Syndrome of ventricular septal defect and aortic regurgitation - A 22-year review of its management

Abstract Introduction: The presence of aortic regurgitation (AR) in the setting of ventricular septal defect (VSD) has always been a management challenge. Methods: This is a retrospective study looking at patients who underwent VSD closure with or without aortic valve intervention between January 1st, 1992 and December 31st, 2014 at the Institute Jantung Negara. This study looked at all cases of VSD and AR, where AR was classified as mild, moderate, and severe, the intervention done in each of this grade, and the durability of that intervention. The interventions were classified as no intervention (NI), aortic valve repair (AVr), and aortic valve replacement (AVR). Results: A total of 261 patients were recruited into this study. Based on the various grades of AR, 105 patients had intervention to their aortic valve during VSD closure. The rest 156 had NI. All patients were followed up for a mean time of 13.9±3.5 years. Overall freedom from reoperation at 15 years was 82.6% for AVr. Various factors were investigated to decide on intervening on the aortic valve during VSD closure. Among those that were statistically significant were the grade of AR, size of VSD, age at intervention, and number of cusp prolapse. Conclusion: We can conclude from our study that all moderate and severe AR with small VSD in older patients with more than one cusp prolapse will need intervention to their aortic valve during the closure of VSD.

Relato de caso sobre comunicação interventricular pós-infarto agudo do miocárdio / Case report on acute postinfarction myocardial interventricular septal rupture

O presente artigo relata dois casos de pacientes, os quais foram admitidos na emergência do Instituto de Moléstias Cardiovasculares (IMC) com dor tipicamente anginosa, caracterizada como dor retroesternal em aperto, com irradiação para a face medial do braço esquerdo e relacionada ao esforço, com melhora no repouso. No exame físico, apresentavam taquicardia e sudorese. O eletrocardiograma evidenciou sinais de isquemia miocárdica em ambos os pacientes. Após as medidas iniciais serem tomadas, um dos pacientes foi submetido à terapia trombolítica e o outro à angioplastia para implantação de stent . Mais tarde, foi identificada a comunicação interventricular (CIV), seguido da necessidade de correção cirúrgica da mesma. Ambos os pacientes evoluíram bem, apesar da alta taxa de mortalidade desta condição

This paper reports two cases of patients who were admitted to the emergency room of the Instituto de Moléstias Cardiovasculares (IMC) with typically anginal pain, characterized by tight retrosternal pain radiating to the inside left arm, related to stress and improving with rest. Physical examination showed tachycardia and excessive sweating. Electrocardiogram showed signs of myocardial ischemia in both patients. After the initial measures were taken, one of the patients received thrombolytic therapy, and the other angioplasty for stent implantation. Later, interventricular septum rupture (IVSR) was identified, followed by the need for surgery to correct it. Both patients recovered well, despite the high mortality rate of this condition

Transposition of Great Arteries with Intramural Coronary Artery: Experience with a Modified Surgical Technique

Abstract Objective: Transposition of the great arteries is a common congenital heart disease. Arterial switch is the gold standard operation for this complex heart disease. Arterial switch operation in the presence of intramural coronary artery is surgically the most demanding even for the most experienced hands. We are presenting our experience with a modified technique for intramural coronary arteries in arterial switch operation. Methods: This prospective study involves 450 patients undergoing arterial switch operation at our institute from April 2006 to December 2013 (7.6 years). Eighteen patients underwent arterial switch operation with intramural coronary artery. The coronary patterns and technique used are detailed in the text. Results: The overall mortality found in the subgroup of 18 patients having intramural coronary artery was 16% (n=3). Our first patient had an accidental injury to the left coronary artery and died in the operating room. A seven-day old newborn died from intractable ventricular arrhythmia fifteen hours after surgery. Another patient who had multiple ventricular septal defects with type B arch interruption died from residual apical ventricular septal defect and sepsis on the eleventh postoperative day. The remainder of the patients are doing well, showing a median follow-up duration of 1235.34±815.26 days (range 369 - 2730). Conclusion: Transposition of the great arteries with intramural coronary artery is demanding in a subset of patients undergoing arterial switch operation. We believe our technique of coronary button dissection in the presence of intramural coronary arteries using coronary shunt is simple and can be a good addition to the surgeons' armamentarium.

Evolución y pronóstico de la comunicación interventricular(CIV)de resolución quirúrgica / Outcome and prognosis of ventricular septal defect (VSD)of surgical resolution

Introducción.Las cardiopatías congénitas ocasionan casi la mitad de la muertes por malformaciones en el período neonatal.Material y Métodos.Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 30 lactantes(<1 año de edad)afectados de comunicación interventricular(CIV)que requerían cirugía correctora y que fueron atendidos en el Servicio de cardiología del Hospital "Dr J.P Garrahan"durante 1989.Se analizan las siguientes variables:1)edad a la admisión al hospital,a la indicación quirúrgica y la fecha de cirugía;2)estado nutricional;3)frecuencia de ingresos por complicaciones o cardiológicas;4)residencia de los pacientes y 5)pertencia a una obra social.Diez niños fueron perdidos de seguimiento.Sólo catorce lactantes fueron tratados con cirugía correctora y trece evolucionaron evolucionaron satisfactoriamente.Un lactante fue tratado con cirugía paliativa.Cuatro pacientes fallecieron,dos luego de la cirugía y los restantes antes de la fecha quirúrgica.Conclusiones.No hubo en cambio diferencias en la pertenencia a una obra social o la residencia en le interior del país entre los distintos grupos.El sistema de salud requiere de futuros episodios epidemiológicos y de una mejor organización y regionalización de la atención pediátrica a fin de mejorar los resultados del tratamiento de los lactantes con CIV quirúrgica