Fístulas colónicas de origen diverticular / Colonic fistulas of diverticular origin

INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad diverticular de colon sigmoides representa la principal causa de fistulización del colon a órganos vecinos. OBJETIVO: Describir variables clínicas y terapia quirúrgica de esta entidad. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: Revisión retrospectiva de los casos de fístulas colónicas de origen diverticular (FCD) operados en forma electiva en un centro terciario. RESULTADOS: En un periodo de 30 años se realizó cirugía resectiva por una FCD en 49 pacientes. Los órganos más afectados fueron la vejiga en 33 casos (68%) y la vagina en 6 (12%). La cirugía efectuada fue la sigmoidectomía en 48 casos (5 con una ileostomía de protección) y una operación de Hartmann. La vía de abordaje fue laparoscópica en 4 pacientes y la morbilidad global de la serie fue 20%, sin mortalidad. Con un seguimiento promedio de 87 meses (extremos 16-178) no hubo casos de recidiva de la fístula. CONCLUSIONES: La FCD representa el 26% de los casos intervenidos por una enfermedad diverticular de colon sigmoides, lo que probablemente refleja un diagnóstico tardío. La fístula colovesical (FCV) es la fístula más común por esta causa y en la mitad de los casos tienen una presentación silenciosa. Las fístulas colovaginales ocurren en mujeres histerectomizadas. La cirugía resectiva del colon en pacientes con riesgo normal es la cirugía estándar con buenos resultados a corto y largo plazo. La cirugía laparoscópica es factible y segura especialmente en los casos de FCV.

BACKGROUND: Fistula formation is a well-known complication of diverticular disease (FCD). AIM: Determine the clinical presentation and surgical management of this kind of fistulas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective revision of all consecutive scheduled cases operated on in a terciary public centre in a thirty-years period. RESULTS: Forty-nine patients with a segmental resection of sigmoid colon were analized. Colovesical fistulas were the most common type (n = 33), followed by colovaginal (n = 6). Resection with anastomosis was performed in 48 cases and Hartmann type operation in one. Laparoscopic procedure was made in 4 cases without conversion. Complication rate was 20% and two patients were reoperated on, without mortality in this series. Follow up showed no case of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: FDC represent 26% of cases operated on in our series. Colovesical fistula is the most common type, followed by colovaginal fistula in histerectomized women. Resection and primary anastomosis should be the treatment of choice in average risk patients with acceptable morbidity and good long-term results. Laparoscopic approach is safe, specifically in patients with colovesical fistulas.

Rectosigmoidectomía perineal para el tratamiento del prolapso rectal completo / Perineal rectosigmoidectomy for the treatment of rectal prolapse

Objetivo: Presentamos nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento quirúrgico de esta patología con la técnica de la rectosigmoidectomía perineal. Material y método: Se trata de una serie retrospectiva, consecutiva de 17 pacientes. Resultados: Predomina el género femenino y el promedio de edad es de 62 años. La morbilidad alcanza el 23%, aunque casi toda de menor gravedad, con solo un paciente reoperado. La recidiva es del 6%, con mejoría de los síntomas en un 88%. Conclusión: Concluimos que es una técnica segura, con una morbilidad controlada y con buenos resultados a mediano plazo con un adecuado control de la recidiva y mejoría de la continencia en un alto porcentaje de los pacientes.

Aim: We present our experience with perineal rectosigmoidectomy for the treatment of rectal prolapse. Material and method: It is a retrospective, consecutive series of 17 patients. Results: Predominantly female and the average age is 62 years. Morbidity reached 23%, but almost all less serious, with only one reoperation. Recurrence is 6%, and the improvement in continence is 88%. Conclusion: We conclude that it is a safe technique with a controlled morbidity and good results with low recurrence and improvement of continence in a high percentage of patients.

Efficacy and safety of a NiTi CAR 27 compression ring for end-to-end anastomosis compared with conventional staplers: A real-world analysis in Chinese colorectal cancer patients

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new nickel-titanium shape memory alloy compression anastomosis ring, NiTi CAR 27, in constructing an anastomosis for colorectal cancer resection compared with conventional staples. METHODS: In total, 234 consecutive patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer receiving sigmoidectomy and anterior resection for end-to-end anastomosis from May 2010 to June 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The postoperative clinical parameters, postoperative complications and 3-year overall survival in 77 patients using a NiTi CAR 27 compression ring (CAR group) and 157 patients with conventional circular staplers (STA group) were compared. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the patients in the two groups in terms of general demographics and tumor features. A clinically apparent anastomotic leak occurred in 2 patients (2.6%) in the CAR group and in 5 patients (3.2%) in the STA group (p=0.804). These eight patients received a temporary diverting ileostomy. One patient (1.3%) in the CAR group was diagnosed with anastomotic stricture through an electronic colonoscopy after 3 months postoperatively. The incidence of postoperative intestinal obstruction was comparable between the two groups (p=0.192). With a median follow-up duration of 39.6 months, the 3-year overall survival rate was 83.1% in the CAR group and 89.0% in the STA group (p=0.152). CONCLUSIONS: NiTi CAR 27 is safe and effective for colorectal end-to-end anastomosis. Its use is equivalent to that of the conventional circular staplers. This study suggests that NiTi CAR 27 may be a beneficial alternative in colorectal anastomosis in Chinese colorectal cancer patients.

Colostomía laparoscópica por puerto único con técnica de guante / Single port laparoscopic colostomy using the glove technique

La cirugía por puerto único con técnica de guante (glove port) es un abordaje adecuado al momento económico y tecnológico que vivimos. Entre las intervenciones susceptibles de su aplicación está la realización de colostomías. Describimos la técnica quirúrgica y resultados de los pacientes a los que se realizó colostomía por puerto único con técnica de guante, a lo largo de los años 2011 y 2012, en dos hospitales de Asturias, España. Realizamos seis colostomías sigmoideas. Cuatro pacientes presentaban enfermedad tumoral, otro caso fue por una fascitis necrosante perineal, y el sexto un paciente con enfermedad de Crohn y fístulas perianales complejas. La edad media de los pacientes, cuatro hombres y dos mujeres, fue de 54 años (rango 42-67 años). El tiempo medio de intervención fue de 42 minutos (rango 30-65 minutos). No hubo complicaciones durante la cirugía ni en el postoperatorio. En nuestro medio, el gasto en material se redujo a la mitad con respecto a otros dispositivos convencionales de puerto único. La técnica de guante representa el abordaje por puerto único más económico y mínimamente invasivo para la realización de estomas, siendo en nuestra experiencia una técnica sencilla, segura y fácilmente reproducible.

The single port surgery with glove technique is a novel process, suitable to the present day economic and technological moment .Colostomies are surgical interventions suitable to its application. We describe the surgical method and outcome of patients who underwent colostomy by single port glove technique within the years 2011 and 2012, in two hospitals in Asturias, Spain. We carried out six sigmoid colostomies. Four patients had tumoral pathology, another a perineal necrotizing fasciitis, and the sixth, a patient with Crohn's disease and complex peri-anal fistulas. The average age of the patients, four men and two women, was 54 years (range 42-67 years). The average intervention time was 42 minutes (range 30-65 minutes). There were no complications during the surgery or in the postoperative period. In our facilities material expenditure was reduced to half as regards other conventional single port devices. The glove technique represents the most economic and least invasive approach for the surgical procedure of stomas, in our experience considered a simple, safe and easily reproducible technique.

Surgical treatment of Chagas megacolon. Critical analysis of outcome in operative methods / Tratamento cirúrgico do megacólon chagásico análise crítica dos resultados dos métodos operatórios

PURPOSE: Surgical treatment of chagasic megacolon has suffered innumerable transformations over the years. Poor knowledge of the disease physiopathology is one of the reasons. METHODS: From January 1977 to December 2003, 430 patients were submitted to surgical treatment for chagasic megacolon. Of these procedures, 351 were elective and 79 emergency operations carried out at the University Hospital of Ribeirão Preto. Four elective operations, most frequently used, should be singled out: anterior rectosigmoidectomy (52.71 percent), left hemicolectomy (18.23 percent), Duhamel-Haddad operation(15.95 percent), and total colectomy (5.98 percent). From the 79 exploratory laparotomies performed on an emergency basis, 53 (67.09 percent) required intestinal resection. From the 430 patients operated upon, 268 (62.33 percent) progressed without recurrence of intestinal constipation, and 71 (15.51 percent) had a recurrence. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Based on the data collected, left hemicolectomy had the highest constipation recurrence rate compared to other operating procedures; anterior retosigmoidectomy had less complication episodes and a larger recurrence of intestinal constipation in comparison to the Duhamel-Haddad operation. Emergency operations, mainly for the treatment of volvulus and fecaloma, presented high morbidity and mortality and required extensive intestinal resections, stomas and reoperations.

INTRODUÇÃO: O tratamento cirúrgico do megacólon chagásico tem passado por sucessivas modificações ao longo do tempo. A multiplicidade das operações é explicada pelo conhecimento ainda incompleto da fisiopatologia da doença, MÉTODOS: No período de janeiro de 1977 a dezembro de 2003, 430 pacientes chagásicos foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico para o megacólon no Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto. Foram realizadas 351 operações eletivas e 79 de urgência. Quatro tipos de operações realizadas em caráter eletivo mereceram destaque por terem sido as mais utilizadas: retossigmoidectomia anterior (52,71 por cento), hemicolectomia esquerda (18,23 por cento), abaixamento de cólon à Duhamel-Haddad (15,95 por cento) e colectomia total (5,98 por cento). Das 79 laparotomias exploradoras realizadas em regime de urgência, em 53 (67,09 por cento) houve ressecção intestinal. Dentre os 430 pacientes operados, 268 (62,33 por cento) evoluíram sem recidiva e 71 (16,51 por cento) com recidiva da constipação intestinal. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Com base nos resultados obtidos concluiu-se que: a hemicolectomia esquerda, comparada às demais operações, apresentou maior recidiva da constipação intestinal; a retossigmoidectomia anterior comparada à operação de Duhamel-Haddad apresentou menor número de complicações e maior recidiva da constipação intestinal; as operações de urgência para o tratamento do volvo e do fecaloma apresentaram alta morbimortalidade, exigem resseções intestinais, estomas e reoperações.

Treatment of severe actinic rectitis

Background: The authors report the treatment of three female patients with severe actinic rectitis, with stenosis of perforation, submitted to anterior proctosigmoidectomy and transanal coloanal anastomosis. methods: In all cases surgery consisted of total proctosigmoidectomy, mucosectomy of the anal canal, lowering of the left colon through the pelvis and tansanal anastomosis performed manually at the level of the pectineal line using separate absorbable sutures. A protective intestinal shunt was performed in all cases. Results: The three patients did not present transoperative or immediate postoperative complications, but the first patient developed deep venous thrombosis of the leg that was submitted to successful clinical treatment. The intestinal shunts were later closed in all three cases. Sphincter function was considered very good in the first case and regular in the remaining two. Conclusion: The surgical technique utilized was considered to be adequate for the cases reported and is the first option for the maintenance of transit in patients with severe actinic rectitis since the anastomosis is performed using non-irradiated colon with the pectineal line, practically outside the pelvis.