Clinical and laboratory variables associated with mortality outcome in the post-operative pediatric cardiac surgery / Variables clínicos y laboratorios asociados al desfecho mortalidad en el post-operatorio de cirugía cardíaca pediátrica / Variáveis clínicas e laboratoriais associadas ao desfecho mortalidade no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca pediátrica

Abstract Objective: To identify clinical and laboratory variables associated with mortality outcome in the post-operative pediatric cardiac surgery. Method: Descriptive, retrospective study carried out in three reference centers in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, from the collection in 120 medical reports of children with Congenital Heart Disease undergoing surgery. Data were analyzed by using central tendency measures and association tests between variables and mortality. p < 0.05 was considered. Results: We observed the mortality outcome in 10 (7.2%) of the children after analyzing all medical records. The dialysis and extracorporeal circulation times, aortic and surgical clamping variables were associated with mortality outcome (p < 0.05). Conclusion and Implications for practice: The identification of these variables is a major factor for the control of the main post-operative complications, allowing the recognition of subtle clinical alterations requiring attention and immediate intervention with consequent reduction of mortality.

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar las variables clínicas y de laboratorio asociadas con lo desfecho mortalidad en el post-operatório de cirugía cardíaca pediátrica. Método: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, realizado en tres centros de referencia del estado de Rio de Janeiro a partir de la recolección de datos en 120 prontuarios de niños portadores de cardiopatía congénita, sometidos a cirugía. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando medidas de tendencia central y pruebas de asociación entre variables y mortalidad. Se consideró p < 0,05. Resultados: Lo desfecho mortalidad fue observada en 10 (7,2%) niños, del total de prontuarios analizados. Las variables diálisis y los tiempos de circulación extracorpórea, engrape aórtico y quirúrgico, presentaron asociación con lo desfecho mortalidad (p < 0,05). Conclusión e Implicaciones para la práctica: La identificación de esas variables configura factor preponderante para el control de las principales complicaciones derivadas del post-operatorio, posibilitando el reconocimiento de alteraciones clínicas sutiles exigiendo atención e intervención inmediata con consecuente reducción de la mortalidad.

Resumo Objetivo: Identificar as variáveis clínicas e laboratoriais associadas ao desfecho mortalidade no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca pediátrica. Método: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo realizado em três centros de referência no estado do Rio de Janeiro a partir da coleta em 120 prontuários de crianças portadoras de cardiopatia congênita, submetidos a cirurgia. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se medidas de tendência central e testes de associação entre as variáveis e mortalidade. Considerou-se p < 0,05. Resultados: Do total de prontuários analisados, o desfecho mortalidade foi observado em 10 (7,2%) das crianças. As variáveis diálise e os tempos de circulação extracorpórea, clampeamento aórtico e cirúrgico apresentaram associação com a mortalidade (p < 0,05). Conclusão e Implicações para a prática: A identificação dessas variáveis configura fator preponderante para o controle das principais complicações decorrentes do pós-operatório, possibilitando o reconhecimento de alterações clínicas sutis exigindo atenção e intervenção imediata com consequente redução da mortalidade.

On-Pump beating/non-beating cabg in stable angina have similar outcomes

Abstract Objective: On pump beating/non-beating coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) has been compared in patients with unstable angina and/or severe left ventricular dysfunction. There is scarce evidence regarding the beneficial use of on-pump beating CABG in patients with stable angina and normal left ventricular function. Our aim was to study the postoperative results using both techniques in this group of patients. Methods: One thousand one hundred and forty-five patients with stable angina underwent on-pump isolated CABG in Uruguay from 2011 to 2015. Patients were grouped into beating/non-beating CABG. Operative mortality and long-term survival were evaluated as primary outcome. Logistic regression analysis was performed to define the predictive role of aortic cross clamp (AXC) on prolonged inotropic support, ventilator support and intraoperative glycemia. Results: Among the included patients, 988 underwent aortic cross clamp. No differences were found in operative mortality, stroke and long-term survival among both groups. Patients without AXC showed higher intraoperative values of glycemia and higher incidence of postoperative prolonged mechanical ventilator support (7.6% vs. 2.4%; P=0.001). The need for prolonged inotropic support was lower in this group of patients (27.4% vs. 49.5%; P<0.001). Conclusion: On-pump beating CABG has similar operative mortality and long-term survival compared with conventional AXC. Higher intraoperative glycemia and higher incidence for prolonged mechanical ventilator is associated with on-pump beating CABG. On the contrary, higher incidence for prolonged inotropic support is associated with AXC. Taking these factors into consideration, both techniques are safe and allow the surgeon to choose the most comfortable option.

Thrombocytopenia after aortic valve replacement: comparison between sutureless perceval s valve and perimount magna ease bioprosthesis

Abstract Introduction: The incidence of postoperative thrombocytopenia after aortic valve replacement (AVR) with the Perceval S Sutureless bioprosthesis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to report thrombocytopenia associated with the use of sutureless AVR. Methods: The data was collected retrospectively for patients who had isolated AVR with sutureless Perceval S valve (Group A: 72 patients) and was compared with patients who underwent isolated sutured AVR with Perimount Magna Ease Bioprosthesis (Group B: 101 patients) in our institution between June 2014 and January 2017. Results: Cardiopulmonary bypass and cross-clamp time were significantly shorter in group A. Maximum drop in platelet count was 58% mean (day 2.3) in group A versus 44% mean (day 1.7) in group B (P=0.0001). Absolute platelet count on postoperative day 1-6 in group A was significantly less than in group B (P≤0.05). Platelet count recovered to preoperative value in 44% patients in group B versus only in 26% patients in group A at discharge (P=0.018). Moderate thrombocytopenia occurs more often in group A (41% vs. 26%) (P=0.008) while severe thrombocytopenia (<50 x 109) was observed in 6% in group A but never in group B. Platelets (P=0.007) and packed red blood cells (P=0.009) transfusion was significantly higher in the group A. Conclusion: The implantation of sutureless Perceval aortic valves was associated with a significant drop in platelet count postoperatively with slow recovery and higher platelets and packed red blood cells transfusion requirements. A prospective randomised trial is needed to confirm our findings.

Aortic valve replacement with a conventional stented bioprosthesis versus sutureless bioprosthesis: a study of 763 patients

Abstract Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to compare early postoperative outcomes after aortic valve replacement (AVR) with sutureless bioprostheses and conventional stented bioprostheses implanted through median sternotomy. Methods: From January 2011 to December 2016, 763 patients underwent aortic valve replacement with bioprostheses; of these, 139 received a Perceval S sutureless valve (Group A) and 624 received a Perimount Magna Ease valve (Group B). These groups were further divided into A1 (isolated Perceval AVR), A2 (Perceval AVR with coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG]), B1 (isolated conventional stented bioprosthesis), and B2 (conventional stented bioprosthesis + CABG). Results: Patients in Group A were older (mean 74 years vs. 71 years; P<0.0001), predominantly women (53% vs. 32%; P<0.0001), had a higher logistic EuroSCORE (3.26 vs. 2.43; P<0.001), more preoperative atrial fibrillation (20% vs. 13%; P=0.03), and had a lower reopening rate for bleeding (2.1% vs. 6.7%; P=0.04). Compared to Group B1, Group A1 had shorter cross-clamp (mean 40 min vs. 57 min; P≤0.0001) and bypass times (mean 63 min vs. mean 80 min; P=0.02), and they bled less postoperatively (mean 295 ml vs. mean 393 ml; P=0.002). The mean gradient across Perceval valve was 12.5 mmHg while its effective orifice area was 1.5 cm2. Conclusion: In our retrospective study of 763 patients, sutureless valve group patients are older, mostly women, more symptomatic preoperatively, and have higher logistic EuroSCORE. They have shorter cross-clamp and bypass times, less postoperative bleeding, and reduced incidence of reopening. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical benefits in short, mid, and long-terms.

Super-selective robot-assisted partial nephrectomy using near-infrared flurorescence versus early-unclamping of the renal artery: results of a prospective matched-pair analysis

ABSTRACT Introduction Super-selective clamping of tumor-specific segmental arteries was developed to eliminate ischemia of the remnant kidney while limiting hemorrhage during partial nephrectomy. The objective is to evaluate the benefice of super-selective clamping on renal functional outcome, compared to early-unclamping of the renal artery. Materials and Methods From March 2015 to July 2016, data from 30 patients undergoing super-selective robot-assisted PN (RAPN) for a solitary tumor by a single surgeon were prospectively collected. Tumor devascularization was assessed using indocyanine green near-infrared fluorescence. A matched-pair analysis with a retrospective cohort undergoing early-unclamping was conducted, adjusting on tumor complexity and preoperative eGFR. Perioperative, oncologic and functional outcomes using DMSA-renal scintigraphy were assessed. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictors of postoperative renal function and de novo chronic kidney disease (CKD). Results Super-selective RAPN was successful in 23/30 patients (76.7%), 5 requiring secondary main artery clamping due to persistent tumor fluorescence. Matched-pair analysis showed similar operating time, blood loss, positives margins and complication rates. Super-selective clamping was associated with an improved eGFR variation at discharge (p=0.002), 1-month (p=0.01) and 6-month post-op (-2%vs-16% p=0.001). It also led to a better relative function on scintigraphy (46%vs40% p=0.04) and homolateral eGFR (p=0.04), and fewer upstaging to CKD stage ≥3 (p=0.03). On multivariate analysis, super-selective clamping was a predictor of postoperative renal function. Conclusion Super-selective RAPN leads to an improved preservation of renal function and a reduced risk of de novo CKD stage≥3, while keeping the benefit of main artery clamping on perioperative outcomes.

Carotid endarterectomy in awake patients: safety, tolerability and results / Endarterectomia de carótida em pacientes acordados: segurança, tolerabilidade e resultados

Objective: To analyze the results of 125 carotid endarterectomies under loco-regional anesthesia, with selective use of shunt and bovine pericardium patch. Methods: One hundred and seventeen patients with stenosis ≥ 70% in the internal carotid artery on duplex-scan + arteriography or magnetic resonance angiography underwent 125 carotid endarterectomies. Intraoperative pharmacological cerebral protection included intravenous administration of alfentanil and dexametasone. Clopidogrel, aspirin and statins were used in all cases. Seventy-seven patients were males (65.8%). Mean age was 70.8 years, ranging from 48 to 88 years. Surgery was performed to treat symptomatic stenosis in 69 arteries (55.2%) and asymptomatic stenosis in 56 arteries (44.8%). Results: A carotid shunt was used in 3 cases (2.4%) due to signs and symptoms of cerebral ischemia after carotid artery clamping during the operation, and all 3 patients had a good outcome. Bovine pericardium patch was used in 71 arteries ≤ 6 mm in diameter (56.8%). Perioperative mortality was 0.8%: one patient died from a myocardial infarction. Two patients (1.6%) had minor ipsilateral strokes with good recovery, and 2 patients (1.6%) had non-fatal myocardial infarctions with good recovery. The mean follow-up period was 32 months. In the late postoperative period, there was restenosis in only three arteries (2.4%). Conclusion: Carotid artery endarterectomy can be safely performed in the awake patient, with low morbidity and mortality rates. .

Objetivo: Analisar os resultados de 125 endarterectomias carotídeas, realizadas sob anestesia loco-regional com uso seletivo de shunt e remendo de pericárdio bovino. Métodos: Cento e dezessete pacientes com estenose na artéria carótida interna ≥ 70% ao ecoDoppler colorido + arteriografia ou angiorressonância magnética foram submetidos a 125 endarterectomias carotídeas. As medidas de proteção farmacológica intraoperatória incluíam a administração endovenosa de alfentanil e dexametazona. Clopidogrel, aspirina e estatinas eram utilizadas em todos os casos. Setenta e sete pacientes eram do sexo masculino (65,8%). A idade média foi de 70,8 anos, variando de 48 a 88 anos. A operação foi indicada por estenose sintomática em 69 artérias (55,2%), e por estenose assintomática em 56 artérias (44,8%). Resultados: O shunt de carótida foi necessário em 3 casos (2,4%) devido a sintomas de isquemia cerebral após a colocação do clampe carotídeo durante o ato cirúrgico, e os três pacientes tiveram boa evolução. Remendo de pericárdio bovino foi utilizado em 71 artérias ≤ 6 mm de diâmetro (56,8%). A mortalidade perioperatória foi de 0,8%: um paciente faleceu devido a infarto agudo do miocárdio. Dois pacientes (1,6%) tiveram infartos cerebrais isquêmicos ipsilaterais menores com boa recuperação, e 2 pacientes (1,6%) tiveram infartos do miocárdio não-fatais com boa recuperação. O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 32 meses. No pós-operatório tardio, houve reestenose significativa em apenas três artérias (2,4%). Conclusão: A endarterectomia carotídea no paciente acordado é uma técnica segura, sendo realizada com baixas taxas de morbimortalidade. .

Aperfeiçoamento em técnica de perfusão cardioplégica no pinçamento único de aorta - resultados iniciais / Improvement in cardioplegic perfusion technique in single aortic clamping - initial results

INTRODUÇÃO: O método mais comumente utilizado para a proteção miocárdica é o de administrar-se solução cardioplégica na circulação coronária. Entretanto, a proteção pode ser alcançada através da perfusão intermitente do sistema coronariano com sangue do próprio paciente, que é realizada por meio de múltiplas sequências de pinçamento e abertura do clamp aórtico ou por meio do pinçamento único e canulação acessória da raiz aórtica. Objetivo: Avaliar o desfecho clínico e a ocorrência de eventos neurológicos no período intra-hospitalar dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio com a técnica proposta aqui neste estudo. Métodos: Descreve-se uma técnica de proteção miocárdica no uso do pinçamento único de aorta que consiste na canulação acessória da raiz aórtica com sistema aperfeiçoado para perfusão coronária intermitente, foi realizado estudo observacional transversal prospectivo onde foram estudados 50 pacientes (idade média 58,5±7.19 anos) submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio sob a técnica proposta. Foram avaliadas variáveis clínicas e laboratoriais pré e pós-operatórias. Resultados: O nível médio de pico da CKMB pós-operatória foi de 51,64±27,10 U/L no segundo pós-operatório e da troponina I foi de 3,35±4,39 ng/ml no quarto pós-operatório, e estiveram dentro do limite da normalidade. Não foi observado nenhum óbito e um paciente evoluiu com alteração neurológica leve. A monitorização hemodinâmica não revelou alterações. Conclusão: A cirurgia de rev...

Introduction: The most common method used for myocardial protection is administering cardioplegic solution in the coronary circulation. Nevertheless, protection may be achieved by intermittent perfusion of the coronary system with patient's own blood. The intermittent perfusion may be performed by multiple sequences of clamping and opening of the aortic clamp or due single clamping and accessory cannulation of the aortic root as in the improved technique proposed in this study, reperfusion without the need for multiple clamping of the aorta. Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcome and the occurrence of neurological events in in-hospital patients submitted to myocardial revascularization surgery with the "improved technique" of intermittent perfusion of the aortic root with single clamping. Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional, observational study that describes a myocardial management technique that consists of intermittent perfusion of the aortic root with single clamping in which 50 patients (mean age 58.5±7.19 years old) have been submitted to the myocardial revasculrization surgery under the proposed technique. Clinical and laboratory variables, pre- and post-surgery, have been assessed. Results: The mean peak level of post-surgery CKMB was 51.64±27.10 U/L in the second post-surgery and of troponin I was 3.35±4.39 ng/ml in the fourth post-surgery, within normal limits. No deaths have occurred and one patient presented mild neurological disorder. Hemodynamic monitoring has not indicated any changes. Conclusion: The myocardial revascularization surgery by perfusion with the improved technique with intermittent aortic root with single clamping proved to be safe, enabling satisfactory clinical results. .

Tempo de clampeamento e fatores associados à reserva de ferro de neonatos a termo / Tiempo de sujeción y factores asociados a la reserva de hierro en neonatos a término / Timing of clamping and factors associated with iron stores in full-term newborns

OBJETIVO : Analisar o impacto do tempo de clampeamento e parâmetros obstétricos, biológicos e socioeconômicos sobre a reserva de ferro de neonatos nascidos a termo. MÉTODOS : Estudo transversal pelo qual foram avaliados os parâmetros hematológicos de neonatos de Viçosa, MG, de outubro de 2011 a julho de 2012. Foram coletados 7 mL de sangue do cordão umbilical de 144 neonatos a termo e sem baixo peso. Os parâmetros investigados foram: hemograma completo, ferro sérico, ferritina e proteína C-reativa. O tempo de clampeamento do cordão umbilical foi mensurado utilizando cronômetro digital sem interferir nos procedimentos do parto. Os dados de nascimento foram coletados nas Declarações de Nascidos Vivos e as demais informações foram obtidas com a mãe do neonato por aplicação de questionário no primeiro mês pós-parto. Realizou-se análise de regressão linear múltipla visando a estimar a influência de variáveis obstétricas, biológicas e socioeconômicas nos níveis de ferritina ao nascer. RESULTADOS : A mediana de ferritina foi 130,3 µg/L (n = 129, mínimo de 16,4 e máximo 420,5 µg/L), a média de ferro sérico foi 137,9 μg/dL (n = 144, dp = 39,29) e de hemoglobina, 14,7 g/dL (n = 144, dp = 1,47). O tempo mediano de clampeamento do cordão foi 36 segundos, variando entre sete e 100. A análise bivariada detectou associação entre os níveis de ferritina e a cor da criança, tempo de clampeamento de 60 segundos, tipo de parto, a presença de diabetes gestacional e a renda per capita da família. Renda per capita, número de consultas pré-natais e o comprimento ao nascer contribuíram com 22,0% da variação dos níveis de ferritina na análise múltipla. CONCLUSÕES : A reserva ...

OBJETIVO : Analizar el impacto de tiempo de sujeción y parámetros obstétricos, biológicos y socioeconómicos sobre la reserva de hierro en neonatos nacidos a término. MÉTODOS : Estudio transversal por el cual fueron evaluados los parámetros hematológicos de neonatos de Viçosa, MG – Brasil, de octubre de 2011 a julio de 2012. Se colectaron 7 mL de sangre de cordón umbilical de 144 neonatos a término y sin bajo peso. Los parámetros investigados fueron: hemograma completo, hierro sérico, ferritina y proteína C-reactiva. El tiempo de sujeción del cordón umbilical fue medido utilizando cronómetro digital sin interferir en los procedimientos del parto. Los datos de nacimiento fueron colectados en las Declaraciones de Nacidos Vivos y las demás informaciones fueron obtenidas con la madre de neonato por aplicación de cuestionario en el primer mes post-parto. Se realizó análisis de regresión linear múltiple visando a estimar la influencia de variables obstétricas, biológicas y socioeconómicas en los niveles de ferritina al nacer. RESULTADOS : La mediana de ferritina fue 130,3 μg/L (n=129, mínimo de 16,4 y máximo 420,5μg/L), el promedio de hierro sérico fue 137,9 mcg/dL (n=144, ds=39,29) y de hemoglobina, 14,7 g/dL (n=144, ds=1,47). El tiempo mediano de sujeción del cordón fue de 36 segundos, variando entre siete y 100. El análisis bivariado detectó asociación entre los niveles de ferritina y el color del niño, tiempo de sujeción de 60 segundos, tipo de parto, la presencia de diabetes en la gestación y la renta per cápita de la familia. Renta per cápita, número de consultas pre-natales y la estatura al nacer contribuirían con 22,0% de la variación de los niveles de ferritina en el análisis múltiple. ...

OBJECTIVE : To analyze the impact of timing of clamping and obstetric, biological and socioeconomic factors on the iron stores of full-term newborns. METHODS : Cross-sectional study between October 2011 and July 2012 in which hematological parameters were evaluated for newborns in Viçosa, MG, Southeastern Brazil. It involved collecting 7 mL of umbilical cord blood from 144 full-term not underweight newborns. The parameters investigated were complete blood count, serum iron, ferritin and C-reactive protein. The time of umbilical cord clamping was measured using a digital timer without interfering in the procedures of childbirth. The birth data were collected from Live Birth Certificates and other information was obtained from the mother through a questionnaire applied in the first month postpartum. Analysis of multiple linear regression was then used to estimate the influence of biological, obstetrics and socioeconomic factors on the ferritin levels at birth. RESULTS : The median ferritin was 130.3 µg/L (n = 129, minimum = 16.4; maximum = 420.5 µg/L), the mean serum iron was 137.9 μg/dL (n = 144, SD = 39.29) and mean hemoglobin was 14.7 g/dL (n = 144, SD = 1.47). The median time of cord clamping was 36 seconds, ranging between 7 and 100. The bivariate analysis detected an association between ferritin levels and color of the child, timing clamping of 60 seconds, type of delivery, the presence of gestational diabetes and per capita family income. In multivariate analysis, the variables per capita income, number of antenatal visits and length at birth accounted for 22.0% of variation in ferritin levels. CONCLUSIONS : Iron stores at birth were influenced by biological, obstetric and social characteristics. Tackling anemia should involve creating policies aimed at reducing social inequalities, improving the quality of antenatal care, as well as implementing a criterion of delayed clamping of the umbilical cord ...

Avaliação do escore CABDEAL como preditor de disfunção neurológica no pós-operatório de revascularização miocárdica com circulação extracorpórea / Assesment of CABDEAL score as predictor of neurological dysfunction after on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery

INTRODUÇÃO: As complicações neurológicas são temidas no pós-operatório das cirurgias cardíacas, sendo importante causa de óbito e de gastos hospitalares. Sua predição ainda é incerta. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a aplicabilidade de um escore pré-operatório como preditor de disfunção neurológica no pós-operatório de revascularização miocárdica (RM) com circulação extracorpórea (CEC). MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo que avaliou 77 pacientes submetidos à RM no período de fevereiro a outubro de 2011. Utilizando-se o escore CABDEAL (creatinine, age, body mass index, diabetes, emergency surgery, abnormality on ECG, lung disease), os pacientes foram agrupados em alto (CABDEAL > 4) e baixo risco (CABDEAL<4). Para os desfechos encefalopatia e acidente vascular encefálico (AVE), foram comparados os valores preditivos do escore e das variáveis intra e pós-operatórias (tempos de pinçamento aórtico, CEC e ventilação mecânica). O teste exato de Fischer foi usado na análise estatística. A análise da curva ROC foi utilizada para avaliar a acurácia do modelo para os desfechos neurológicos. Adotou-se o nível de significância P<0,05. RESULTADOS: A taxa de mortalidade foi de 2,6% (n=2). Ocorreram dois episódios de AVE (2,6%) e 12 (15,5%) de encefalopatia. O desfecho encefalopatia associou-se significativamente com CABDEAL de alto risco (P=0,0009), tempo de ventilação mecânica (P=0,014), tempo de CEC (P=0,02), e tempo de pinçamento aórtico (P=0,006); este último associou-se também com AVE (P=0,03) e óbito (P=0,006). O escore CABDEAL apresentou maior área sob a curva ROC do que as demais variáveis para o desfecho encefalopatia. CONCLUSÃO: Na amostra estudada, o escore CABDEAL foi melhor preditor de encefalopatia no pós-operatório de RM quando comparado às variáveis intraoperatórias analisadas.

INTRODUCTION: Neurological dysfunction is a feared postoperative morbidity of cardiac surgery, an important cause of death and increased spending in hospitals. Its prediction, however, is still uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To assess the applicability of a preoperative score as a predictor of neurological dysfunction after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS: Prospective study that evaluated 77 patients who underwent CABG from February to October 2011. Using the score CABDEAL (creatinine, age, body mass index, diabetes, emergency surgery, abnormality on ECG, lung disease), patients were grouped into high (CABDEAL > 4) and low risk (CABDEAL<4). The predictive value of the score was compared with intraoperative and postoperative variables (aortic clamping time, CPB and ventilation time) as predictors of encephalopathy and stroke. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and compared with the Fisher exact test. ROC curve analysis was performed to evaluate the accuracy of the model for the neurological outcomes. It was considered the significant value P<0.05. RESULTS: The mortality rate was 2.6% (n=2). There were 2 episodes of stroke (2.6%) and 12 (15.5%) of encephalopathy. High risk CABDEAL (P=0.0009), ventilation time (P=0.014), CPB time (P=0.02) and aortic clamping time (P=0.006) were significantly associated with encephalopathy. The aortic clamping time was also associated with stroke (P=0.03) and death (P=0.006). CABDEAL score showed the largest area under the ROC curve rather than others variables. CONCLUSION: In this study, the CABDEAL score stood out as the best predictor of encephalopathy after CABG when compared to the others intraoperative variables.

Periurethral constrictor: late results of the treatment of post prostatectomy urinary incontinence

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated retrospectively, the long-term outcome of patients with post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence (PPUI) after placement of the Periurethral Constrictor (PUC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-six men with severe PPUI were studied, with a mean age of 68.5 years old. Fifty-one men had PPUI due to radical surgery having the device placed around the bulbous urethra, and five individuals with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) had placement around the bladder neck. The mean follow-up was 82.2 months. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients (39.28 percent) became continent (0 to 1 pad a day) and 34 (60.72 percent) were incontinent. Complications were as follows: urethral erosion in 15 (26.78 percent); mechanical malfunction in 2 (3.5 percent); infection in 2 (3.5 percent); urinary fistula in 1 (1.7 percent); Urinary tract infection1 (1.7 percent). Twenty-three patients needed to have the device removed (41.07 percent). Success rate (continent me) was 30.35 percent. CONCLUSION: In the present series the PUC was not effective for the treatment of severe PPUI in the long-term follow-up.

Efeitos do clampeamento tardio do cordão umbilical sobre os níveis de hemoglobina e ferritina em lactentes aos três meses de vida / Effects of delayed cord clamping on hemoglobin and ferritin levels in infants at three months of age

Este estudo verificou o efeito do clampeamento tardio (um minuto após o nascimento) do cordão umbilical sobre os níveis de hemoglobina e ferritina em crianças aos três meses de vida. Foram alocadas 325 mães e crianças, nascidas a termo, de parto vaginal e sem patologias (164 no grupo do clampeamento imediato e 161 no tardio) em um hospital do Município de São Paulo, Brasil, em 2006. Realizaram-se dosagens de hemoglobina da mãe no pré-parto e de hemoglobina e ferritina do cordão umbilical. As crianças (69 por cento) foram acompanhadas no ambulatório, após três meses, ocorrendo coleta de sangue venoso para dosagem de hemoglobina e ferritina. Variáveis sócio-econômicas, reprodutivas, antropométricas e de alimentação da criança foram estudadas. Utilizou-se a regressão linear múltipla para a análise dos dados. O efeito do clampeamento tardio do cordão umbilical foi significativo somente para os níveis de ferritina das crianças aos três meses de idade (p = 0,040), sendo superior em 23,29ng/mL quando comparado às crianças submetidas ao clampeamento imediato. O procedimento pode se constituir em uma estratégia para prevenir a deficiência de ferro em lactentes.

This study assessed the effect of delayed (1 minute after delivery) clamping of the umbilical cord on hemoglobin and ferritin levels in infants at three months of age. Mothers and their infants born through vaginal delivery, at term, and without congenital anomalies (325 pairs) were recruited at a hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, in 2006 (164 in the delayed clamping subgroup and 161 in the early clamping subgroup). Maternal hemoglobin at delivery, umbilical cord hemoglobin, and ferritin were recorded. At three months follow-up, venous blood samples were drawn from 224 (69 percent) infants for hemoglobin and ferritin measurement. Socioeconomic, maternal reproductive, anthropometric, and infant feeding variables were studied. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the data. The effect of delayed clamping at birth, measured at three months, was only significant for ferritin (p = 0.040), and the concentration was higher (23.29ng/mL) in this subgroup as compared to the early clamping subgroup. Delayed umbilical cord clamping can serve as a strategy to improve infant iron status and prevent iron deficiency.

Evaluation of the mortality rate caused by different periods of selective portal vein occlusion in rats / Avaliação da mortalidade causada por diferentes períodos de oclusão seletiva da veia porta em ratos

Mortality from acute selective portal vein occlusion (SPVO) is a matter of concern for surgeons during the management of traumatic portal vein injury. However, mortality rates related to different periods of SPVO remains undetermined. PURPOSE: To determine the mortality rates resulting from different periods of acute SPVO in rats. METHODS: Wistar male rats were randomized into 8 experimental, and 8 control groups. Experimental animals underwent SPVO during 15 to 75 minutes, and control groups underwent sham procedures. All surviving animals were followed up to 14 days for assessment of mortality rate. RESULTS: Death rates varied from 0 percent in the 15 min SPVO group, to 100 percent with 65 and 75 minutes of SPVO. A strongly positive correlation was observed between mortality rates and SPVO periods (p 30 min) of SPVO.

A mortalidade da oclusão seletiva da veia porta (OSVP) preocupa os cirurgiões durante o tratamento de lesão traumática da veia porta. Entretanto, as taxas de mortalidade decorrentes de diferentes períodos de OSVP não estão determinadas. OBJETIVO: Determinar a mortalidade Decorrente de diferentes períodos de oclusão seletiva da veia porta (OSVP) em ratos. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar machos foram randomizados em 8 grupos experimentais e 8 controles. Os experimentais foram submetidos a OSVP por períodos de 15 a 75 minutos, seguidos de observação até o óbito, e os sobreviventes até 14 dias. Os grupos controles receberam idênticos procedimentos, exceto a OSVP. RESULTADOS: A mortalidade, a partir do momento da oclusão, aumentou progressivamente, de 0 por cento no grupo de 15min, atingindo 100 por cento nos grupos de 65min e 75min de OSVP. Houve alta correlação positiva entre mortalidade e duração da OSVP (p 30 minutos).