Diagnóstico clínico integral de adultos mayores atendidos en Perú / Comprehensive clinical diagnosis of older adults attended in Peru

Introducción: Los adultos mayores constituyen el grupo poblacional más vulnerable y el menos favorecido por los sistemas de salud, transitan por un proceso de involución progresiva que puede repercutir en su salud; por tanto, se torna relevante el diagnóstico clínico oportuno y adecuado para identificar eventuales alteraciones. Objetivo: Establecer el diagnóstico clínico integral según sexo y edad de adultos mayores atendidos a nivel nacional en el Perú. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo, durante marzo y abril del 2021, en 60698 adultos mayores atendidos en todos los departamentos del Perú. La valoración física, funcional, mental y social de los adultos mayores se realizó mediante la Historia Clínica de Atención Integral de Salud del Adulto Mayor y se interpretó con su guía técnica. Se describieron frecuencias absolutas, relativas, intervalos de confianza para proporciones al 95% y el chi cuadrado de homogeneidad. Resultados: El 49,4% de adultos mayores estaban enfermos, de los cuales el 50,8% fueron mujeres y el 47,4% varones, el 50,0% tenían de 60 a 69 años, el 50,6% de 70 a 79 años y el 46,1% de 80 a más años. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el diagnóstico clínico integral por sexo y edad (p = 0,000). Discusión: Independientemente del número de participantes en todos los contextos estudiados, al menos una enfermedad crónica coexiste medianamente en los adultos mayores, sin ser determinante el lugar donde viven, pues el proceso de envejecimiento solo puede ser distinto en su velocidad de progresión y en las condiciones en que se presenta. Conclusión: Los adultos mayores en su mayoría estaban enfermos, fueron mujeres y tenían de 70 a 79 años, las diferencias por sexo y edad en el diagnóstico clínico integral fueron significativas. Las intervenciones en etapas previas contribuirían de manera importante en un envejecimiento saludable.

Introduction: Older adults are the most vulnerable population group and the least favored by health systems. They go through a process of progressive involution that can have health repercussions; therefore, timely and adequate clinical diagnosis becomes relevant to identify possible alterations. Objective: To establish a comprehensive clinical diagnosis according to sex and age of older adults attended nationally in Peru. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study was conducted between March and April 2021 on 60,698 older adults attended in all the departments of Peru. Physical, functional, mental, and social examination of the older adults was conducted using the Medical Record of Comprehensive Health Care for Older Adults, interpreted using its technical guide. Absolute and relative frequencies, 95% confidence intervals for proportions, and the chi-square test of homogeneity were described. Results:49.4% of older adults were ill, of which 50.8% were women and 47.4% were men; 50.0% were aged 60 to 69 years, 50.6% were aged 70 to 79 years, and 46.1% were aged 80 years and over. Statistically significant differences were found among comprehensive clinical diagnosis, sex, and age (p = 0.000). Discussion: Regardless of the number of participants in all the contexts studied, at least one chronic disease moderately coexists in older adults, without the place where they live being a determining factor, since the aging process can only be different in its speed of progression and in the conditions in which it occurs. Conclusions: Most of the older adults were ill, female, and aged 70 to 79 years; differences in sex and age in the comprehensive clinical diagnosis were significant. Interventions at earlier stages may contribute significantly to healthy aging.

Introdução: os idosos constituem o grupo populacional mais vulnerável e menos favorecido pelos sistemas de saúde, passam por um processo de involução progressiva que pode afetar sua saúde; portanto, o diagnóstico clínico oportuno e adequado torna-se relevante para identificar eventuais alterações. Objetivo: estabelecer o diagnóstico clínico integral segundo sexo e idade de idosos atendidos em nível nacional no Peru. Materiais e métodos: foi realizado um estudo descritivo, transversal e retrospectivo, durante março e abril de 2021, em 60.698 idosos atendidos em todos os departamentos do Peru. A avaliação física, funcional, mental e social dos idosos foi realizada por meio da História Clínica da Atenção Integral à Saúde do Idoso e foi interpretada com seu guia técnico. Foram descritas frequências absolutas e relativas, intervalos de confiança para proporções a 95% e o qui-quadrado de homogeneidade. Resultados: 49,4% dos idosos estavam doentes, sendo 50,8% mulheres e 47,4% homens, 50,0% tinham entre 60 e 69 anos, 50,6% tinham 70 a 79 anos e 46,1% de 80 a mais anos. Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre o diagnóstico clínico abrangente por sexo e idade (p = 0,000). Disussão: Independentemente do número de participantes em todos os contextos estudados, pelo menos uma doença crónica coexiste moderadamente em adultos mais velhos, independentemente do local onde vivem, uma vez que o processo de envelhecimento só pode diferir na sua velocidade de progressão e nas condições em que ocorre. Conclusão: os idosos eram em sua maioria doentes, eram mulheres e tinham de 70 a 79 anos, as diferenças por sexo e idade no diagnóstico clínico integral foram significativas. As intervenções em etapas anteriores contribuiriam significativamente para um envelhecimento saudável.

Sensitivity of Laségue Sign and Slump Test in Hernia and Disc Bulging Diagnoses Compared with Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Sensibilidade das manobras de Laségue e de slump nos diagnósticos de hérnia e abaulamento discal em comparação com ressonância magnética

Abstract Objective To show the accuracy of the most used maneuvers in the clinical diagnosis of lumbosciatalgia, the slump test and the Laségue sign. Methods In order to perform the present study, 101 patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) discopathy (gold standard) were selected and had their medical records reviewed to identify which had the positive maneuvers on the initial physical examination. Results The sensitivity found for the slump test and the Laségue sign in the diagnosis of disc herniation was 55.3% and 18.1%, respectively. Nonetheless, when they were compared with each other for the diagnosis of disc bulging, the sensitivity obtained was of 85.7% for the slump test and of 28.6% for the Laségue sign. Conclusion Comparing both clinical exams with MRI, it was found that the slump test presents superior sensitivity compared with the Laségue sign for both the diagnosis of hernia and disc bulging, and should be more present in clinical practice.

Resumo Objetivo Mostrar a acurácia das manobras mais usadas no diagnóstico clínico da lombociatalgia, a manobra de slump ea de Laségue. Métodos Para a realização do presente estudo, foram selecionados 101 pacientes com discopatia na ressonância magnética (RM) (padrão ouro), sendo posteriormente realizada a revisão dos prontuários para identificar quais tiveram as manobras positivas no exame físico inicial. Resultados A sensibilidade encontrada para as manobras de slump e Laségue no diagnóstico de hérnia discal foi respectivamente 55,3% e 18,1%. Já quando comparamos as manobras para o diagnóstico de abaulamento discal, a sensibilidade obtida foi de 85,7% para a manobra de slump e de 28,6% para a manobra de Laségue. Conclusão Foi constatado que a manobra de slump apresenta sensibilidade superior à da manobra de Laségue tanto para o diagnóstico de hérnia quanto para o de abaulamento discal quando comparadas a RM, e deveria estar mais presente na prática clínica.

Neumotórax espontáneo / Spontaneous pneumothorax

Introducción: El neumotórax espontáneo es la causa más frecuente de ingreso urgente en los servicios de cirugía torácica. Objetivo: Caracterizar a pacientes ingresados con diagnóstico de neumotórax espontáneo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de 93 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico y radiológico de neumotórax espontáneo, se establecieron las variables del estudio y se utilizaron frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes. Para la asociación de las variables se empleó el estadígrafo ji cuadrado con un nivel de confiabilidad del 95 por ciento. Resultados: Predominó el neumotórax espontáneo primario (65,5 por ciento), el sexo masculino fue el más afectado (80,6 por ciento), con mayor frecuencia en el hemitórax derecho (72,2 por ciento) y el tabaquismo como antecedente (83,9 por ciento). La pleurostomía mínima fue el tratamiento definitivo en el 72 por ciento de los pacientes. La complicación más frecuente después de la pleurostomía, fue la fuga persistente de aire. El tratamiento quirúrgico con pleurodesis mecánica, ofreció un 100 por ciento de efectividad. La mortalidad quirúrgica fue nula. Conclusiones: El neumotórax espontáneo predomina en el sexo masculino en una proporción de 4,2:1, en pacientes menores de 40 años de edad. El antecedente patológico personal que más se asocia es la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. El síntoma predominante es el dolor torácico. El neumotórax espontáneo primario fue más frecuente y el hemitórax derecho el más afectado. El tabaquismo está presente como antecedente en ambos tipos de neumotórax espontáneo. La modalidad de tratamiento más utilizada es la pleurostomía mínima(AU)

Introduction: Spontaneous pneumothorax is the most frequent cause of urgent admission to thoracic surgery services. Objective: To characterize patients admitted with a diagnosis of spontaneous pneumothorax. Methods: A descriptive study of 93 patients with a clinical and radiological diagnosis of spontaneous pneumothorax was carried out, the study variables were established and absolute frequencies and percentages were used. For the association of the variables, the chi square statistic was used with a confidence level of 95 percent. Results: Primary spontaneous pneumothorax predominated (65.5 percent), the male sex was the most affected (80.6 percent), with greater frequency in the right hemithorax (72.2 percent) and smoking as the antecedent (83.9 percent). Minimal pleurostomy was the definitive treatment in 72 percent of the patients. The most frequent complication after pleurostomy was persistent air leak. Surgical treatment with mechanical pleurodesis offered 100 percent effectiveness. There was not surgical mortality. Conclusions: Spontaneous pneumothorax predominated in males in a ratio of 4.2: 1, in patients under 40 years of age. The most associated personal pathological history was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The predominant symptom was chest pain. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax was more frequent and the right hemithorax the most affected. Smoking was present as a history in both types of spontaneous pneumothorax. The most widely used treatment modality was minimal pleurostomy(AU)

Análisis de factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos y nutricionales en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 e hipertensos esenciales usuarios de atención privada y pública / Analysis of cardiometabolic and nutritional risk factors in patients with diabetes type 2 and essential hypertension users of private and public care

La enfermedad cardiovascular es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad en Chile, según resultados entregados por la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2017 un 3,3% de la población ha presentado un infarto agudo al miocardio, un 2,6% reporta haber sufrido un ataque cerebrovascular, el 74% de los chilenos presenta obesidad y un 87% sedentarismo, siendo la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) con un 12% y la hipertensión arterial con un 28% resultados que preocupan por su importante incremento. La investigación tuvo un diseño observacional de corte transversal. Se realizó en 69 pacientes con DM2 e hipertensos esenciales, entre 40 y 80 años de edad, pertenecientes al Sistema salud municipal (SMS) y privado (SPS) en la ciudad de Iquique. Se realizó encuesta alimentaria, medición antropométrica y exámenes bioquímicos y presión arterial. Al analizar ambos grupos se destaca los siguientes resultados: actividad física 17,24% SPS y 42,5% en SSM, presión arterial controlada 55,2% SPS y 87,5% en SSM, control de hemoglobina glicosilada 26,9% SPS y 52,5% en SSM, colesterol total alterado 17,9% SPS y 45% en SSM, síntomas depresivos 96,5% SPS y 26,3% en SSM. Se evidenció una prevalencia de mal nutrición por exceso de un 89,7% SPS y 95% SSM, riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) según circunferencia de cintura (CC) 96,5% SPS y 92,3% SSM. En relación a la encuesta alimentaria se observó que un 44,8% en usuarios SPS y 52,5% de SSM presentaron consumo alimentario hipercalórico. Los usuarios de atención privada y pública presentaron factores de riesgo cardiovascular, donde destacan la obesidad, sedentarismo y RCV según CC. Al comparar ambos grupos los usuarios SPS presentan menor control metabólico de su enfermedad y factores de riesgo cardiovascular aumentados en relación a los usuarios SSM.

Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in Chile, according to the results provided by the 2017 National Health Survey, 3.3% of the population has presented acute myocardial infarction, 2.6% reported have suffered a cerebrovascular accident, 74% of Chileans are obese and 87% have sedentary behavior, belonging to type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) into 12% and arterial hypertension into 28%, alarming results due to their significant increase. The research had a cross-sectional observational study design. 69 patients with DM2 and essential hypertensive patients, between 40 and 80 years of age were studied, belonging to the municipal (SSM) and private (SPS) health systems in the city of Iquique. A food intake survey, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical and blood pressure tests were taken. When analyzing both groups, the following results stand out: physical activity 17.24% in SPS and 42.5% in SSM, controlled blood pressure 55.2% in SPS and 87.5% in SSM, controlled glycosylated hemoglobin 26.9% in SPS and 52.5% in SSM, altered values of total cholesterol 17.9% in SPS and 45% in SSM, depression symptoms 96.5% in SPS and 26.3% in SSM. Prevalence of malnutrition due to excess 89.7% in SPS and 95% in SSM, cardiovascular risk (RCV) according to waist circumference (CC) 96.5% in SPS and 92.3% in SSM were evidenced. In relation to the food intake survey, it was observed that 44.8% of SPS users and 52.5% of SSM users consume hypercaloric diet. The users of private and public care presented cardiovascular risk factors, where the obesity, sedentary lifestyle and RCV related to CC stand out. When comparing both groups, SPS users have less control of their disease in relation to SSM users.

Correlation Between Clinical and Histopathologic Diagnosis of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the frequency of oral potentially malignant disorders and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and evaluate the consistency between their clinical and pathological features. Material and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on records with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia, oral erythroplakia, erythroleukoplakia, actinic cheilitis, lichen planus, and OSCC in the Pathology Department of Kerman dental school from September 1997 to September 2017. Data were analyzed in SPSS 21 at the significance level of ≤5%. Results: There were 378 cases of oral potentially malignant disorders and 70 cases of OSCC with a mean age of 46.82 ± 15.24 years. Buccal mucosa was the most frequent site, and lichen planus the most common lesion. Females were significantly older than males in leukoplakia and carcinoma in situ lesions. Clinical diagnosis and histopathology were consistent in 69.03% of cases. Conclusion: Clinical and histopathological diagnoses were consistent in 69.03% of records. The highest degree of clinical compliance with histopathology was observed in OSCC. Dentists should pay attention to oral potentially malignant disorders for early diagnosis to prevent their transformation to malignancy.

Primer premolar inferior con dos conductos y doble trayecto fistuloso: caso clínico / First lower premolar with two canals and double fistulous path: a clinical case

El tratamiento endodóntico del primer premolar inferior, cuando presenta varios conductos o varias raíces puede ser un gran desafío. En el presente trabajo se describe un caso clínico de un paciente de sexo masculino de 60 años de edad que concurre al Servicio de Guardia de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (FOUBA). Al examen clínico y radiográfico se descubre la presencia de dos trayectos fistulosos que corresponden a la misma pieza dentaria con diagnóstico de absceso alveolar crónico. Concluimos que el operador debe realizar un minucioso diagnóstico, y analizar y conocer las diferentes configuraciones anatómicas para tratarlas adecuadamente, aumentando así las probabilidades de éxito del tratamiento (AU)

Endodontic treatment of the first lower premolar when it has multiple ducts or multiple roots can be a challenge. This paper describes a clinical case of a 60-year-old male patient who attends the on-call service of the School of Dentistry of the University of Buenos Aires (FOUBA). Upon clinical and radiographic examination, the presence of two sinusal tracts that corresponded to the same dental piece with a diagnosis of chronic alveolar abscess was discovered. We conclude that the operator must carry out a thorough diagnosis and analyze and understand the different anatomical configurations in order to properly treat them, thus increasing the probability of treatment success (AU)

Afectación respiratoria por coronavirus (COVID-19) / Respiratory involvement by coronavirus (COVID-19)

In December 2019, an epidemic of cases with unexplained lower respiratory infections detected in Wuhan, China was first reported to the WHO China Office. The respiratory picture presents in various ways, from asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic forms, to clinical conditions characterized by respiratory failure that require mechanical ventilation and support in the ICU, with multi-organ and systemic manifestations in terms of sepsis, septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. The etiological agent was identified as a virus belonging to the coronavirus family (CoV) with a high contagion capacity that determined its rapid spread, triggering a pandemic with high morbidity and mortality. This review attempts to address the basics of this disease.

Clinimetrics in Sjögrens syndrome / Clinimetría en el síndrome de Sjögren

ABSTRACT Introduction: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease that can affect quality of life, cause disability, including progression to systemic complications in patients. In order to evaluate these components, several clinimetric scales have been used in pSS. Methods: In order to describe the most commonly used clinimetric scales in pSS, a systematic search of articles was carried out using Google Scholar, Scielo, Embase, Academic Search Ultimate, and Medline databases. Pubmed was used for the search in Medline, with the MeSH terms: 'Clinimetry'; 'Clinimetrics'; 'Quality of life'; 'Activity Index'; 'Scales'; 'Sjögren's syndrome'; linked with the Boolean connector AND. A total of 1081 articles published up to May 2018 were reduced to the 51 of the most relevant after application of inclusion criteria. Results: The most commonly used clinimetric scales in the evaluation of systemic involvement and quality of life in patients with pSS are described. Conclusion: Clinimetric methods are very useful from the point of view of follow-up, evaluation of response to treatment, perception of the disease by patients, and objective evaluation of clinical trials in pSS.

RESUMEN Introducción: El síndrome de Sjögren primario (SSp) es una enfermedad autoinmune, cuyo compromiso se puede ver reflejado en la calidad de vida, incapacidad y progresión a complicaciones en los pacientes. Con el fin de evaluar estos componentes, diversas escalas clinimétricas se han utilizado en el SSp. Métodos: Para describir las escalas de clinimetría más utilizadas en el SSp, se realizó una búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos Google Scholar, Scielo, Embase, Academic Search Ultimate y Medline. Se empleó Pubmed para la búsqueda en Medline, con los términos MeSH: «Clinimetry¼; «Clinimetrics¼; «Quality of life¼; « Activity index¼; «Scales¼; «Sjögren's syndrome¼; enlazados con el conector booleano AND. Se incluyeron 1.081 artículos publicados hasta mayo de 2018, que luego de la aplicación de los criterios de inclusión, se redujeron a 51 con la mayor relevancia. Resultados: Se describen las escalas de clinimetría más usadas en la evaluación del compromiso sistémico y de la calidad de vida en los pacientes con SSp. Conclusión: Los métodos clinimétricos tienen gran utilidad desde el punto de vista de seguimiento, evaluación de respuesta a tratamiento, percepción de la enfermedad por parte de los pacientes y evaluación objetiva de ensayos clínicos en el SSp.

Associação entre Disfunção Erétil e Piora na Qualidade de Vida de Pacientes com Doença Arterial Coronariana / Association between Erectile Dysfunction and Quality of Life in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Fundamentos: A disfunção erétil (DE) e a doença arterial coronariana (DAC) compartilham os mesmos fatores de risco e as associações entre DE, qualidade de vida (QV) e DAC têm sido motivo de estudos recentes. Objetivo: Avaliar se a DE está associada a piora da QV em pacientes com DAC. Métodos: Estudo transversal, multicêntrico, prospectivo e analítico, realizado de dezembro de 2014 a abril de 2016, que recrutou 304 homens (idade média: 57 ± 9,9 anos) com diagnóstico clínico de DAC. A QV foi avaliada através do Short Form-36 e a DE pelo Índice Internacional de Função Erétil. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritiva e analítica, sendo que o teste não paramétrico Kruskal-Wallis foi usado para analisar se existem diferenças significativas em cada domínio de qualidade de vida quando se comparam os diferentes tipos de DE. Para todos os testes, valor de p ≤ 0,05 foi considerado significante. Resultados: A prevalência de DE foi de 76,3%. As medianas e percentis 25 e 75 de cada domínio de qualidade de vida de acordo com a ausência de DE, DE leve, leve a moderada, moderada e grave, respectivamente, foram: Capacidade funcional: 85 (63-100), 75 (50-95), 60 (32-85), 55 (35-75), 50 (30-70), p < 0,001; Aspectos físicos: 87 (0-100), 40 (0-100), 0 (0-100), 0 (0-31), 0 (0-12), p < 0,001; Dor: 72 (51-100), 66 (51-100), 74 (51-100), 62 (51-100), 51 (31-62), p = 0,001; Estado geral de saúde: 77 (62-87), 72 (57-77), 67 (55-82), 67 (59-75), 52 (37-68), p < 0,001; Vitalidade: 75 (60-85), 65 (50-75), 65 (55-75), 60 (43-75), 50 (32-65), p < 0,001; Aspectos sociais: 87 (62-100), 87 (62-100), 87 (68-100), 75 (62-100), 75 (50-93), p = 0,139; Aspectos emocionais: 100 (58-100), 100 (33-100), 100 (33-100), 100 (0-100), 0 (0-100), p = 0,001; Saúde mental: 80 (67-89), 72 (60-84), 72 (66-80), 68 (58-80), 56 (50-74), p < 0,001. Conclusões: A prevalência de disfunção erétil foi elevada. A DE esteve associada a piora da QV em pacientes com DAC

Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) and coronary artery disease (CAD) share the same risk factors and the associations between ED, quality of life (QoL) and CAD have been the subject of recent studies. Objective: To evaluate whether ED is associated with worsening QoL in patients with CAD. Methods:A cross-sectional, multicenter, prospective and analytic study was carried out from EDcember 2014 to April 2016, which recruited 304 men (mean age: 57 ± 9.9 years) with clinical diagnosis of CAD. QoL was assessed using Short Form-36 and ED by the International Erectile Function InEDx. EDscriptive and analytical statistical analyzes were performed, and the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test was used to test whether there are significant differences in each quality of life domain when comparing different types of ED. For all tests, p ≤ 0.05 was consiEDred significant. Results: The prevalence of ED was 76.3%. The median and percentiles 25 and 75 of each life quality domain according to the absence of ED; mild ED, mild to moderate, moderate and severe ED and severe ED, respectively, were: Functional capacity: 85 (63-100), 75 (50 -95), 60 (32-85), 55 (35-75), 50 (30-70), p < 0.001; Physical aspects: 87 (0-100), 40 (0-100), 0 (0-100), 0 (0-31), 0 (0-12), p < 0.001; Pain: 72 (51-100), 66 (51-100), 74 (51-100), 62 (51-100), 51 (31-62), p = 0.001; General state of health: 77 (62-87), 72 (57-77), 67 (55-82), 67(59-75), 52 (37-68), p < 0.001; Vitality: 75 (60-85), 65 (50-75), 65 (55-75), 60 (43-75), 50 (32-65), p < 0.001; Social Aspects: 87 (62-100), 87 (62-100), 87 (68-100), 75 (62-100), 75 (50-93), p = 0.139; Emotional Aspects: 100 (58-100), 100 (33-100), 100 (33-100), 100 (0-100), 0 (0-100), p = 0.001; Mental health: 80 (67-89), 72 (60-84), 72 (66-80), 68 (58-80), 56 (50-74), p < 0.001. Conclusions: The prevalence of erectile dysfunction was high. ED was associated with worsening of QoL in patients with CAD

Terapias oncoespecíficas en pacientes con virus del herpes simple bucal / Oncospecific therapies in patients with herpes simplex virus

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 25 pacientes con cáncer infectados por el virus del herpes simple bucal, quienes tenían el sistema inmunológico deteriorado debido al tratamiento oncoespecífico, atendidos en la consulta estomatológica del Policlínico de Especialidades del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico Saturnino Lora Torres de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero de 2014 hasta igual mes de 2016, a fin de evaluar los resultados del diagnóstico clínico y citopatológico de esta afección. En la casuística prevalecieron el sexo masculino, el dolor como sintomatología clínica, el bermellón del labio inferior como el sitio de mayor incidencia y la quimioterapia como la modalidad terapéutica de mayor reactivación de este agente viral. La citología exfoliativa confirmó la presencia de células epiteliales gigantes multinucleadas con cuerpos de inclusiones intranucleares y necrosis de células infectadas, respectivamente, siendo estos los hallazgos microscópicos más significativos

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 25 patients with cancer infected by the oral herpes simplex virus was carried out. They had the immunologic system damaged due to oncospecific treatment, assisted in the stomatological service of the Specialties Polyclinic of Saturnino Lora Torres Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January, 2014 to the same month in 2016, in order to evaluate the results of the clinical and cytopathologic diagnosis of this disorder. In the case material the male sex and pain as clinical symptomatology, the vermilion of the lower lip as the place of more incidence and chemotherapy as the therapeutic modality of this viral agent higher reactivation prevailed. The exfoliative cytology confirmed the presence of multinucleous giant epithelial cells with bodies of intranuclear inclusions and infected cells necrosis, respectively, being these the most significant microscopic findings

Epidemiological Profile of Patients with Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer Treated at a Referral Hospital, Salvador, Brazil

Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer treated at a referral hospital in Salvador, Brazil. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at Aristides Maltez Hospital (HAM), analyzing the medical records of patients treated between 2008 and 2015. Of the 722 medical records analyzed, 154 were included, considering the following variables: gender, age, occupation and educational level; type of lesion of the mouth/oropharynx cancer, its location and stage. The data were presented using descriptive statistics. Results: There was a greater occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma (88.3%), with a higher prevalence for males (72.73) and age between 60-69 years (42%), with a predominance of farmers (38.31%). As for the educational level, 59% had only completed elementary school. The most common location for cancer was the tongue, 25.15% of the cases, and the professional responsible for the diagnosis was predominantly a doctor (94%). Prevalence of T3 and T4 size tumors (53.25%). Conclusion: Patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer are mostly male, older than 60 years, with low educational level, and working as farmers. The most common location was the tongue, and T3 and T4 tumors were predominant.

Temporomandibular joint involvement in rheumatoid arthritis patients: association between clinical and tomographic data / Envolvimento da articulação temporomandibular em pacientes com artrite reumatoide - associação entre dados clínicos e tomográficos

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and synovial hyperplasia, which usually affects multiple joints. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) becomes susceptible to the development of changes resulting from RA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of TMD and degenerative bone changes in TMJ in patients diagnosed with RA (rheumatoid arthritis). The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/ TMD) questionnaire was used for clinical evaluation of the TMJ and for TMD classification of 49 patients of both sexes and all ages. Individuals who had already undergone prior treatment for TMD and/or with a history of craniofacial trauma were excluded. The participants underwent cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) exams to assess possible degenerative changes in the mandibular condyle and the articular eminence. The frequencies of the changes found are presented and the possible associations between clinical and CT findings analyzed using the chisquare test. It was found that 75% of the patients had complaints of pain in the orofacial region, including arthralgia, myalgia or both. As for the diagnoses, 100% of the sample was diagnosed as RDC/TMD Group III (arthralgia, osteoarthritis or osteoarthrosis). The presence of degenerative bone changes was found in 90% of the subjects, the most prevalent being flattening (78.7%) and osteophytes (39.3%).

A artrite reumatoide (AR) é uma doença sistêmica, autoimune, caracterizada por inflamação crônica e hiperplasia sinovial, que usualmente afeta múltiplas articulações. Dentre estas, a articulação temporomandibular (ATM), tornase susceptível ao desenvolvimento de alterações. O estudo objetiva avaliar a presença de desordem temporomandibular (DTM) e altera ções ósseas degenerativas da ATM (articulação temporo man di bu lar) de pacientes diagnosticados com AR (artrite reumatóide). Como metodologia, aplicouse o questionário Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorder (RDC/ TDM) em para avaliação clínica da ATM e classificação da desordem temporomandibular em 49 pacientes de ambos os sexos e idade variável. Foram excluídos os indivíduos que já haviam realizado tratamento prévio para DTM e/ou com histórico de traumatismo crâniofacial. Posteriormente os participantes foram submetidos a exames de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) para avaliação de possíveis alterações degenerativas no côndilo mandibular e na eminência articular. Foram apresentadas as frequências das alterações encontradas e verificouse a associação entre os achados clínicotomográficos por meio do teste do Quiquadrado. Após a avaliação clínica verificouse que 75% dos pacientes possuíam queixas de dor na região orofacial, variando entre a presença de artralgia, mialgia ou ambas. Quanto aos diagnósticos, 100% da amostra apresentou diagnóstico do Grupo III do RDC/TMD (artralgia, osteoartrite ou osteoartrose). A presença de alterações ósseas degenera tivas foi encontrada em 90% dos indivíduos avaliados, sendo que as mais prevalentes foram aplainamento (78,7%) e osteófito (39,3%).

Fibrose cística na clínica pediátrica / Cystic fibrosis in Pediatrics

A fibrose cística (FC) é uma doença de herança autossômica recessiva, que atinge as glândulas exócrinas, envolvendo múltiplos órgãos e evoluindo de forma crônica e progressiva. A mutação ocorre no gene CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane condutance regulator), que codifica a proteína de membrana também denominada CFTR, um canal de cloro que participa da regulação do transporte de eletrólitos e água na superfície celular. Acima de 1.900 mutações já foram descritas. Deve-se ressaltar, na apresentação clínica, a presença de doença pulmonar obstrutiva e supurativa recorrente ou crônica, diarreia/esteatorreia, dificuldade no ganho de peso/crescimento ou desnutrição e desidratação hiponatrêmica. Porém o diagnóstico deve ser também considerado em diversas outras possíveis apresentações clínicas. O teste do suor continua sendo o exame de referência para o diagnóstico da doença, estando alterado em cerca de 98% dos casos. A triagem neonatal positiva deve ser um sinal de alerta ao pediatra para o diagnóstico de FC, mas, muitas vezes, trata-se de falso-positivo. O tratamento é complexo e deve ser feito em centro de referência, por equipe multiprofissional. Manter bom estado nutricional, associado a bom controle da doença pulmonar, utilizando-se das inúmeras terapêuticas hoje existentes possibilita melhor prognóstico e sobrevida. Diversas novas perspectivas terapêuticas se encontram em estudo, possibilitando melhor prognóstico, melhor qualidade de vida e possivelmente, em alguns anos, a cura da doença...

Urticaria crónica / Chronic urticaria

La urticaria crónica (VC), es una variante común de la urticaria que se define como un síndrome reactivo de la piel y mucosas caracterizado por la presencia de placas eritematosas, habones o ronchas edematosas y pruriginosas que se prolonga durante más de seis semanas. La etiología de la VC no es muy clara en la mayoría de los casos, multitud de causas se han implicado. La patogenia es compleja. El conocimiento y estudio de cada uno de los factores celulares y solubles, su interacción dinámica, vías efectoras y trama de citoquinas conducirá al logro de una terapéutica efectiva y racional de la urticaria crónica.

Chronic urticaria (VC) is a common variant of urticaria which is defined as a reactive skin and mucous membranes syndrome characterized by the presence of plaques erythematous, wheals, or swollen and itchy hives that lasts more than six weeks. The etiology of the VC is not very clear in the majority of cases, multitude of causes have been implicated. The pathogenesis is complex. Knowledge and study of each cell and soluble factors, their dynamic interaction, effector pathways and cytokines plot will lead to the achievement of an effective and rational therapy of chronic urticaria.

Características clínicas y sociodemográficas de los casos con tuberculosis resistente en el municipio de Armenia, Quindío (Colombia) / Clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of tuberculosis with antimicrobial resistance in Armenia, Quindio (Colombia)

Objetivo: Analizar los factores sociodemográficos y clínicos de los pacientes con diagnóstico de tuberculosis resistente en el municipio de Armenia durante el período 2006-2009. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo con base en la notificación de pacientes con tuberculosis resistentes durante el período de estudio. Los datos fueron tomados de los registros consignados en las fichas de notificación y las tarjetas individuales de tratamiento categoría IV. Resultados: Entre 2006 y 2009, 678 pacientes ingresaron en el programa de control de la tuberculosis. De ellos, 14 casos (2,0%) fueron resistentes al menos a un medicamento, y entre estos, 7 (50%) fueron multirresistentes. El 21% estuvo asociado a infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. La tasa de fallecimientos en pacientes con tuberculosis con farmacorresistencia múltiple fue del 71%. Se encontró amplificación de la resistencia en 2 casos, quienes presentaron deterioro en el estado de salud y deceso. Conclusión: La situación en Armenia de resistencia a antituberculosos es de proporción similar a la del resto del país. Se encontraron factores de riesgo conocidos en los casos de resistencia (coinfección con virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, farmacodependencia, abandono social) en la mayoría de casos, pero también de resistencia primaria y sin factores de riesgo con farmacorresistencia múltiple y una alta mortalidad, lo que llama la atención para mejorar la vigilancia y el control de los casos en tratamiento en la ciudad.

Objective: To analyze the socio-demographic and clinical diagnosis of patients with resistant tuberculosis in the municipality of Armenia in the period 2006-2009. Methods: We performed a retrospective descriptive study based on the notification of patients with resistant tuberculosis during the study period, data were taken from registrations under notification forms and individual treatment cards category IV. Results: 678 patients were admitted to the program of tuberculosis control between 2006 and 2009, 14 cases (2,0%) were resistant to at least one drug and from these cases 7 were multidrug resistant (MDR). In 21% of cases there was co-infection with HIV. The death rate in patients with MDR-TB was 71%. Amplification in resistance was observed in two cases which lead to further deterioration in the health status and death. Conclusion: Armenia has levels of resistance to anti tuberculosis drugs similar to the reported in the rest of Colombia. We found factors already know to be associated with resistance (drug addiction, social abandon, HIV co infection) but there were also cases without these factors and with primary MDR and high mortality, therefore is urgent to improve the public health measures for cases under treatment in this city.

Perfil de crianças com deficiência atendidas na Associação Mineira de Reabilitação: características sociodemográficas, clínicas e funcionais / Profile of disabled children assisted at Associação Mineira de Reabilitação: sociodemographic, clinical and functional characteristics

O número crescente de crianças com deficiência atendidas em centros de reabilitação gera a necessidade de informações sobre essa clientela, de forma a direcionar ações e intervenções terapêuticas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar o perfil de crianças assistidas na Associação Mineira de Reabilitação (AMR), quanto a características sociodemográficas, clínicas e funcionais. Foram analisados prontuários das 384 crianças atendidas na AMR. As informações sociodemográficas das crianças e suas famílias incluíram sexo e idade da criança, idade de admissão na AMR, moradia, renda familiar, benefícios, estado civil da mãe, escolaridade dos pais, inserção da criança na escola, encaminhamento à instituição, tipo de atendimento. As características clínicas foram obtidas por meio do diagnóstico clínico, e as características funcionais, pelo Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade (PEDI) e pelo Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa (GMFCS). Os dados foram analisados com a estatística de ANOVA. Resultados revelaram que a maioria das crianças foi encaminhada para a instituição até os 2 anos de idade, provenientes de famílias de baixa renda e de baixa escolaridade, e possuía diagnóstico de paralisia cerebral com grave comprometimento motor. As crianças com condições de saúde de origem medular (mielomeningocele) e neuromuscular (paralisia braquial obstétrica) apresentaram escores de funcionalidade superiores quando comparadas às crianças com paralisia cerebral e às crianças com síndromes genéticas. Tais informações podem nortear profissionais de reabilitação para proverem ações de intervenção adequadas, considerando as características específicas das crianças e das famílias atendidas.

The increasing number of children with disabilities in rehabilitation centers leads to the need of information regarding this population, in order to guide therapeutic actions and interventions. The purpose of the study was to describe the profile of children assisted at Associação Mineira de Reabilitação (AMR), regarding to sociodemographic, clinical and functional characteristics. Information from 384 clinical charts of children assisted was analyzed. The sociodemographic information of children and their families included children's gender and age, age of admission at AMR, place of living, family financial outcome, benefits, mothers' marital status, parents' educational level, participation at school, referral at AMR, type of service received. Clinical characteristics were obtained considering the clinical diagnosis and the functional information through the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) and the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Data were analyzed with ANOVA. Results show that most of children were referred to AMR before they were 2 years old. They were from families with low socioeconomic and educational levels, and most of them had the diagnosis of cerebral palsy, with severe level of motor impairments. Children with spinal cord (myelomeningocele) and neuromuscular (obstetric brachial palsy) conditions presented superior functional scores compared to children with cerebral palsy and genetic syndromes. Such information can guide rehabilitation professionals to provide adequate rehabilitation services, considering the specificities of these children and families.

Un caso de demencia frontotemporal en su variante lingüística fluente / A case of frontotemporal dementia in fluent linguistic variant

La dificultad para encontrar las palabras en una conversación y expresar lo que se piensa, así como la pérdida del conocimiento en la escritura de las palabras y su significado en presencia de un habla fluida; se evidencia en este estudio de caso; en una mujer de 62 años, con estudios en comercio y secretariado bilingüe, quien previamente a sus dificultades, se desempeñó como secretaria de alta gerencia con sobresalientes habilidades lingüísticas y en su escritura tipo palmer. Ha presentado una progresión gradual de sus déficits, evolucionando hacia un perfil de deterioro global cognoscitivo, específicamente de sus habilidades del lenguaje, déficit de memoria explicita verbal y semántica, alteración en el cálculo, disortografía, agrafia y disfunción ejecutiva, con parcial limitación para desempeñarse funcionalmente en las actividades de la vida diaria. Con la presentación de este caso, se encuentra un cuadro clínico inicial de afectación del sistema semántico y de la representación mental de las palabras, siendo congruente con una demencia semántica. Se presenta el papel fundamental de la evaluación neuropsicológica y la elaboración de la historia clínica, para efectuar un diagnóstico clínico diferencial entre las demencias degenerativas primarias como la enfermedad de Alzheimer y las variantes de las demencias frontotemporales.

The difficulty of finding words in a conversation and express what we think, and unconsciousness in the writing of words and their meaning in the presence of fluent speech, is evident in this study case, a woman of 62 years, with studies in business and bilingual secretary, who prior to his difficulties, she served as secretary of senior management with outstanding language skills and writing Palm OS. He has presented a gradual progression of their deficits, evolving towards a profile of global cognitive impairment, specifically their language skills, verbal explicit memory deficit and semantic change in the calculation, dysorthography, agraphia and executive dysfunction, with partial limitation to perform functionally in activities of daily living. By presenting this case, is a clinical initial involvement of the semantic system and the mental representation of words, being consistent with a semantic dementia. We report the role of neuropsychological assessment and the development of clinical history, to conduct a clinical differential diagnosis between primary degenerative dementia's such as Alzheimer's disease and variants of frontotemporal dementia.

Influência do treinamento da musculatura respiratória e de membros inferiores no desempenho funcional de indivíduos com DPOC / Influence of respiratory and lower limb muscle training on functional performance of subjects with COPD

A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) caracteriza-se pela obstrução ou limitação crônica do fluxo aéreo, gerando uma desvantagem mecânica, causando fraqueza muscular e recrutamento da musculatura inspiratória acessória. A disfunção muscular esquelética é uma importante manifestação extrapulmonar, que leva àdiminuição da capacidade funcional. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a eficácia de um treinamento da musculatura respiratória e de quadríceps no desempenho funcional de indivíduos com DPOC. De nove indivíduos com idades entre 49 e 76 anos foram avaliadas as pressões respiratórias máximas (por manovacuometria), força muscular de membros inferiores (por repetição máxima), capacidade funcional (pelo teste de caminhada com carga progressiva, shuttle test) e qualidade de vida (pelo questionário de qualidade de vida SF-36), antes e depois da aplicação de protocolo de fortalecimento da musculatura inspiratória, dos músculos quadríceps e abdominais. As sessões de exercícios foram realizadas duas vezes por semana durante dois meses. Foi verificada melhora em todas as variáveis avaliadas, com diferença significativa na pressão inspiratória máxima (p<0,05). O treinamento damusculatura respiratória e de quadríceps proposto mostrou-se benéfico ao desempenho funcional de indivíduos com DPOC, sugerindo a utilização do fortalecimento muscular respiratório e periférico como recurso coadjuvante no tratamento desses indivíduos.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a clinical condition characterized by chronic airflow obstruction or limitation, which generates mechanical disadvantage, causing muscle weakness and recruitment of accessory inspiratory muscles. Skeletal muscle dysfunction is one of the most important extrapulmonary manifestations, leading to decrease in functional capacity. The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness of respiratory and quadriceps femoris muscle training on functional performance of patients with COPD. Nine subjects aged between 49 and 76 years old were assessed as to maximal respiratory pressures(by spirometry), lower limb muscle strength (by maximal repetition test), functional capacity (by the shuttle walk test) and quality of life (by the SF-36 questionnaire), before and after the protocol of muscle strengthening for inspiratory muscles, quadriceps femoris and abdominal muscles. Exercise program sessions took place twice a week for two months. Results showed improvement in all assessed variables, with significant difference (p<0.05) in maximal inspiratory pressure values. The proposed respiratory and quadriceps muscle training has thus proved beneficial for the functional performance of patients with COPD, suggesting the use of respiratory and peripheral muscle strengthening as co-adjuvant resource in the treatment of these individuals.

Validación de una herramienta de predicción clínica simple para la evaluación de la gravedad en niños con síndrome bronquial obstructivo / Validation of a clinical prediction tool to evaluate severity in children with wheezing

Introducción. El síndrome bronquial obstructivo en niños puede acompañarse de diversos grados de hipoxemia. La saturación arterial de oxígeno (SaO2) es el mejor medio para valorarhipoxemia, pero suele inferirse por una escala para valorar dificultad respiratoria, aún no validada.El objetivo fue validar la escala de dificultad respiratoria utilizada en la Argentina y compararla con la utilizada en Chile.Población, material y métodos. Se incluyeron 200 niños menores de 2 años con síndrome bronquial obstructivo y se registraron SaO2 y componentesde ambas escalas (frecuencia respiratoria, frecuencia cardíaca, tiraje, sibilancias, cianosis).Se evaluó la capacidad de los componentes para predecir hipoxemia (SaO2 ≤95 y SaO2 ≤91) por regresiónlogística. Se estimó la correlación entre la escala argentina y la SaO2. Se determinó el mejor punto de ambas escalas para predecir hipoxemia(curvas ROC). Se calculó sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivos y razones de verosimilitud de ambas escalas para predecir hipoxemia.Resultados. Sólo el tiraje fue predictor independiente de hipoxemia (SaO2 ≤95 y ≤91) (OR: 3,1 IC95 por ciento:1,6-5,9 y OR: 13,8 IC95 por ciento:1,8-105,4, respectivamente).La escala argentina mostró aceptablecorrelación con la SaO2 (Spearman: -0,492; p< 0,0001) en SaO2 ≤91, la escala argentina mostró la mejor capacidad diagnóstica (abc= 0,904).Un puntaje ≥5 fue el mejor punto para predecir hipoxemia (sensibilidad= 100 por ciento, especificidad= 54,3 por ciento). La escala chilena mostró una sensibilidadsensiblemente inferior.Conclusión. La escala argentina fue suficientemente sensible para predecir hipoxemia (SaO2 ≤91) en un puntaje ≥5, pero no mostró especificidadque permita una correcta discriminaciónpor encima de este punto. Esta escala sólo permite identificar niños que no se beneficiarían con el uso de O2.