pacientes se distribuíram de forma semelhante entre os sexos masculino (48%), e feminino (52%), com uma incidência maior na faixa etária entre 60 e 80 anos (69%), com média de 64,0 anos. A amostra apresentou fatores de susceptibilidade como a raça branca e fototipos I e II em 95,5% dos pacientes. A exposição à radiação ultravioleta foi informada por 77% dos pacientes, e a localização mais freqüente dos tumores foi a face, em 71,2% dos casos. A ceratose actínica e a história de câncer de pele anterior estavam presentes em 43,6% e 25,8%, respectivamente. O tratamento instituído foi o cirúrgico em 99,4% dos casos, sendo que um caso foi tratado com radioterapia por falta de condições clínicas. No anátomo-patológico foram encontradas 20 lesões (8%) com margens comprometidas pelo tumor. A taxa de recidiva no acompanhamento pós-operatório foi de 2% (5 casos). Não houve casos de metástase ou óbito. CONCLUSÕES: Os fatores relacionados ao desenvolvimento do carcinoma basocelular que estão presentes de forma significante na população estudada são: idade avançada,raça branca, fototipos I e II, presença de ceratose actínica, história anterior de câncer de pele não-melanoma e exposição aos raios ultra-violetas tanto de forma recreacional quanto ocupacional.O tratamento instituído foi efetivo com taxas de margens comprometidas e recidivas comparáveis com as da literatura.

Câncer do colo do útero no Estado da Paraiba: uma análise de 2.768 casos / Cancer of cervix in the state of Paraiba, Brazil: analysis of 2.768 cases

O autor analisa 2768 casos de câncer do colo do útero no Estado da Paraíba no período de 1961 a 1986 inclusive com especial ênfase à distribuiçäo etária, estadiamento clínico e padröes histopatológicos. O câncer cervical uterino representa 32,4% dos tumores malignos na mulher paraibana