Intervenções psicológicas necessárias: a prática como residente no serviço de medicina fetal / Necessary psychological interventions: the practice as a resident in the fetal medicine service / Intervenciones psicológicas necesarias: la práctica como residente en el servicio de medicina fetal

Com os avanços tecnológicos e o aprimoramento da prática médica via ultrassonografia, já é possível detectar possíveis problemas no feto desde a gestação. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prática do psicólogo no contexto de gestações que envolvem riscos fetais. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo sob formato de relato de experiência como psicólogo residente no Serviço de Medicina Fetal da Maternidade Escola da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Os registros, feitos por observação participante e diário de campo, foram analisados em dois eixos temáticos: 1) intervenções psicológicas no trabalho em equipe em consulta de pré-natal, exame de ultrassonografia e procedimento de amniocentese; e 2) intervenções psicológicas em casos de bebês incompatíveis com a vida. Os resultados indicaram que o psicólogo nesse serviço é essencial para atuar de forma multiprofissional na assistência pré-natal para gravidezes de alto risco fetal. Ademais, a preceptoria do residente é relevante para sua formação e treinamento para atuação profissional no campo da psicologia perinatal.(AU)

Face to the technological advances and the improvement of medical practice via ultrasound, it is already possible to detect possible problems in the fetus since pregnancy. The objective of this study was to analyze the psychologist's practice in the context of pregnancies which involve fetal risks. It is a qualitative study based on an experience report as a psychologist trainee at the Fetal Medicine Service of the Maternity School of UFRJ. The records, based on the participant observation and field diary, were analyzed in two thematic axes: 1) psychological interventions in the teamwork in the prenatal attendance, ultrasound examination and amniocentesis procedure; and 2) psychological interventions in cases of babies incompatible to the life. The results indicated that the psychologist in this service is essential to work in a multidisciplinary way at the prenatal care for high fetal risk pregnancies. Furthermore, the resident's preceptorship is relevant to their education and training for professional performance in the field of Perinatal Psychology.(AU)

Con los avances tecnológicos y la mejora de la práctica médica a través de la ecografía, ya se puede detectar posibles problemas en el feto desde el embarazo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la práctica del psicólogo en el contexto de embarazos de riesgos fetal. Es un estudio cualitativo basado en un relato de experiencia como residente de psicología en el Servicio de Medicina Fetal de la Escuela de Maternidad de la Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Los registros, realizados en la observación participante y el diario de campo, se analizaron en dos ejes temáticos: 1) intervenciones psicológicas en el trabajo en equipo, en la consulta prenatal, ecografía y los procedimientos de amniocentesis; y 2) intervenciones psicológicas en casos de bebés incompatibles con la vida. Los resultados señalaron como fundamental la presencia del psicólogo en este servicio trabajando de forma multidisciplinar en la atención prenatal en el contexto de embarazos de alto riesgo fetal. Además, la tutela del residente es relevante para su educación y formación para el desempeño profesional en el campo de la Psicología Perinatal.(AU)

Factores de riesgo asociados a diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Policlínico Docente José Jacinto Milanés. Matanzas, 2019 / Risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Teaching Polyclinic José Jacinto Milanés. Matanzas, 2019

RESUMEN Introducción: la diabetes es un trastorno endocrino-metabólico crónico que afecta a diversos órganos y tejidos. Más del 90 % de los que la padecen sufren diabetes tipo 2. Esta se acompaña de complicaciones crónicas, que pueden prevenirse mediante un control adecuado de la hiperglucemia y de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Objetivo: caracterizar los factores de riesgo asociados a la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, en pacientes del Consultorio del Médico de la Familia no. 27 del Policlínico Docente José Jacinto Milanés, del municipio Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, durante el período de enero a diciembre de 2019. El universo estuvo constituido por 50 pacientes pertenecientes al consultorio no. 27 del Policlínico Docente José Jacinto Milanés, del municipio Matanzas, dispensarizados con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Resultados: el sexo femenino fue el predominante, y el 24 % de los pacientes se encontraban entre 55 y 59 años. En cuanto al estado nutricional, resultó la obesidad el de mayor frecuencia. En el 52 % existían antecedentes familiares de diabetes tipo 2. Conclusiones: la obesidad, los malos hábitos dietéticos, el sedentarismo y la hipertensión arterial constituyeron los factores de riesgo más frecuentes en estos pacientes (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: diabetes is a chronic endocrine-metabolic disorder that affects numerous organs and tissues. More than 90 % of those with it suffer from type 2 diabetes. This is accompanied by chronic complications, which can be prevented by adequate control of hyperglycemia and cardiovascular risk factors. Objective: to characterize the risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients from the Family Physician's Office no. 27 of the Teaching Polyclinic José Jacinto Milanés, of the municipality of Matanzas. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out during the period from January to December 2019. The universe were 50 patients belonging to Family Physician's Office no. 27 of the Teaching Polyclinic José Jacinto Milanés, of the municipality of Matanzas, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results: female sex predominated, and 24 % of patients were aged 55-59 years. According to the nutritional status, obesity was the more frequent. There was a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus in 52 %. Conclusion: obesity, poor dietary habits, sedentary way of life, and arterial hypertension were the most frequent risk factors found in these patients (AU).

Prevalencia del deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores de 60 años, en un consultorio médico de la región de Altahabana (Cuba), perteneciente al Municipio Boyeros. Año 2020 / Prevalence of cognitive impairment in people over 60 years old at a medical office in the region of Altahabana (Cuba), belonging to the Boyeros Municipality. Year 2020

El deterioro cognitivo es un problema de salud a nivel mundial, el cual se ha convertido en uno de las mayores demandas de atención médica en las personas mayores. Con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia del deterioro cognitivo en las personas mayores de 60 años, se realizó un estudio descriptivo, con carácter retrospectivo de corte transversal a 323 adultos mayores en el Consultorio Médico de la Familia # 20, ubicado en la región de Altahabana, perteneciente al Policlínico Universitario "Federico Capdevila" del Municipio Boyeros (Cuba). El estudio se realizó entre enero y diciembre de 2020. Se encontró que el 31% de las personas mayores, pertenecen al grupo de edades de 65 a 69 años, con un predominio del género femenino en un 61%. El nivel de escolaridad universitario estuvo presente en un 57,5%. El deterioro cognitivo de las personas mayores prevaleció en un 14%; la hipertensión arterial, en un 64,8% fue la enfermedad crónica no transmisible que más se asoció al deterioro cognitivo.

Cognitive impairment is a global health problem, which has become one of the greatest demands for medical care in older people. In order to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment in people over 60 years of age, a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out on 323 older adults in the Family Medical Clinic # 20, located in the Altahabana region, belonging to the "Federico Capdevila" University Polyclinic of the Boyeros Municipality (Cuba). The study was carried out between January and December 2020. It was found that 31% of the elderly belong to the 65 to 69 age group, with a 61% predominance of the female gender. The level of university education was present in 57.5%. Cognitive impairment in the elderly prevailed in 14%; arterial hypertension, in 64.8%, was the chronic non-communicable disease that was most associated with cognitive deterioration.

Análisis de la distribución geografía de la inequidad en salud mediante accesibilidad a consultas médicas ambulatorias / Analysis of the geographic distribution of health inequity through accessibility to outpatient medical consultations

INTRODUCCIÓN: Escasos estudios han relacionado a nivel nacional la inequidad geográfica de acceso a la salud por intermedio de las consultas médicas ambulatorias (CMA) en el sector oficial. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue describir, evaluar y medir la situación del acceso a la salud referente a las CMA en Argentina en 2017. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. La unidad analizada fue la CMA en Argentina en 2017. Se calcularon las tasas de CMA a nivel nacional, provincial y para la población potencialmente usuaria que concurre a establecimientos oficiales (PPUsEO). RESULTADOS: Las mayores tasas de CMA de PPUsEO por habitante se dieron en Tierra del Fuego (9,1), La Pampa (10,0), Buenos Aires (10,2) y Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (13,6), todas en el cuarto cuartil (Q4); las que presentaron menores tasas, situadas en el primer cuartil (Q1), fueron Santiago del Estero (2,3), Córdoba (2,7), Santa Fe (3,0), Corrientes (3,4), Catamarca (3,5) y Formosa (3,7). DISCUSIÓN: La mayor inequidad geográfica de acceso a la salud respecto de las CMA de PPUsEO en el sector oficial se dio en el centro norte del país, con tasas que oscilaron entre 2,3 y 13,6. En lo que se refiere al crecimiento de la atención en las consultas no médicas de los últimos años, la variación entre 2010 y 2017 mostró un incrementó de 966,8%, en contraposición con las CMA, que aumentaron apenas el 7,4% en el mismo periodo

Conocimientos sobre Salud bucal del adulto mayor. Consultorio 10. Policlínico "Dr. Tomas Romay" 2017-2018 / Knowledge about oral health of the elderly. Family Physician's Office 10. Tomas Romay Polyclinic 2017 - 2019

RESUMEN Introducción: la salud bucal juega un papel importante para mantener la calidad de vida en la tercera edad. Objetivo: determinar el nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal de los adultos mayores. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva, de corte transversal. Se estudió un universo constituido por 209 adultos mayores. Pertenecientes al Consultorio 10 del Policlínico "Tomas Romay", durante el año 2017 al 2018. La recolección de los datos se realizó mediante una encuesta. Resultados: el 41,6 % fueron evaluados de mal, seguidos de los de regular. El 41,1 % fueron de 60 a 69 años, el 39,2 % pertenecían al sexo masculino y el 60,8 % al femenino. El 46,8 % tienen un nivel medio de escolaridad. Resultaron jubilados el 51,4 % de los evaluados de regular. Las familias extensas representaron el 45,5 % y el 67,9 % eran disfuncionales. Conclusiones: prevalecieron los adultos mayores evaluados de mal, las féminas y las edades comprendidas entre los 60 y 69 años. Sobresalieron los adultos con nivel medio de escolaridad. En los evaluados de regular predominaron los jubilados. Imperaron las familias extensas y disfuncionales (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: oral health plays an important role to keep life quality in elder people. Objective: to determine the knowledge level of elder people on oral health. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional descriptive research was carried out. The authors studied a universe of 209 elder people belonging to Family Physician's Office 10 of the "Tomas Romay" Polyclinic during the period 2017 - 2019. Data were collected in an inquiry. Results: 41.6 % got bad qualifications, followed by fair. 41.1. % of patients was in the 60-69 age group, 39.2 % were male and 60.8 % ere female. 46.8 % has a high school scholarship. 51.4 % of those who got fair qualification were retired. Extensive families represented 45.5 % and 67.9 % of them were dysfunctional. Conclusions: elder people with bad qualifications, women, and the 60-69-age-group prevailed. Elders with high school scholarship stood out. Among those who got fair qualification predominated retired people. Extensive, dysfunctional families were the most commonly found (AU).

Tempo de espera e duração da consulta médica na região metropolitana de Manaus, Brasil: estudo transversal de base populacional, 2015 / Tiempo de espera y duración de la consulta médica en la región metropolitana de Manaus, Brasil: estudio transversal de base poblacional, 2015 / Waiting time and medical consultation length in the Manaus metropolitan region, Brazil: a cross-sectional, population-based study, 2015

Objetivo; Analisar o tempo de espera e a duração de consulta médica na região metropolitana de Manaus, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado com adultos residentes na região em 2015. O tempo de espera para consulta e a duração da consulta, em minutos, foram referidos pelos participantes. A análise foi realizada por regressão de Tobit e ponderada pelo desenho amostral. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 4.001 indivíduos. O tempo médio de espera foi de 125,4 minutos (IC95% 120,2;130,5), enquanto a consulta durou, em média, 52,5 minutos (IC95% 48,0;57,0). Mulheres, pessoas pobres, pessoas com baixa escolaridade, indígenas, residentes em municípios do interior, sem seguro de saúde e atendidos por ginecologistas esperaram mais pela consulta (p<0,05). O tempo de consulta foi menor em pessoas não brancas, com estado de saúde ruim e com plano de saúde (p<0,05). Conclusão: A consulta médica durou, em média, metade do tempo de espera. Observaram-se iniquidades sociais nesses períodos de tempo.

Objetivo: Analizar el tiempo de espera y la duración de la consulta médica en la región metropolitana de Manaus, Brasil. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado con adultos que viven en la región en 2015. El tiempo de espera y la duración de la consulta en minutos fueron informados por los participantes. El análisis se realizó mediante regresión de Tobit y ponderado por el diseño amostral. Resultados: 4,001 personas fueron entrevistadas. El tiempo de espera promedio fue de 125,4 minutos (IC95% 120,2;130,5) y la consulta duró un promedio de 52,5 minutos (IC95% 48.0;57.0). Mujeres, personas pobres, con baja educación, indígenas, residentes del interior, sin seguro médico y atendidas por ginecólogos esperaron más tiempo para la consulta (p<0.05). El tiempo de consulta fue más corto con personas no blancas, con mala salud y con seguro de salud (p<0.05). Conclusión: La duración de la consulta médica fue, en promedio, la mitad del tiempo de espera. Se observaron desigualdades sociales en estes tiempos.

Objective: To assess waiting times and length of medical consultations in the Manaus metropolitan region, Brazil. Methods:This was a cross-sectional study conducted with adults living in the region in 2015. Waiting time for consultation and length of consultation in minutes were reported by the participants. Analysis was performed using Tobit regression and weighted by the sample design. Results: 4,001 individuals were interviewed. Average waiting time was 125.4 minutes (95%CI 120.2;130.5), while consultations lasted an average of 52.5 minutes (95%CI 48.0;57.0). Women, poor people, people with less education, indigenous people, people resident in the state interior, people without health insurance, and individuals seen by gynecologists waited longer for their consultation (p <0.05). Consultation time was shorter for non-White people, those with poor health status and those who had health insurance (p <0.05). Conclusion: On average length of medical consultations was half the waiting time. Social inequalities were observed in these lengths of time.

Fatores associados a não realização de consulta médica nos 12 meses anteriores a entrevista concedida por adultos e idosos em Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, em 2016: estudo transversal / Factores asociados a la no realización de consulta médica en los 12 meses anteriores a la entrevista con adultos y personas mayores en la ciudad de Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, en 2016: estudio transversal / Factors associated with not consulting a physician in the 12 months prior to interview with adults and elderly in the city of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2016: a cross-sectional study

Objetivo: analisar a prevalência e fatores associados a não realização de consulta médica nos 12 meses anteriores à entrevista, em Rio Grande, RS, Brasil, 2016. Métodos: estudo transversal, de base populacional, utilizando regressão de Poisson para análise multivariável. Resultados: participaram 1.297 indivíduos, com idade média de 46 anos (desvio-padrão [DP]=17, variando de 18 a 96) e mediana de renda familiar per capita no último mês de R$ 1.000 (IIQ: 600 a 1.760); a prevalência de não consulta nos últimos 12 meses foi de 20,0% (IC95% 17,5;22,6); revelaram-se fatores associados, após ajustes para potenciais fatores de confusão, o sexo masculino, ser solteiro, ter baixa escolaridade, consumir álcool excessivamente, ser tabagista, ter menos comorbidades e não dispor de plano de saúde. Conclusão: um em cada cinco indivíduos não consultou médico nos últimos 12 meses; a utilização desse serviço foi menor entre os mais pobres e naqueles com pior estilo de vida.

Objetivo: investigar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la no realización de consulta médica, en los últimos 12 meses en Rio Grande, RS, Brasil, 2016. Métodos: estudio transversal, de base poblacional utilizando la regresión de Poisson para realizar un análisis multivariable. Resultados: participaron del estudio 1.297 individuos, con edad promedio de 46 años (DP=17, variando de 18 a 96) y con promedio de ingreso familiar per cápita el último mes de R$1.000 (IIQ: 600 a 1760); la prevalencia de no consulta en los últimos 12 meses fue del 20.0% (IC95%: 17,5 a 22,6); se revelaron factores asociados, después de ajustados por posibles factores de confusión, que fueron sexo masculino, ser soltero, tener baja escolaridad, consumir alcohol excesivamente, tabaquismo, tener menos comorbilidades y no tener plan de salud. Conclusión: uno de cada cinco individuos no consultaron médico en los últimos 12 meses; el uso de este servicio fue menor entre los más pobres y en aquellos con peor estilo de vida.

Objective: to investigate prevalence and factors associated with not consulting a physician in the last 12 months in Rio Grande, RS, Brazil, 2016. Methods: this was a population-based cross-sectional study, using Poisson regression for multivariate analysis. Results: a total of 1,297 individuals took part in the study; average age was 46 years old (SD=17, ranging from 18 to 96); and median per capita family income was BRL 1,000 in the last month (IQR: 600 - 1,760); prevalence of non-consultation in the last 12 months was 20.0% (95%CI 17.5;22.6); associated factors, after adjusting for potential confounders, were male sex, being single, having low schooling, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, having fewer comorbidities, and having no health plan. Conclusion: one in five individuals did not consult a doctor in the last 12 months; use of this service was lower among the poorest and those with a poorer lifestyle.

Satisfacción de los usuarios con la atención en los consultorios médicos. Colón 2015-2016 / User´s satisfaction with medical care in the medical consultations. Colon 2015-2016

Introducción: la evaluación de la satisfacción es de mucha importancia dentro del marco de la medición de la calidad en salud. Si se quiere ofrecer servicios de mayor calidad y crear instituciones de excelencia, entonces, la evaluación de la satisfacción en los usuarios, familiares y proveedores se convierte en una tarea permanente y dinámica. Objetivo: identificar el grado de satisfacción de usuarios con la atención en los consultorios médicos de Colón en el periodo 2015-2016. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal que se incluye en el campo de las investigaciones en sistemas y servicios de salud, la muestra la conformaron 480 usuarios pertenecientes a 32 consultorios médicos. Las dimensiones seleccionadas fueron: condiciones de locales de atención, tiempo de espera, disponibilidad de materiales, medicamentos e instrumentales, calidad de la atención. Resultados: la dimensión condiciones de los locales el 93,1 % de los usuarios reportaron que la limpieza de los consultorios fue buena, el tiempo de espera relacionado con los procederes de enfermería alcanzo el 79.1%, con respeto a la disponibilidad de materiales, medicamentos e instrumentales la variables de puntuación más baja la alcanzó la presencia de instrumentales con el 54,1% y el 81,6 % se encontraron satisfechos con la atención médica recibida. Conclusiones: los usuarios atendidos en los consultorios médicos se encuentran insatisfechos con la atención recibida. Las dimensiones estudiadas fueron evaluadas como no aceptables, solo la variable limpieza estuvo por encima del estándar establecido (AU).

Introduction: satisfaction assessment has great importance in the context of measuring health care quality. If the aim is providing services of higher quality and creating institutions of excellence, the assessment of the users´, relatives´ and providers´ satisfaction becomes a permanent and dynamic task. Objective: to identify the users´ satisfaction level with the health care provided in medical consultations of Colon, in the period 2015-2016. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out in the field of health care services and systems research. The sample was formed by 480 users who belonged to 32 medical consultations. The selected dimensions were: conditions of the health care places, waiting time, availability of materials, medicines and instruments, health care quality. Results: in the variable ¨conditions of the health care places¨, 93.1 % of the users reported that cleaning in the medical consultations was good; waiting time related with nursing procedures got 79.1 %; with respect to the availability of materials, medicines and instruments, the lowest qualification was for instruments existence, 54.1 %; and 81.6 % of the persons was satisfied with the received medical care. Conclusions: the users attended in the medical consultations are satisfied with the received care. The studied dimensions were evaluated as not acceptable; only the variable cleaning was above the established standard (AU).

Aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos relacionados con la microalbuminuria en pacientes con diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 / Clinical and epidemiological aspects related to microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de serie de casos, para determinar la presencia de microalbuminuria en pacientes con diabetes mellitus de tipo 2, dispensarizados en el consultorio médico No. 42 del Policlínico Docente José Martí Pérez de Santiago de Cuba, desde octubre de 2016 hasta igual mes de 2017. En la serie, el grupo etario de mayor connotación epidemiológica, relacionado con la microalbuminuria de rango elevado, resultó ser el de 60-64 años (86,7 por ciento). El tiempo de evolución de la diabetes estuvo estrechamente vinculado con la detección de microalbuminuria elevada; asimismo, los diferentes estadios de la enfermedad renal crónica guardaron relación con el tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad, es decir, el estadio 1 se correspondió con el inicio de la diabetes y los estadios 4 y 5 con los enfermos con más de 10 años de evolución. Se evidenció la importancia del estudio de la microalbuminuria en enfermos con pocos años de evolución de la enfermedad

An observational, descriptive and serial cases study, to determine the presence of microalbuminuria in 80 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, classified in the doctor's office No. 42 of José Martí Pérez Teaching Polyclinic was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, from October, 2016 to the same month in 2017. In the series, the 60-64 age group was the one with higher epidemiological connotation, related to the microalbuminuria of high range (86.7 percent). The course time of the diabetes was closely linked with the detection of high microalbuminuria; also, the different stages of the chronic renal disease bore no relation with the course time of the illness, that is to say, the stage 1 was in correspondence with the beginning of the diabetes and the stages 4 and 5 with the patients with more than 10 years of clinical course. The importance of studying the microalbuminuria was evidenced in patients with few years of the disease course

A Pressão Arterial dos Pacientes Está Sendo Medida Rotineiramente nos Consultórios Médicos? / Are Patients' Blood Pressure Levels Being Routinely Measured in Medical Offices?

Fundamentos: A medida da pressão arterial é recomendada em toda avaliação médica, independente da especialidade.É um procedimento simples e de fácil realização, mas frequentemente negligenciado e realizado de forma incorreta. Objetivo: Avaliar se a medida da pressão arterial estava sendo realizada rotineiramente e comparar os valores encontrados por medida rotineira em consulta ambulatorial às medidas realizadas, seguindo a técnica adequada. Métodos: Estudo transversal e observacional que incluiu pacientes adultos (> 18 anos) atendidos nos ambulatórios de especialidades clínicas e cirúrgicas de um hospital universitário. Os sujeitos responderam a questionário específico e, em seguida, foram submetidos a três medidas de pressão arterial, seguindo as recomendações das diretrizes vigentes, por equipe treinada. Seguiram para o atendimento ambulatorial e após o término, foi verificado em prontuário se a pressão arterial foi aferida e, em caso positivo, anotou-se o valor desta aferição. Resultados: Foram selecionados consecutivamente 129 pacientes com idade média de 53 anos (± 15,92) e predomínio do sexo feminino (61,2%). A maioria foi atendida em especialidades clínicas (70,5%) e 49,6% referiram diagnóstico prévio de hipertensão arterial sistêmica. A pressão arterial não foi aferida em 38,8% dos atendimentos, sendo mais frequente nas especialidades cirúrgicas (72,5% vs. 27,5%; p < 0,001). O diagnóstico prévio de hipertensão arterial sistêmica não influenciou na chance de um paciente ter sua pressão aferida (p = 0,082). Não houve diferença entre a pressão arterial aferida pelos pesquisadores e aquelas realizadas em consulta (118 mmHg vs. 117 mmHg; p = 0,651; 72 mmHg vs. 75 mmHg; p = 0,055). Conclusões: A pressão arterial dos pacientes não foi aferida em um grande número de atendimentos, principalmente nos ambulatórios de especialidades cirúrgicas

Background: Blood pressure measurement is recommended in all medical evaluations, regardless of the specialty. It is a simple and easy-to-do procedure, but usually neglected or performed incorrectly. Objectives: To assess if blood pressure is being measured routinely and compare the values obtained in the usual ambulatory consultations to those obtained when following the adequate techniques. Methods: Cross-sectional and observational study that included adult (age >18 years) outpatients treated in clinical and surgical specialties of a teaching hospital. Subjects answered a specific questionnaire and then three blood pressure measurements were performed according to the current guidelines by trained research staff. After that, the patients had their appointments and at the end, the medical charts were checked to see if blood pressure was measured and, if so, the observed value was recorded. Results: We included 129 consecutive patients with a mean age of 53 years (± 15.92) predominantly females (61.2%). Most of the appointments occurred in clinical specialties (70.5%) and 49.6% reported themselves as hypertensive. Blood pressure was not measured in 38.8% of the patients, more frequently in surgical specialties (72,5% vs. 27,5%; p < 0,001). The previous diagnosis of hypertension did not influence the chance of a patient having his blood pressure measured (p = 0,082). There were no differences between the blood pressure measured by the researchers and those recorded at the medical charts (118 mmHg vs. 117 mmHg; p = 0,651; 72 mmHg vs. 75 mmHg; p = 0,055). Conclusions: The patients' blood pressure levels were not measured in many of the medical appointments, especially at outpatient clinics of surgical specialties

Hábitos de consumo en la sala de espera / Waiting room intake habits

Introducción: el consumo de alimentos en la sala de espera es un hábito que podría estar relacionado con el incremento en la incidencia de obesidad infantil. Objetivo: analizar el consumo de alimentos y su uso como premio en niños que asisten a un consultorio pediátrico explorando y su relación con el estado nutricional. Población, material y método: se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal en 94 niños entre 1 y 15 años, que asisten a un consultorio pediátrico de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), República Argentina. Se evaluó el tipo de alimentos/bebidas llevado a la sala de espera, su utilización como premio y la intención de compra luego de la consulta. Se valoró el estado nutricional (IMC/Edad) con Anthro Plus, 2009. El análisis estadístico incluyó t de Student y prueba de Wilcoxon. Resultados: el 46,8% de los padres trajo alimentos a la sala de espera. Alfajores/chocolates (n=10), seguidos de galletitas saladas (n=8) y, entre las bebidas, las gaseosas y jugos (n=6) ocuparon el segundo lugar. El 56,4% de los cuidadores tenía pensado comprar algo de comer al salir de la consulta. Se encontró asociación significativa entre los puntajes z de IMC/Edad y quienes trajeron algún alimento a la sala de espera (p:0,02). El 46,8% de los niños presentó sobrepeso u obesidad. Conclusión: una elevada cantidad de padres utilizó el consumo de alimentos en la consulta, la mayoría de tipo chatarra. Este hábito se asoció significativamente con la presencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en los niños afectados por lo que podría indagarse sistemáticamente en la consulta. (AU)

Introduction: food and drink intake and its use as a reward are common habits in medical waiting rooms in the context of an increase in overweight and obesity prevalence worldwide. Objective: to analyze the habit of food intake, its type and use as a reward and the relation with the nutritional status in children who attend a pediatric outpatient clinic. Population and method: descriptive study, in a sample of 94 children ages 1 to 15 who attended a pediatric outpatient clinic in Buenos Aires, Argentina. We assessed the type of food/ beverage taken to the waiting room and the intention of buying one after the visit. The nutritional status was measured (BMI/AGE) using Anthro Plus software, 2009. Student´s t Test and Wilcoxon test were used for statistical analysis. Results: 46,8% of parents had brought something to eat or drink to the waiting room. Sweets were most frequent, followed by salty snacks and among beverages we found soft drinks and commercial juices. 56,4% of caretakers had the intention of buying something to eat or drink as a reward after the visit. There was a significant correlation between z scores of BMI/AGE and food intake in the waiting room (p= 0,02). 46.8% of the sample was either overweight or obese. Conclusion: many parents use food as a reward, mainly junk food. This habit had a significant correlation with overweight and obesity in affected children and could be assessed systematically in pediatric visits. (AU)

Evaluación de la calidad de la atención de enfermería a adultos mayores fármaco-dependientes / Quality attention at pharmacy depend older adults

Introducción: la fármaco-dependencia en el adulto mayor se ha convertido en objeto de atención prioritario de justificado interés. La calidad de la atención geriátrica en Cuba constituye una realidad impostergable. Objetivo: evaluar la calidad de la atención de enfermería brindada a adultos mayores Fármaco-dependientes. Método: investigación evaluativa, descriptiva de corte transversal en el Policlínico 30 de Noviembre durante 2013. Universo constituido por 17 enfermeras de los consultorios de un grupo básico de trabajo vinculadas a la asistencia y 112 adultos mayores fármaco-dependientes; de ellos, 75 seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio simple. Se evaluaron los datos de estructura, proceso y resultado, los cuales fueron procesados con frecuencias absolutas y el porcentaje. Resultados: la estructura resultó adecuada con un 77, 9 por ciento, el proceso con un 70,5 por ciento y el resultado con 71,4 por ciento. Conclusiones: la calidad de la atención al adulto mayor fármaco-dependiente fue adecuada, lo que demuestra que se mantiene la calidad del desempeño profesional y satisfacción por parte de los gerentes, así como disminuida la fármaco-dependencia en la tercera edad(AU)

Introduction: Pharmacy depends at older adults had become on the actual interest justify priority attention. In Cuba quality at the geriatric attention is an unpostpone reality. Objective: To evaluate the nurse attention given to pharmacy depend older adults. Methods: Has used evaluated investigation and descriptive transversal cut at 30 of November polyclinic during 2013. The universe was formed by 17 nurses at the consulted house of a basic work group which are involved at the assistance and 112 pharmacies depends older adults whose 75 older adults belongs to a random selected group. Data of structure, process and results was evaluated and processing by computer methods, using like a resume guide the absolute numbers and percentile numbers. Results: Has concluded the structure was adequate at 77.9 percent, process was adequate at 70.5 percent and the result was adequate at 71.4 percent. Conclusions: Has concluded that quality attention at pharmacy depends older adults was adequate, showing that if the professional performance quality and the gerents satisfaction continue, the pharmacy depend at 3er age goes down(AU)

Instrumento para la evaluación del proceso de atención al adulto mayor en el consultorio del médico y la enfermera de la familia / A tool for assessing senior adult care in the family doctor's office

Introducción: el envejecimiento de la población constituye un reto para la salud pública, en tanto incrementa la demanda de atención especializada a adultos mayores aquejados de enfermedades no transmisibles y discapacidades. Objetivo: desarrollar un instrumento para la evaluación de la calidad del proceso de atención al adulto mayor que cumpla con los atributos de validez, fiabilidad, capacidad discriminatoria y factibilidad requeridos. Métodos: se realizó un trabajo de desarrollo tecnológico a partir de la aplicación de un algoritmo metodológico, que permitió la construcción y validación de un formulario para la evaluación de las historias clínicas en un Consultorio del Médico y la Enfermera de la Familia. La validación del instrumento incluyó el análisis de consistencia interna a través del coeficiente de Cronbach global y eliminando ítems, la validación de contenido por expertos, mediante los criterios de Moriyama y el Índice Kappa de Concordancia para la evaluación del poder discriminatorio. La factibilidad se confirmó durante las aplicaciones. Resultados: se obtuvo un instrumento de cinco módulos: datos generales, dispensarización, examen periódico de salud, vacunación e interconsultas. Conclusiones: se diseñó y validó un instrumento, tipo formulario, para la evaluación de la calidad del proceso de atención médica al adulto mayor, que cumple con los requisitos métricos de fiabilidad, validez, poder discriminatorio y factibilidad requeridos para su uso en el Consultorio del Médico y la Enfermera de la Familia(AU)

Introduction: Population ageing is a public health challenge, as it increases the demand of specialized care for senior adults suffering from noncommunicable diseases and disabilities. Objective: To develop a tool for assessing the quality of senior adult care that meets the required attributes of validity, reliability, discriminatory capacity and feasibility. Methods: A work of technological development was carried out beginning with the application of a methodological algorithm, which permitted the construction and validation of a questionnaire for assessing the clinical records in a family doctor's office. The tool validation included the analysis of the internal consistency by global Cronbach rate and eliminating items; the validation of contents by experts, using Moriyama criteria and the Kappa concordance coefficient for assessing the discriminatory power. Results: A tool of five modules was obtained: general information, distribution, followed-up health examination, vaccination and consultations. Conclusions: A questionnaire-type tool was designed and validated for assessing the quality of senior adult care, which meet the metrical requirements of reliability, validity, discriminatory power and feasibility to be used in the family doctor's office(AU)

A marcação de consulta médica em uma unidade de saúde da família: uma etnografia a respeito dos conflitos entre usuários e profissionais de saúde / Medical appointment scheduling in a family health center: an ethnography regarding conflicts between users and health professionals

A Estratégia de Saúde da Família é estruturante na expansão do acesso ao sistema público de saúde brasileiro. A proximidade das equipes de saúde com a comunidade permite uma maior vinculação e uma maior facilidade de se obter o atendimento à população. Contudo os conflitos entre a população e os profissionais de saúde permanecem, geralmente, em decorrência da falta de atendimento médico. Este estudo é uma observação etnográfica realizada durante os períodos de marcação de consultas médicas em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família do município de Vitória/ES. O objetivo é analisar as relações que se estabelecem entre profissionais e usuários nesse momento, de forma a identificar os fatores disparadores de conflitos. A partir das observações feitas por 15 dias, levantou-se a hipótese de que, em um contexto social de profundas desigualdades sociais, insuficiência de recursos e larga medicalização do sofrimento humano, cuja consequência principal é a expansão da demanda por cuidados médicos e o aumento da pressão sobre os serviços de saúde, o acesso da população fica prejudicado, sendo a confluência desses fatores o principal motivo de conflito entre profissionais e usuários. É nesse contexto que o usuário recorre a relações de compadrio, em particular com o ACS, na tentativa de personalizar o vínculo com os profissionais e flexibilizar as normas da USF em busca de uma consulta, perpetuando uma gramática social presente na base da formação social brasileira. Torna-se fundamental, nesse sentido, o aumento de investimentos no setor saúde, bem como uma inversão na racionalidade médica hegemônica.

The Family Health Strategy is fundamental in expanding access to the Brazilian public health system. The proximity of health teams with the community allows for greater bonding and greater ease in getting care for the population. However, conflicts between the people and health professionals persist, generally, due to lack of medical care. This study is an ethnographic observation conducted during the moments for setting medical appointments in a Family Health Center in the city of Vitória, ES. The objective is to analyze the relationships established between professionals and users in this moment, in order to identify the factors that trigger conflicts. From the observations made for 15 days, the hypothesis was raised that in a social context of deep social inequalities, lack of funds, and widespread medicalization of human suffering, whose main consequence is expanded demand for medical care and increased pressure on health services, the population's access is negatively affected, with the confluence of these factors being the main reason for conflict between professionals and users. In this context, the user resorts to crony relationships, particularly with the Community Health Agent, in an attempt to personalize the link with the professionals and relax the standards of the Family Health Center in getting an appointment, perpetuating a social grammar found at the base of Brazilian social formation. The case becomes fundamental, in this sense, for increased investment in the health sector, as well as a reversal of the hegemonic medical rationale.

Encontro terapêutico: avaliação de uma abordagem integral em pacientes com dispepsia funcional, ensaio clínico controlado aleatorizado / Therapeutic encounter: evaluation of an integral approach in patients with functional dyspepsia, randomized controlled clinical trial

INTRODUÇÃO: Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar, em pacientes portadores de dispepsia funcional, um tipo de atendimento médico que tem a sustentação de uma base epistemológica mais ampla (encontro terapêutico) comparada com o atendimento médico tradicional embasado no modelo biomédico (consulta médica). Inicia-se com um debate onde são descritas as teorias e definições acerca do tema "pluralismo epistemológico". O autor acredita que este é o alicerce capaz de fornecer a necessária sustentação para o exercício crítico da atividade profissional que se quer mais humanizada e humanista e para uma pesquisa em saúde que consiga integrar os múltiplos saberes. Em seguida, descreve os passos que transformam "consultas" em "encontros terapêuticos". De acordo com o autor essa transformação possibilita o resgate das características de arte da medicina. Arte no sentido de artesanal (de "feita sob medida") ao contrário da biomedicina que é técnica (no sentido de sistematizar, generalizar). MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado e controlado por placebo, registrado no ClinicalTrials.gov. Realizado de novembro de 2007 a fevereiro de 2012. Foram recrutados 131 pacientes com dispepsia funcional a partir de 753 voluntários pertencentes ao Ambulatório de Gastroenterologia da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC. Esses pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos A e B, onde o grupo A (n = 63) foi tratado com consultas médicas tradicionais e o grupo B (n = 68) com encontros terapêuticos. Esses dois grupos foram divididos em 4 subgrupos A1, A2, B1 e B2, onde os subgrupos A1 (n = 31) e B1(n = 34) receberam o medicamento omeprazol, A2 (n = 32) e B2 (n = 34) receberam placebo. A todos os pacientes, foi aplicado o Questionário de Sintomas de Dispepsia Funcional (QSDF) no início do estudo. Aos que terminaram o tratamento, o QSDF foi aplicado no final (seis meses após o inicio). A variável desfecho foi definida como sendo a redução de 50% e mais no escore obtido entre a primeira e a...

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to evaluate, in patients with functional dyspepsia, a type of medical care that has the support of a larger epistemological basis (therapeutic encounter) compared with standard medical care grounded in the biomedical model (medical consultation). It begins with a discussion where theories and definitions on the topic "epistemological pluralism" are described. The author believes that this is the foundation capable of providing the necessary support for the critical exercise of professional activity in a more humane and humanistic basis, and for a health research capable of the integration of multiple areas of knowledge. Then he describes the steps that transform "consultation" in "therapeutic encounters." According to the author, this transformation enables the rescue of the characteristics of the art of medicine. Art in the sense of artisanal (the "tailor made") instead of biomedicine that is technical (in the sense of systematic, generalized). METHODS: This was a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, registered in ClinicalTrials.gov., held from November 2007 to February 2012. 131 patients with functional dyspepsia were recruited from 753 volunteers belonging to the Gastroenterology outpatient clinic of Faculdade de Medicina do ABC. These patients were divided into two groups A and B, where group A (n = 63) was treated with traditional medical consultations and group B (n = 68) with therapeutic encounters. These two groups were divided into 4 subgroups A1, A2, B1 and B2, where the subgroups A1 (n = 31) and B1 (n = 34) received omeprazole, A2 (n = 32) and B2 (n = 34) received placebo. All patients answered the Questionnaire Symptoms of Functional Dyspepsia (QSFD) at study entry. Those patients who completed treatment answered the QSFD again in the end (six months after the onset). The outcome variable was defined as a reduction of 50% and more on the score obtained between the first and second...

Eficiência de um grupo de sala de espera na adesão do aleitamento materno exclusivo / Waiting room group effectiveness in adhesion of exclusive breastfeeding

O aleitamento materno é a estratégia isolada que mais previne mortes infantis, além de promover a saúde da mãe e do bebê. Existem evidências que o leite materno é o alimento ideal para o crescimento e desenvolvimento dos lactentes, além de ser responsável por benefícios importantes à mãe no pós-parto. É recomendado pelo Ministério da Saúde que o aleitamento materno seja exclusivo nos seis primeiros meses de vida do bebê.Objetivo: este estudo determinou se houve validade das ações em grupos de sala de espera com gestantes, na adesão da amamentação exclusiva.Metodologia: a coleta de dados foi realizada na comunidade rural da cidade de São Carlos, SP, Brasil, utilizando um questionário semi-estruturado elaborado com parâmetros na Pesquisa de Prevalência de Aleitamento Materno nas Capitais Brasileiras e no Distrito Federal PPAM-CDF, 2007, sendo aplicado durante o primeiro mês do lactente e depois de realizado o acompanhamento mensal da nutriz com objetivo de monitorar a amamentação exclusiva.Resultados: dentre os fatores de desmame precoce ou opção pela complementação alimentar, 60% das puérperas relataram motivos oriundos de crendices populares e 20% o fim da licença maternidade.Conclusão: o estudo demonstrou maior período de adesão ao aleitamento materno exclusivo por parte das nutrizes que freqüentaram o grupo de sala de espera, e as mesmas, demonstraram acerca dos benefícios da amamentação para a mãe e filho, maiores conhecimentos do que as que não participaram...

Breastfeeding is the strategy that most prevents child deaths, in addition to health promoting of mother and baby. There is evidence that human breast milk is the ideal food for the growth and development of infants, responsible for important benefits to the mother in the postpartum period. It is recommended by the Ministry of health that breastfeeding is exclusive in the first six months of the infant's life.Aim: this study determined if there was validity of actions in groups of waiting room with pregnant women, the accession of exclusive breastfeeding.Methodology: collection of data was performed in the rural community of the city of São Carlos, SP, Brazil, using a semi-structured questionnaire prepared with parameters used in the “Research of the Prevalence of Breastfeeding in the Brazilian Capital Cities and the Federal District PPAM-CDF, 2007”, being applied during the first month of the infant and after the monthly monitoring of the nursing mother with the objective of monitoring the exclusive breastfeeding.Results: among the factors of early weaning or choice of complementary feeding, 60% of mothers reported reasons from popular superstitions and 20% the end of maternity leave.Conclusion: the study demonstrated a greater period of membership to the exclusive breastfeeding on the part of the mothers who have attended the group of the waiting room, and the same, demonstrated about the benefits of breastfeeding for the mother and son, greater knowledge of what the who did not participate in it...

La dispensarización en el policlínico universitario docente de Playa un año después de la reorganización / Dispensarization in the \"Playa\" teaching and university polyclinic after one year of the reorganization

Introducción: aunque concebida originalmente en la antigua Unión Soviética, la dispensarización en nuestro país se llegó a constituir, junto con el Análisis de la Situación de Salud, en elementos fundamentales de la medicina familiar, en otras palabras, en la organización del trabajo del Médico de Familia. Objetivos: determinar la situación de la dispensarización a un año de haberse implementado la reorganización de nuestros consultorios de medicina familiar. Métodos: se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal de una muestra tomada al azar, 400 de las historias clínicas individuales del total de pacientes dispensarizados con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en los 9 consultorios del Médico y Enfermera de Familia del Policlínico Universitario Docente de Playa. Se revisaron igualmente las historias de salud familiar de los pacientes cuyas historias individuales seleccionamos. Se obtuvo también información de los registros del Departamento de Estadísticas del propio policlínico, con relación a la actividad realizada por los equipos básicos de salud en consulta y en terreno en el mes de enero del presente año. Resultados: la mayoría de los pacientes pertenecen a los grupos de edades por encima de los 50 años, igualmente al sexo femenino y sufren de una sola enfermedad crónica. La hipertensión arterial es la enfermedad crónica que más los afecta, seguida de la diabetes mellitus. El 40 por ciento de los pacientes no ha recibido control, y el 81 por ciento de los pacientes ha sido consultado, ambas situaciones en el último año. Conclusiones: la dispensarización ha mejorado, pero se mantiene presentando un grupo importante de insuficiencias. La reorganización ofrece un potencial aún sin explotar para garantizar una mejor e integral atención médica a nuestra población

Introduction: although originally conceived in the former Soviet Union, the dispensarization in our country was implemented together with the Health Situation Analysis, in main elements of family medicine, in other words, in the work organization of the Family Physician. Objectives: to determine the dispensarization situation after a year of the reorganization implementation of our family physician consulting rooms. Methods: a cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in our randomized sample, 400 individual medical records from the total of dispensarized patients presenting with chronic non-communicable diseases from the 9 Family and Nurse Family consulting rooms of the Playa Teaching and University polyclinic. Also, we analyzed the family health medical records of patients whose individual records were selected, as well as information from the Statistic Department registries of this polyclinic related to the activity carried out by health basic teams at consultation and in ground practice during January of current year. Results: most of patients are included in age groups over 50 years and of female sex suffering of only one chronic disease. The high blood pressure is the more prevalent chronic disease, followed by diabetes mellitus. The 40 percent of patients has not a control, the 81 percent of patients has been treated, both situations occurred in past year. Conclusions: the dispensarization has improved but still has many insufficiencies. Reorganization offers a potential still non explored to guarantee a better and integral medical care to our population

Caracterización socioeconómica de los ancianos pertenecientes a 2 consultorios médicos del policlínico “San Diego de los Baños” / Socioeconomic characterization of the elderly from 2 family physicians' offices of “San Diego de los Baños” Polyclinic

Se realizó un estudio transversal y descriptivo con el propósito de caracterizar desde el punto de vista socioeconómico a la población de 60 años y más de 2 consultorios médicos del policlínico "San Diego de los Baños", durante el mes de junio de 2004. El universo estuvo constituido por 164 personas y la muestra quedó conformada al azar por 80 ancianos. Se aplicó una encuesta para recoger los datos de interés. El 56,2 por ciento de los ancianos eran activos con superioridad en el sector rural y sexo masculino. La categoría ocupacional más común fue la de campesino con prevalencia en el grupo de edad de 60-79 años. El 50,0 por ciento de los ancianos recibían sus ingresos monetarios por concepto de su jubilación y predominaron las mujeres en la categoría de trabajadoras en relación con los hombres. El 67,5 por ciento de los ancianos tenían cubiertas sus necesidades básicas pero con pocas posibilidades de destinar recursos para la recreación y actividades de esparcimiento y sólo el 11,3 por ciento cubrían todas sus necesidades. Se puede concluir que si bien fue alto el porcentaje de ancianos que cubrían con sus ingresos sus necesidades básicas, sólo una minoría cubrían estas necesidades y otras necesarias para vivir con satisfacción, con independencia de que su procedencia fuera urbana o rural(AU)

He/she was carried out a traverse and descriptive study with the purpose of characterizing from the socioeconomic point of view to the 60 year-old population and more than 2 medical clinics of the policlínico San Diego of the Bathrooms", during the month of June of 2004. The universe was constituted by 164 people and the sample was conformed at random by 80 old men. A survey was applied to pick up the data of interest. 56,2 percent of the old men was active with superiority in the rural sector and masculine sex. The most common occupational category was that of peasant with prevalencia in the group of 60-79 year-old age. 50,0 percent of the old men received its monetary revenues for concept of its jubilation and the women prevailed in the category of workers in connection with the men. 67,5 percent of the old men had covered its basic necessities but with few possibilities of dedicating resources for the recreation and esparcimiento activities and 11,3 percent only covered all its necessities. You can conclude that although it was high the percentage of old men that you/they covered with their revenues their basic necessities, a minority only covered these necessities and other necessary ones to live with satisfaction, with independence that its origin was urban or rural(AU)

Factors leading to the Computer Vision Syndrome: an issue at the contemporary workplace

INTRODUCTION: Vision and eye related problems are common among computer users, and have been collectively called the Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). METHODS: An observational study in order to identify the risk factors leading to the CVS was done. Twenty-eight participants answered a validated questionnaire, and had their workstations examined. The questionnaire evaluated personal, environmental, ergonomic factors, and physiologic response of computer users. The distance from the eye to the computers' monitor (A), the computers' monitor height (B), and visual axis height (C) were measured. The difference between B and C was calculated and labeled as D. Angles of gaze to the computer monitor were calculated using the formula: angle=tan(-1)(D/ A). Angles were divided into two groups: participants with angles of gaze ranging from 0 degrees to 13.9 degrees were included in Group 1; and participants gazing at angles larger than 14 degrees were included in Group 2. Statistical analysis of the evaluated variables was made. RESULTS: Computer users in both groups used more tear supplements (as part of the syndrome) than expected. This association was statistically significant (p<0.10). Participants in Group 1 reported more pain than participants in Group 2. Associations between the CVS and other personal or ergonomic variables were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that most important factor leading to the syndrome is the angle of gaze at the computer monitor. Pain in computer users is diminished when gazing downwards at angles of 14 degrees or more. The CVS remains an under estimated and poorly understood issue at the workplace. The general public, health professionals, the government, and private industries need to be educated about the CVS

Consideraciones acerca del paciente geriátrico / Considerations on the elderly patients

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo, con el objetivo de conocer algunos aspectos del paciente geriátrico en 3 consultorios del municipio Mantua, en el período comprendido desde julio de 1998 hasta junio de 1999. El universo estuvo conformado por los 3065 ancianos del territorio, y la muestra la integraron los 271 gerontes de dichos consultorios. Prevalecieron las edades entre los 60-79 años y el sexo masculino. El café y el tabaquismo fueron los hábitos tóxicos más frecuentes, se corroboró una alta prevalencia de hipertensión arterial en los seniles (41,69 porciento), prevaleció el grado I de validismo y el item 5 en la aplicación de la escala geriátrica de evaluación funcional