Evaluación de factores de riesgo asociados a dehiscencia anastomótica en cirugía colorrectal: análisis multivariado de 748 pacientes / Evaluation of the risk factors associated with anastomotic dehiscence in colorectal surgery: multivariate analysis of 748 pacients

INTRODUCCIÓN: La dehiscencia anastomótica (DA) es una complicación severa en cirugía colorrectal con una incidencia que oscila entre 2 y 19%. La literatura internacional muestra numerosos estudios sobre la identificación de factores de riesgo (FR), mientras que en la nacional existen solo dos series que analizan esta complicación. OBJETIVO: Realizar una caracterización descriptiva de resultados institucionales y establecer la tasa de DA, sus factores de riesgo asociados y la mortalidad. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: Serie de casos no concurrente, cuya muestra son pacientes consecutivos intervenidos de patología colorrectal con anastomosis primaria con o sin ostoma derivativo entre los años 2004 y 2016. Se realiza modelo de regresión logística univariable y multivariable. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron 748 pacientes, 50,5% mujeres, media de edad fue 56,2. Las indicaciones quirúrgicas más frecuentes fueron cáncer colorrectal en 381 (50,9%) pacientes y enfermedad diverticular en 163 (21,8%). La DA fue de 5,6% (42/748) y la mortalidad fue de 2% (15/748), siendo de 1% para los electivos (7/681). En el análisis univariado encontramos que los FR que tuvieron significancia estadística fueron la albúmina (p < 0,001), altura anastomosis (p < 0,001), transfusión (p < 0,001), localización (colon derecho > izquierdo) (p = 0,011), mientras que en el análisis multivariado fueron la albúmina (p = 0,002) con un OR 3,64 (IC 95% 1,58-8,35) y transfusión (p = 0,015) con un OR 7,15 (IC 95% 1,46-34,91). CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestra serie es la más grande reportada en Chile, con resultados similares a estudios internacionales y nacionales. Establecemos que la hipoalbuminemia y la presencia de transfusiones intraoperatorias se asocian a alta tasa de DA.

INTRODUCTION: Anastomotic leakage (AL) is a severe complication in colorectal surgery, its incidence ranges from 2 to 19%. In international literature, we found numerous studies on the identification of risk factors (RF), while in the national there are only two series that analyze this complication. AIM: Perform a descriptive characterization of institutional results and establish the AL rate, its associated risk factors and mortality. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Non-concurrent series of cases, whose sample is consecutive patients operated for colorectal pathology with primary anastomosis with or without a derivative ostoma between 2004 and 2016. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression model was performed. RESULTS: There were 748 patients, 50.5% women, mean age was 56.2. The most frequent surgical indications were colorectal cancer in 381 (50.9%) patients and diverticular disease in 163 (21.8%). The AL was 5.6% (42/748) and the mortality was 2% (15/748), being 1% for the electives (7/681). In the univariate analysis, we found that the RF that had statistical significance were albumin (p < 0.001), anastomosis height (p < 0.001), transfusion (p < 0.001), location (right colon > left) (p = 0.011), while that in the multivariate analysis were albumin (p = 0.002) with an OR 3.64 (IC 95% 1.58-8.35) and transfusion (p = 0.015) with an OR 7.15 (IC 95% 1.46-34.91). CONLUSION: Our series is the largest reported in Chile, with similar results to international and national studies. We establish that hypoalbuminemia and the presence of intraoperative transfusions are associated with a high rate of AL.

Application of unilateral pectoralis major muscle flap in the treatment of sternal wound dehiscence

Abstract Objective: This study aims to report the use of the unilateral pectoralis major muscle flap for the treatment of the sternal wound dehiscence. Methods: A retrospective study including patients who underwent unilateral pectoralis major muscle flap was performed for the treatment of sternotomy dehiscence due to coronary artery bypass, valve replacement, congenital heart disease correction and mediastinitis, between 1997 and 2016. Data from the epidemiological profile of patients, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications and mortality rate were obtained. Results: During this period, 11 patients had their dehiscence of sternotomy treated by unilateral pectoralis major muscle flap. The patients had a mean age of 54.7 years, the mean hospital stay after flap reconstruction was 17.9 days (from 7 to 52 days). In two patients, it was necessary to harvest a flap from the rectus abdominis fascia, in association with the pectoralis major muscle flap, to facilitate the closure of the distal wound. In the postoperative period, seroma discharge from the surgical wound was observed in six patients, five reported intense pain (temporary), three had partial cutaneous dehiscence, and two presented granuloma of the incision. Conclusion: The complex wound from sternotomy dehiscences presents itself as a challenge to surgical teams. Treatment should include debridement of necrotic tissue and preferably coverage with well-vascularized tissue. We propose that the unilateral pectoralis major muscle flap is an interesting and low morbidity option for the reconstruction of sternal wound dehiscences, with proper sternum stability and satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcomes.

Factores asociados a la dehiscencia clínica de una anastomosis intestinal grapada: análisis multivariado de 610 pacientes consecutivos / Analysis of risk factors for clinical dehiscence of stapled anastomosis in 610 patients

Propósito: La dehiscencia de una anastomosis intestinal (DA) es una complicación grave, lo que ha motivado la búsqueda de factores de riesgo asociados con ella. El propósito de este estudio es analizar los factores predictivos de DA en una serie consecutiva de pacientes con una anastomosis grapada. Material y Método: Estudio longitudinal prospectivo de 610 pacientes (54 por ciento mujeres) con un promedio de edad de 58,9 años (extremos 14-88). Las principales indicaciones quirúrgicas fueron el cáncer colorrectal (55 por ciento), la enfermedad diverticular (16 por ciento) y el megacolon (11 por ciento). Se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística para estudiar la posible asociación entre la DA y 17 variables. Resultados: La DA ocurrió en 23 pacientes (3,8 por ciento). Hubo un 3 por ciento (9/300) de DA en el grupo de las anastomosis colo-rectales altas y 12 por ciento (9/73) en el grupo de anastomosis bajas (p=0.001). De los 23 pacientes con DA, 14 requieren una reintervención y 9 fueron manejadas en forma conservadora. La mortalidad global fue 1 por ciento (6/610), la mitad debido a complicaciones sépticas de la DA. Al comparar los pacientes sin y con DA, la tasa de reoperaciones fue 6,4 por ciento y 61 por ciento (p<0.0001), la tasa de infección de herida operatoria fue 6,6 por ciento y 61 por ciento (p<0.0001), el tiempo de hospitalización promedio fue 11 y 29,9 días (p<0.0001) y la mortalidad operatoria fue 0,5 por ciento y 13 por ciento (p<0.0001), respectivamente. En el análisis univariado el género, la altura de la anastomosis, el diámetro de la grapadora circular, el tiempo operatorio, el drenaje a la pelvis y el antecedente de radioterapia fueron significativas. En el análisis multivariado sólo el género (masculino), la altura de la anastomosis al margen anal y el antecedente de radioterapia pélvica se mantienen como variables independientes asociadas al riesgo de DA. Conclusión: Las anastomosis bajas, la radioterapia preoperatoria y el género...

Background: The dehiscence of an intestinal anastomosis is a devastating complication. Aim: To analyze risk factors for dehiscence of stapled anastomosis in a consecutive series of patients. Material and methods: Prospective study of 610 patients (age range 14-88 years, 329 females) subjected to a stapled intestinal anastomosis. The main diagnoses that motivated surgery were colorectal cancer in 55 percent, diverticular disease in 16 percent and megacolon in 11 percent. A logistic regression model was used to study the association between the risk of dehiscence and 17 independent variables. Results: Twenty three patients had a dehiscence of the anastomosis. The complication occurred in nine of 300 patients (3 percent) subjected to a high colorectal anastomosis and in nine of 73 patients (12 percent) subjected to a low colorectal anastomosis. Fourteen patients with dehiscence required a new surgical intervention and nine were managed conservatively. Six patients (1 percent) died due to septic complications of the dehiscence. Among patients with and without dehiscence, the rate of re-operations was 61 and 6.4 percent respectively, p < 0.001, the rate of surgical wound infections was 61 and 6.6 percent respectively, p< 0.001, and the hospital stay was 29.9 and 11 days respectively, p< 0.01. The factors significantly associated with dehiscence determined by univariate analysis were gender, the height of the anastomosis, the diameter of the circular stapler, operative time, the drainage to the pelvis and the history of radiotherapy. In the multivariate analysis, only the male gender, the height of the anastomosis, using the anal margin as landmark and the history of pelvic radiation, remained as significant predictors. Conclusions: A low anastomosis, previous radiation therapy and male gender are risk factors for clinical dehiscence of stapled anastomosis. A protective ostomy should be considered in patients with multiple risk factors.

Ostomy or intestinal anastomosis in cases of peritonitis

Sao analisados 26 doentes submetidos à estomia na vigência de peritonite por abdome agudo nao traumático. A faixa etária variou de 25 a 83 anos, com média de idade de 51 anos. Nao houve predomínio quanto ao sexo. O abdome agudo obstrutivo (AAO) foi a causa mais freqüente de peritonite (11 casos), seguido do abdome agudo perfurativo (AAP) em 8, abdome agudo vascular (AAV) em 5 e inflamatório (AAI) em 2. Na maioria dos doentes (65 por cento) foi realizada ileostomia à Brooke. Em apenas 4 praticou-se jejunostomia, observando-se má evoluçao. A mortalidade global foi de 54 por cento. A realizaçao de estomia ou anastomose primária na presença de peritinite constitui um tema com muitas controvérsias. Nesta artigo sao discutidas as indicaçoes e os problemas envolvendo a exteriorizaçao intestinal na urgência.