RESUMO
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Occupational dermatoses are common, especially contact dermatitis. Epidemiological studies on these dermatoses are scarce in Brazil and they are necessary as part of the public policy to protect workers' health. OBJECTIVES: To identify sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients with occupational contact dermatitis seen between 2000 and 2014 at an occupational dermatology service. METHODS: It is a cross-sectional and retrospective study, based on information obtained from the service's database. RESULTS: Of 560 patients with conclusive patch test, 289 (46.9%) presented occupational dermatoses and 213 occupational contact dermatitis with predominance of the allergic type in relation to the irritative type (149:64 respectively). The odds of occupational dermatoses were higher among men and lower among patients aged 50 years or older and with higher level of education. Regarding the possibility of presenting occupational allergic contact dermatitis, only the gender variable was statistically significant. The professions most seen were cleaners, construction workers, painters, mechanics/metallurgists and cooks. The commonest allergens were nickel sulfate, potassium dichromate, cobalt chloride, carba-mix and formaldehyde. STUDY LIMITATIONS: The main limitations of this study are the fact that it was carried out in a tertiary service of occupational dermatoses and the lack of access to some allergens outside the patch test baseline series. CONCLUSIONS: It was possible to identify the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients with suspected occupational contact dermatitis seen at the Service, beyond the professional groups and allergens related to a high risk of occupational contact dermatitis in this population.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Exposição Ocupacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/epidemiologia , Dermatite Ocupacional/epidemiologia , Dicromato de Potássio/efeitos adversos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Testes do Emplastro/estatística & dados numéricos , Cáusticos/efeitos adversos , Indústria da Construção , Fatores Sexuais , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Fatores Etários , Dermatite Irritante/etiologia , Dermatite Irritante/epidemiologia , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/etiologia , Dermatite Ocupacional/etiologia , Escolaridade , Dermatoses da Mão/induzido quimicamente , Dermatoses da Mão/epidemiologia , Irritantes/efeitos adversos , Níquel/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Resumen.La primera barrera con el medio ambiente que protege contra sustancias nocivas y organismos es la piel. Las actividades humanas son sumamente diversas y muchas de los trabajos pueden actuar en detrimento de esta barrera natural provocando enfermedades dermatológicas asociadas con la dinámica laboral. El 90% de todas las dermopatías laborales son dermatitis de contacto, la cual puede ser irritativa o alérgica. En la mayoría de los casos se trata de un eczema en zonas expuestas del cuerpo y con cierta frecuencia en las manos. El diagnóstico se basa en una historia clínica y examen físico detallados, conocimiento de las sustancias que permita diferenciar los irritantes de los alérgenos y una correcta interpretación de las pruebas de alergia. Este es conocimiento básico para peritar en el ámbito médico legal.
Abstract.The skin is the primary interface with external environment and performs quite efficiently as a barrier against noxious chemicals or living organisms. The range of human activities is extremely diversified and many occupations can lead to break down of the epidermal barrier, with subsequent development of work-related dermatoses.Occupational contact dermatitis accounts for 90% of all causes of work-related cutaneous disorders. It can be divided into irritant contact dermatitis, wich occurs in 80% of cases and allergic contact dermatitis. In most cases, both types will present as eczematous lesions on exposed parts of the body, notably the hands. Accurate diagnosis relies on meticulous history taking, thorough physical examination, careful distinguishing between irritants and allergens, and comprehensive patch testing to confirm or ruled out allergic sensitization. This is a basic review to issue a forensic professional judgement.
Assuntos
Humanos , Riscos Ocupacionais , Dermatite Irritante/patologia , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/patologia , Doenças Profissionais/diagnóstico , Saúde Ocupacional , Medicina LegalRESUMO
Estudio epidemiológico de cohorte con 1030 escolares de 4to. y 5to. grados de dos Municipios de la Ciudad Habana, diferenciados por el grado de exposición a la contaminación ambiental. Se realizaron pruebas funcionales respiratorias a una submuestra, de los alumnos (104 en cada Municipio) y se confeccionó un registro diario de morbilidad en cada aula. Se encontró un porciento mayor de pruebas positivas en los niños con antecedentes patológicos personales, residentes en la zona de mayor exposición. Se halló un riesgo relativo mayor que 1, en el asma bronquial y en la obstrucción nasal en el Municipio Cerro de mayor exposición, en relación al Municipio Habana del este, de menor exposición.