Physical, psychological and demographic factors associated with military discharge: a systematic review

Abstract Aims: The present study is a review focused on analyzing the physical, psychological, and demographic factors that lead recruits to be dismissed or to request their dismissal during basic military training periods. Methods: This study is a systematic review of cohort studies. The following databases were searched in June 2019 and updated in July 2020: Embase, LILACS, CINAHL, Cochrane, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases. The MeSH descriptors military personnel, risk factors, and discharge were used to elaborate the search equations. Reference lists were explored to find studies that examined the association between physical, psychological, and demographic factors that lead recruits to be discharged. The following data were extracted from the studies: profile of the participants, sample size, type of risk factors, the duration of follow-up, and the results of the statistical analysis carried out in the studies included. The risk of bias was analyzed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies. Results: A total of 531 titles were retrieved from the databases, and eight articles met the eligibility criteria. The results showed the factors associated with discharge, in descending order: musculoskeletal injuries and other medical questions, depressive and behavioural disorders, performance in physical fitness tests, and others. Factors such as educational level, alcohol use, history of suicide attempt, and imprisonments were not associated with an increased risk of being discharged. Conclusion: Musculoskeletal injuries, depression, running performance, previous physical exercise practice, and demographic factors were associated with an increased risk of being discharged.

Exercícios ambulatórios para uma reflexão acerca das psicologias sociais e da cidade* / Ambulatory exercises for a reflection upon social psychologies and the city / Ejercicios ambulatorios para una reflexión acerca de las psicologías sociales y urbanas

Penso a relação entre diferentes psicologias sociais e as cidades. Para tanto, caracterizo tais psicologias como manifestantes que foram às ruas em 2013 nas chamadas "jornadas de junho". Faço, a partir desse experimento ficcional, uma reflexão acerca do compromisso ético e dos desafios práticos e epistêmicos que as psicologias sociais enfrentam em diferentes campos empíricos, tais como: a luta por direitos humanos; as políticas públicas; a prática científica e acadêmica; e os movimentos sociais. Neste processo, destaca-se a cidade em sua radical heterogênese como potência de desacomodação das formações estereotipadas que assombram as práticas e as pesquisas em Psicologia Social. Por fim, este texto relaciona estas reflexões com a temática do Encontro Regional Sul da ABRAPSO de 2014, em Londrina, que foi "O clamor das ruas", problematizando a dialética rua x interioridade que é constituinte da subjetividade contemporânea, com vistas à problematização de uma dimensão comum que tem na cidade seu modo de expressão por excelência.(AU)

I think on the relation between different social psychologies and the cities. In order to do that, I figure those social psychologies as demonstrators who took the streets in the so -called June Journeys in 2013. From this fictional experiment I make a reflection about the ethical engagement and the practical and epistemic challenges faced by social psychologies in different empirical fields: human rights struggle; public policies; scientific and academy practices; and social movements. By doing so, the city in its radical hetero engenderment is highlighted as a potential inconvenience to the stereotyped formations that haunts Social Psychology in praxis and research. By the end, this text relates those reflections with the theme from de Regional South Encounter of ABRAPSO in 2014, at Londrina, "The claim from the streets", questioning the dialectics street x interior which is constitutive of the contemporary subjectivity, in order to analyse a common dimension which has in the city its expression par excellence.(AU)

Pienso acerca de la relación de las distintas psicologías sociales y las ciudades. En este objetivo caracterizo estas distintas psicologías sociales como manifestantes que salieron a las calles en las llamadas "días de junio" en 2013. Pienso en la relación entre diferentes psicologías sociales y ciudades. Con este fin, caracterizo tales psicologías como manifestantes que salieron a las calles en 2013 en los llamados "viajes de junio". A partir de este experimento ficticio, reflexiono sobre el compromiso ético y los desafíos prácticos y epistémicos que enfrentan las psicologías sociales en diferentes campos empíricos, tales como: la lucha por los derechos humanos; políticas públicas; práctica científica y académica; y movimientos sociales. En este proceso, la ciudad se destaca en su heterogénesis radical como un poder desencadenante de formaciones estereotipadas que persiguen las prácticas e investigaciones de la Psicología Social. Finalmente, este texto relaciona estas reflexiones con el tema de la Reunión Regional del Sur ABRAPSO 2014 en Londrina, que fue "El clamor de las calles", problematizando la dialéctica calle x interioridad que es un componente de la subjetividad contemporánea, con miras a problematizar una dimensión común que tiene en la ciudad su modo de expresión por excelencia.(AU)