Factores asociados a mortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19: cohorte prospectiva en un hospital de referencia nacional de Perú / Factors associated with mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: a prospective cohort in a Peruvian national referral hospital

Objetivos Describir las características clínicas y evaluar los factores asociados con la mortalidad de los pacientes adultos con la nueva enfermedad causada por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) ingresados a un hospital de referencia nacional de Perú. Métodos Se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectivo. Se incluyó a pacientes mayores de 18 años hospitalizados con el diagnóstico de infección por coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV-2). Se excluyó a quienes ingresaron con prueba rápida serológica positiva al ingreso, sin clínica sugestiva ni imágenes compatibles. Los datos se recolectaron a partir de la historia clínica. Resultados Se incluyó un total de 813 adultos, 544 (66,9%) tuvieron COVID-19 confirmado. La media de la edad fue de 61,2 años (desviación estándar: 15) y 575 (70,5%) fueron de sexo masculino. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron hipertensión arterial (34,1%) y obesidad (25,9%). Los síntomas más frecuentes al ingreso fueron disnea (82,2%) y tos (53,9%). Un total de 114 (14%) pacientes recibieron ventilación mecánica, 38 (4,7%) ingresaron a unidad de cuidados intensivos y 377 (46,4%) fallecieron. Se asociaron a la mortalidad el requerimiento de soporte ventilatorio, el mayor compromiso pulmonar y los marcadores inflamatorios. Encontramos que por cada 10 años que aumentó la edad, el riesgo de morir se incrementó en 32% (riesgo relativo: 1,32; intervalo de confianza 95%: 1,25 a 1,38). Aquellos pacientes que requirieron ingreso a unidad de cuidados intensivos y ventilación mecánica tuvieron 1,39 (intervalo de confianza 95%: 1,13 a 1,69) y 1,97 (intervalo de confianza 95%: 1,69 a 2,29) veces el riesgo de morir, respectivamente. Conclusión La mortalidad encontrada en nuestro estudio fue alta y estuvo asociada a la edad, marcadores inflamatorios y compromiso respiratorio.

Objectives To describe and assess clinical characteristics and factors associated with mortality in adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to a national referral hospital in Peru. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study that included hospitalized patients older than 18 years with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection diagnosis. Patients with a positive rapid serological test on admission but no respiratory symptoms nor compatible images were excluded. We collected the data from clinical records. Results A total of 813 adults were included, 544 (66.9%) with confirmed COVID-19. The mean age was 61.2 years (standard deviation: 15.0), and 575 (70.5%) were male. The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension (34.1%) and obesity (25.9%). On admission, the most frequent symptoms were dyspnea (82.2%) and cough (53.9%). A total of 114 (14.0%) patients received mechanical ventilation, 38 (4.7%) were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 377 (46.4%) died. The requirement for ventilatory support, greater lung involvement, and inflammatory markers were associated with higher mortality. It was found that for every 10-year age increase, the risk of dying increased 32% (relative risk: 1.32; 95% confidence interval: 1.25 to 1.38). Those who were admitted to the intensive care unit and and were placed on mechanical ventilation had 1.39 (95% confidence interval: 1.13 to 1.69) and 1.97 (95% confidence interval: 1.69 to 2.29) times the risk of dying compared to those who did not, respectively. Conclusion We found a high mortality rate among hospitalized patients associated with older age, higher inflammatory markers, and greater lung involvement.

Body mass index, asthma, and respiratory symptoms: a population-based study / Índice de massa corpórea, asma e sintomas respiratórios: um estudo de base populacional

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and asthma, according to body mass index (BMI), as well as to evaluate factors associated with physician-diagnosed asthma, in individuals ≥ 40 years of age. Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in Florianópolis, Brazil, with probability sampling. Data were collected during home visits. Demographic data were collected, as were reports of physician-diagnosed asthma, respiratory symptoms, medications in use, and comorbidities. Anthropometric measurements were taken. Individuals also underwent spirometry before and after bronchodilator administration. Individuals were categorized as being of normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2), overweight (25 kg/m2 ≥ BMI < 30 kg/m2), or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Results: A total of 1,026 individuals were evaluated, 274 (26.7%) were of normal weight, 436 (42.5%) were overweight, and 316 (30.8%) were obese. The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma was 11.0%. The prevalence of obesity was higher in women (p = 0.03), as it was in respondents with ≤ 4 years of schooling (p < 0.001) or a family income of 3-10 times the national minimum wage. Physician-diagnosed asthma was more common among obese individuals than among those who were overweight and those of normal weight (16.1%, 9.9%, and 8.0%, respectively; p = 0.04), as were dyspnea (35.5%, 22.5%, and 17.9%, respectively; p < 0.001) and wheezing in the last year (25.6%, 11.9%, and 14.6%, respectively; p < 0.001). These results were independent of patient smoking status. In addition, obese individuals were three times more likely to report physician-diagnosed asthma than were those of normal weight (p = 0.005). Conclusions: A report of physician-diagnosed asthma showed a significant association with being ≥ 40 years of age and with having a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Being obese tripled the chance of physician-diagnosed asthma.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de sintomas respiratórios e asma de acordo com o índice de massa corpórea (IMC) em indivíduos com idade ≥ 40 anos e avaliar os fatores associados ao relato de diagnóstico médico de asma. Métodos: Estudo transversal de base populacional realizado no município de Florianópolis (SC), com coleta domiciliar de dados e processo de amostragem probabilístico. Foram coletadas informações demográficas, assim como sobre relato de diagnóstico médico de asma, sintomas respiratórios, medicações em uso e comorbidades. Também foram realizadas medidas antropométricas e espirometria pré- e pós-broncodilatador. O IMC foi categorizado em normal (IMC < 25 kg/m2), sobrepeso (25 kg/m2 ≥ IMC < 30 kg/m2) e obesidade (IMC ≥ 30 kg/m2). Resultados: Foram avaliados 1.026 indivíduos, 274 (26,7%) com IMC normal, 436 (42,5%) com sobrepeso e 316 (30,8%) obesos. A prevalência de diagnóstico médico de asma foi de 11,0%. A prevalência de obesidade foi maior em mulheres (p = 0,03) e em entrevistados com escolaridade < 4 anos (p < 0,001) ou com renda familiar entre 3-10 salários mínimos. Obesos, quando comparados com aqueles com sobrepeso e peso normal, relataram mais frequentemente diagnóstico médico de asma (16,1%, 9,9% e 8,0%, respectivamente; p = 0,04), dispneia (35,5%, 22,5% e 17,9%, respectivamente; p < 0,001) e sibilos no último ano (25,6%, 11,9% e 14,6%, respectivamente; p < 0,001). Esses resultados foram independentes do status tabágico. Além disso, obesos tinham uma chance três vezes maior de relato de diagnóstico médico de asma do que não obesos (p = 0,005). Conclusões: Houve associação significativa entre o relato de diagnóstico médico de asma em indivíduos com idade ≥ 40 anos e IMC ≥ 30 kg/m2. Ser obeso triplicou a chance de diagnóstico médico de asma.

Axial Spondyloarthritis after bariatric surgery: a 7-year retrospective analysis

Abstract Background: In recent decades, obesity has become a public health problem in many countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the main joint and extra-articular manifestations related to spondyloarthritis (SpA) after bariatric surgery (BS) in a retrospective cohort. Methods: Demographic, clinical, laboratory and imaging data from nine patients whose SpA symptoms started after a BS have been described. Modified New York (mNY) criteria for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria for axial (ax-SpA) and peripheral (p-SpA) spondyloarthritis were applied. Results: The mean weight reduction after BS was 49.3 ±21.9 kg. The BS techniques were Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n =8; 88.9%) and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (n = 1; 11.1%). Four (44.4%) patients had no axial or peripheral pain complaints before BS, while the other four (44.4%) had sporadic non-inflammatory back pain that had been attributed to obesity. One patient (11.1%) had persistent chronic back pain. In all nine cases, patients reported back pain onset or pattern (intensity or night pain) change after BS (mean time 14.7 ± 18 months). In addition, 8 of them (88.9%) were human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 positive. All nine patients could be classified according to ASAS criteria as ax-SpA and five (55.6%) patients were classified as AS, according to the mNY criteria. Conclusion: Our data highlight a temporal link between SpA onset symptoms and the BS, suggesting a possible causal plausibility between the two events.

Avaliação da capacidade funcional, qualidade de vida e do sono em indivíduos com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica / Evaluation of functional capacity, quality of life and quality of sleep in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objetivo: Avaliar a capacidade funcional, a qualidade de vida e do sono em pacientes portadores de doença pulmonar obstru-tiva crônica (DPOC). Material e Métodos: Estudo quantitativo do tipo transversal, no qual foram avaliados 11 voluntários com diagnóstico clínico e espirométrico de DPOC em atendimento no Centro de Reabilitação II (UEPA) e 15 voluntários saudáveis (grupo controle). Foi aplicada uma ficha de avaliação para registro dos dados clínicos e demográficos dos voluntários. A avaliação da capacidade funcional foi realizada por meio do Teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6min); a qualidade de vida, por meio da utilização do Questionário de Qualidade de Vida SF36 (Medical Outcomes Study 36 ­ Item Short ­ Form Health Survey) e da avaliação da qualidade do sono por meio do Índice de Qualidade de Sono de Pittsburgh (IQSP). As informações coletadas foram armazenadas no software Excel 2007™ (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, USA) e analisadas por meio dos softwares BIO ESTAT versão 5.0™. Foi adotado o nível α de 0.05 para rejeição da hipótese nula. Resultados:A média da distância percorrida no TC6 foi de 398.0±18.44 m para o DPOC e 523.9±15.41m para os saudáveis (p-valor <0.0001). Todos os domínios do SF36 encontraram-se alterados no DPOC e houve significância estatística quando comparados os grupos. O IQSP indicou que a maioria dos indivíduos com DPOC possui má qualidade do sono. Conclusão: O estudo trouxe resultados significativos, mostrando que os indivíduos atendidos no Centro de Reabilitação II, encontram-se limitados no que diz respeito ao exercício, qualidade de vida e do sono, indicando a necessidade de avaliar o indivíduo com DPOC de maneira biopsicossocial. (AU)

Objective: To evaluate functional capacity, quality of life and quality of sleep in COPD patients. Methods: 11 Volunteers with a clinical spirometryc diagnosis of COPD, of both genders, on treatment at the CER II, and 15 healthy volunteers (control group) .To evaluate the volunteers, it was used: an evaluation sheet, containing the volunteer's identification and clinical data, the Six minute walk test (6WT) to evaluate the patient's functional capacity, the Medical Outcomes Study 36­ Item Short ­ Form Health Survey to assess quality of life, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) to evaluate quality of sleep. All data collected was stored in the software Excel 2007™ (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, USA), and analyzed through the software BIO ESTAT 5.0™. The α level of 0.05 was be applied to reject the null hypothesis. Results: The mean value for distance among the COPD group was 398.0±18.44 m and 523.9±15.41m for the control group (p-value <0.0001). All do-mains of the SF-36 were altered. The PSQI indicated that most individuals with COPD have bad quality of sleep. Conclusion:This study had significative results, showing that the subjects of this study are limited, when it comes to exercise, quality of life and quality of sleep, indicating the need to evaluate COPD individuals in a biopsychosocial manner. (AU)

Associações entre discriminadores do Sistema de Triagem de Manchester e diagnósticos de enfermagem / Asociación entre el Sistema de Triage Manchester y el diagnóstico de enfermería / Association between Manchester Triage System discriminators and nursing diagnoses

Resumo OBJETIVO Analisar associações entre discriminadores do Sistema de Triagem de Manchester e Diagnósticos de Enfermagem em pacientes adultos, classificados com prioridade clínica I (emergência) e II (muito urgente). MÉTODO Estudo transversal realizado na unidade de emergência do sul do Brasil, entre abril e agosto de 2014. Amostra de 219 pacientes. Os dados foram coletados no prontuário online e analisados estatisticamente, com teste exato de Fisher ou qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS Encontrou-se 16 discriminadores e 14 diagnósticos de enfermagem. Houve associação entre sete discriminadores e cinco diagnósticos de enfermagem do tipo foco no problema, dentre Dor precordial ou cardíaca com o diagnóstico Dor aguda. Também houve associação entre três discriminadores com quatro diagnósticos de enfermagem de risco, dentre Déficit neurológico agudo com o diagnóstico Risco de perfusão tissular cerebral ineficaz. CONCLUSÃO Existem associações significativas entre discriminadores do Sistema de Triagem de Manchester e diagnósticos de enfermagem mais frequentemente estabelecidos na Unidade de Emergência.

Resumen OBJETIVO Analizar asociaciones entre los discernidores del Sistema Triaje de Manchester y los Diagnósticos de Enfermería en pacientes adultos con prioridad clínica I (emergencia) y II (muy urgente). MÉTODO Estudio transversal realizado en la unidad de emergencia del sur de Brasil, entre abril y agosto de 2014, con la muestra de 219 pacientes. La colecta de datos fue realizada en el prontuario online de los pacientes. El análisis estadístico fue realizado con el uso del Test Exacto de Fisher o chi-cuadrado. RESULTADOS Fue identificado el uso de 16 discernidores y 14 diagnósticos de enfermería. Hubo una asociación entre siete discernidores y cinco diagnósticos de enfermería del tipo foco en el problema, entre estos Dolor precordial o cardíaca y Dolor agudo. También hubo asociación entre tres discernidores y cuatro diagnósticos de enfermería de riesgo, entre estos Déficit neurológico agudo con el diagnóstico Riesgo de perfusión tisular cerebral ineficaz. CONCLUSIÓN Existen asociaciones significativas entre los discernidores del Sistema Triaje de Manchester y los diagnósticos de enfermería más frecuente establecidos en la Unidad de Emergencia.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between Manchester Triage System flowchart discriminators and nursing diagnoses in adult patients classified as clinical priority I (emergency) and II (very urgent). METHOD Cross-sectional study conducted in an emergency department in southern Brazil between April and August 2014. The sample included 219 patients. Data were collected from online patient medical records and data analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test or the chi-square test. RESULTS 16 discriminators and 14 nursing diagnoses were identified. Associations were found between seven discriminators and five problem-focused nursing diagnoses, including the discriminator Cardiac pain and the diagnosis Acute pain. Three discriminators were associated with four risk nursing diagnoses, among these Acute neurological deficit with the diagnosis Risk of ineffective cerebral tissue perfusion. CONCLUSION Significant associations were found between Manchester Triage System discriminators and the nursing diagnoses most frequently established in the emergency department.

Age and mini-mental state examination score can predict poor-quality spirometry in the elderly: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES: The goal was to identify predictors of poor-quality spirometry in community-dwelling older adults and their respective cutoffs. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional population-based study involving 245 elderly subjects (age≥60 years). The spirometric data were categorized as good or poor quality, and cognitive status was assessed using an adapted version (scaled to have a maximum of 19 points) of the Mini-Mental State Examination. Multivariate analysis was used to assess the association between poor-quality spirometry and sociodemographic, behavioral and health characteristics. The best cutoff points for predicting poor-quality spirometry were evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: In this population, 61 (24.9%) subjects with poor-quality spirometry were identified. After multiple logistic regression analysis, only age and Mini-Mental State Examination score were still associated with poor-quality spirometry (p≤0.05). The cutoff for the Mini-Mental State Examination score was 15 points, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.628 (p=0.0017), sensitivity of 74.5% and specificity of 49.5%; for age, the cutoff was 78 years, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.718 (p=0.0001), sensitivity of 57.4% and specificity of 79.9%. CONCLUSION: Age and Mini-Mental State Examination score together are good predictors of poor-quality spirometry and can contribute to the screening of community-dwelling older adults unable to meet the minimum quality criteria for a spirometric test.

Valoración mediante espirometría de mineros del carbón de Paipa, Colombia / Spirometry in a population of coal miners in Paipa, Colombia

RESUMEN Introducción: Las enfermedades respiratorias derivadas de la exposición a material en partículas, como sucede en la minería del carbón, continúa siendo un reto investigativo en el país y un problema de salud pública. La espirometría es una prueba de la función respiratoria, fundamental para el diagnóstico y la vigilancia de este tipo de enfermedades pulmonares crónicas. Objetivo. Determinar los valores de la espirometría en la población minera de carbón del municipio de Paipa, y su asociación con la edad y el tiempo de exposición laboral. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se diligenció el cuestionario de enfermedad respiratoria ocupacional de la American Thoracic Society (ATS), se registraron las mediciones de la espirometría y se interpretaron siguiendo las recomendaciones internacionales. Resultados. La muestra incluyó 226 trabajadores de minas de carbón de Paipa; en 12,3 % (n=28) de ellos se registraron alteraciones leves, de tipo obstructivo o restrictivo. En 35 % (n=80) hubo disminución de la relación entre la capacidad vital forzada y el volumen espirado en el primer segundo (CVF/VEF1 ). Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el rango de edad (p=0,002) y los años de trabajo minero (p=0,34), además de trastornos restrictivos y obstructivos. Asimismo, hubo una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el rango de edad (p<0,01) y los años de trabajo minero (p<0,01), de diferente seriedad en el patrón de las mediciones de la espirometría. Conclusiones. La espirometría es una prueba útil para detectar la presencia de trastornos respiratorios en la población minera del carbón. La enfermedad respiratoria en estos mineros estuvo significativamente asociada con el tiempo de exposición.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Respiratory diseases resulting from exposure to particulate matter such as in coal mining remains a research challenge in this country and a public health issue. Spirometry is a basic test of fundamental respiratory function for the diagnosis and monitoring of these types of chronic lung diseases. Objective: To determine spirometric values in the coal mining municipality of Paipa and their association with age and occupational exposure times. Materials and methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study. The occupational respiratory disease questionnaire of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) was completed while spirometric measurements were performed and interpreted in accordance with international recommendations for conducting the test. Results: The sample consisted of 226 coal mining workers of the municipality of Paipa. Twenty-eight subjects (12.3%) of the sample showed patterns of obstructive and restrictive respiratory disease with mild degrees of severity. Eighty subjects (35%) showed a decrease in the forced vital capacity ratio/expiratory volume in one second (FVC/FEV1 ). A statistically significant association between age range (p=0.002) and years of mining work (p=0.34) with the development of restrictive and obstructive disorders was found. Also, there was a statistically significant association between age range (p<0.01) and years of mining work (p<0.01) with various degrees of severity of the spirometric pattern. Conclusions: Spirometry is a useful test for detecting the presence of respiratory disorders in the population of coal miners. The time of exposure was significantly associated with the respiratory disease exhibited by these miners.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Assessment Test na avaliação de pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica em reabilitação pulmonar: há relação com nível de dispneia nas atividades de vida diária e com índice preditor de mortalidade? Estudo transversal / Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Assessment Test in assessing of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: there is a relationship with activities of daily living and mortality predictor index? A cross-sectional study / Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Assessment Test en la evaluación de pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en rehabilitación pulmonar: ¿Hay relación con el nivel de disnea en las actividades de la vida diaria y con el índice predictor de mortalidad? Estudio transversal

O objetivo do estudo foi investigar se há relação entre o impacto da Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) no estado de saúde com o nível de dispneia nas atividades de vida diária (AVD) e o índice preditor de mortalidade em pacientes em reabilitação pulmonar (RP). Trata-se de um estudo transversal, em que foram avaliados 32 pacientes com DPOC moderada a muito grave (23 homens; 66,6±12,0 anos; VEF1: 40,6±15,6% previsto) por meio do COPD Assessment Test (CAT), Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC), Teste de Caminhada de Seis Minutos (TC6), London Chest Activity of Daily Living Scale (LCADL), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) e Índice BODE (Body mass index, airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea and Exercise capacity). Observaram-se correlações positivas moderadas do CAT com o questionário mMRC (r=0,35; p=0,048), a pontuação total da LCADL (r=0,60; p<0,001) e com a porcentagem da pontuação total da LCADL (r=0,57; p=0,001). Apenas a pontuação total da LCADL é capaz de predizer independentemente a pontuação do questionário CAT (p<0,05; r²=0,61). Não foram constatadas correlações significativas entre o CAT e o Índice BODE, IMC, TC6 e VEF1. Dessa forma, quanto maior o nível de dispneia nas AVD, maior o impacto da DPOC no estado de saúde do paciente, entretanto, o mesmo não ocorre em relação ao prognóstico de mortalidade nos pacientes com DPOC em RP...

The aim of this study was to investigate if there is a relationship between the impact of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) on health status and the level of dyspnea in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and the mortality predictor index in patients undergoing Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR). It is a cross-sectional study in which 32 patients with moderate to very severe COPD (23 men; 66.6±12.0 years; FEV1: 40.6±15.6% predicted) were assessed by: COPD Assessment Test (CAT), Body Mass Index (BMI), six-Minute Walking Test (6MWT), London Chest Activity of Daily Living Scale (LCADL), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) and BODE Index (Body mass index, airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea and Exercise capacity). The CAT score presented moderate correlation with the mMRC questionnaire (r=0.35; p=0.048), total score of LCADL (r=0.60; p<0.001) and total score LCADL percentage (r=0.57; p=0.001). Only the total score of LCADL is able to predict the CAT questionnaire scores (p<0.05; r²=0.61). There were no significant correlations between CAT and BODE index, BMI, FEV1 and 6MWT. Thus, the higher the level of dyspnea in ADL, the greater the impact of COPD on the patient's health status. However, this is not true in relation to mortality prognosis in patients with COPD in PR...

El objetivo del estudio fue investigar si hay relación entre el impacto de la Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (EPOC) en el estado de salud con el nivel de disnea en las actividades de la vida diaria (AVD) y el índice predictor de mortalidad en pacientes en rehabilitación pulmonar (RP). Se trata de un estudio transversal, en el que fueron evaluados 32 pacientes con EPOC moderada a muy grave (23 hombres; 66,6±12,0 años; VEF1: 40,6±15,6% previsto) por medio del COPD Assessment Test (CAT), Índice de Masa Corpórea (IMC), Test de Caminata de Seis Minutos (TC6), London Chest Activity of Daily Living Scale (LCADL), mo dified Medical Research Council (mMRC) e Índice BODE (Body mass index, airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea and Exercise capacity). Se observaron correlaciones positivas moderadas del CAT con el cuestionario mMRC (r=0,35; p=0,048), la puntuación total de la LCADL (r=0,60; p<0,001) y con el porcentaje de la puntuación total de la LCADL (r=0,57; p=0,001). Apenas la puntuación total de la LCADL es capaz de predecir independientemente la puntuación del cuestionario CAT (p<0,05; r²=0,61). No fueron constatadas correlaciones significativas entre el CAT y el Índice BODE, IMC, TC6 e VEF1. De esa forma, cuanto mayor es el nivel de disnea en las AVD, mayor es el impacto de la EPOC en el estado de salud del paciente, entre tanto, lo mismo no ocurre en relación al pronóstico de mortalidad en los pacientes con EPOC en RP...

Sintomatología respiratoria y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y su asociación a contaminación intradomiciliaria en el área metropolitana de Santiago: estudio platino / Association between indoor pollution, respiratory symptoms and COPD in Santiago, Chile: platino study

The aim of this study is to report the association between indoor pollution (IP), chronic respiratory symptoms (CRS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Data provided from PLATINO study considering a sample of 1.208 subjects 40 and over years old population in Santiago, Chile. Analyses regarding indoor air pollution variables, smoking, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and lifetime exposure to occupational dust and CRS and COPD as main outcomes was performed. Crude and adjusted prevalence odds ratios (POR) were calculated using logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. Variables explaining higher COPD risk were age > 60 years (POR 3.94, CI95 percent 2.87-5.41, p < 0.01) and males (POR 2.08, CI95 percent 1.53-2.83, p < 0.01). Exposure to coal IP was associated with CRS (POR 1.41, CI95 percent 1.05-1.89; p = 0.024), as well as exposure to firewood IP (POR 1.42, CI95 percent 1.04-1.93; p = 0.029) and ETS (POR 2.15, CI95 percent 1.24-3.73, p = 0.006). Exposure to coal, firewood and ETS are independent risk factors for CRS. Association between exposure to IP and COPD was not observed.

El objetivo de la comunicación fue evaluar la asociación entre contaminación intradomiciliaria (CID) y la presencia de síntomas respiratorios crónicos (SRC) y Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (EPOC). Se analizó información del estudio de prevalencia Platino en base a una muestra de población general de 1.208 sujetos de 40 y más años de Santiago, Chile. Se analizó la CID derivada del uso de combustibles sólidos, exposición a humo ambiental (EHAT) y el reporte de exposición previa a polvo de origen ocupacional calculando Odds Ratio de Prevalencia (ORP) crudos y ajustados por potenciales variables confundentes. Las variables que determinan mayor riesgo de EPOC fueron edad mayor 60 años (ORP 3,9; IC95 por ciento 2,9-5,4; p < 0,01) y sexo masculino (OR 2,08; IC95 por ciento 1,5-2,8; p < 0,01). La CID derivada de carbón se asoció con síntomas respiratorios crónicos (ORP 1,4; IC95 por ciento 1,05-1,89; p = 0,024), al igual que el antecedente de exposición a humo de leña (ORP 1,4, IC95 por ciento 1,04-1,9; p = 0,029) y EHAT (ORP 2,1, IC95 por ciento 1,2-3,7; p = 0,006). La exposición a carbón, leña y EHAT constituyen factores de riesgo independientes para presentar SRC. No se encontró asociación entre CID y EPOC.

Características clínicas a nivel domiciliario de los pacientes con EPOC atendidos en una institución de primer nivel de Risaralda / Clinical Characteristics on a Domestic Level of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Attended to in a Primary Care Institution of Risaralda

La Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica EPOC, es un proceso patológico que se caracteriza por obstrucción progresiva al flujo de aire; no es completamente reversible y se acompaña de alteración inflamatoria producida por la inhalación prolongada de gases nocivos. La obstrucción al flujo de aire se debe a una combinación variable de inflamación y remodelación de las vías aéreas periféricas, hipersecreción de moco y destrucción del parénquima pulmonar (enfisema), con disminución del retroceso elástico, hiperinsuflación, con cierre prematuro de las vías aéreas periféricas. Mediante este estudio se evaluaron las características clínicas a nivel domiciliario de los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, atendidos en una institución de primer nivel en un municipio de Risaralda, durante el 1er semestre de 2004. De 170 pacientes con EPOC de un hospital de 1er. nivel de Risaralda, se evaluaron 32 pacientes mediante encuesta aplicada en su vivienda, para analizar las características clínicas. Género mayoritario masculino 62.5 por cien, con mayor frecuencia se hospitalización; 81.2 por cien de los pacientes entre los 70 y 91 años de edad; exposición al tabaco (actual o previa) 60 por cien, y 46.7 por cien con animales domésticos en la vivienda. En cuanto la causa de la enfermedad el 61 por cien de la población refería el tabaquismo; el cambio de clima fue la razón más expuesta por los pacientes como causa de exacerbación en un 62.5 por cien; el uso de los inhaladores se calificó como incorrecto por parte de las investigadoras en un 76.6 por cien el número de hospitalizaciones fue de 80 por cien entre 1 a 3 veces en el último año; el 40.6 por cien tenía depresión al momento de la visita domiciliaria relacionada con el número de hospitalizaciones. (Valor de p: 0,1).

Octogenários: resultados de 3659 necrópsias (12 anos de observaçäo) / Octogenarians: results of 3659 necropsies (12 years of observation)

No InCór, no período compreendido entre janeiro de 1978 e dezembro de 1990, foram realizadas 3659 necropsias, das quais 106 relativas a pacientes com idade ( 80 anos. Destes, 55 (51,88 por cento) eram do sexo masculino e 51 (48,1l por cento) do feminino. A média de idade foi igual a 83,66 (80 a 93 anos). Dentre os principais sintomas (Gráfico 3) apresentados figuravam: a angima do peito em 40,56 por cento, a dispnéia em 25,47 por cento e a síncope em 8,49 deles. Em 47,16 por cento dos pacientes os sintomas haviam se iniciado a mais de seis meses. Dentre os sistemas desencadeantes dos óbitos (Gráfico 1), encontramos o cardiovascular em 74,52 por cento, o respiratória em 10,37 por cento, o digestivo em 9,43 por cento, o nervoso em 1,88 por cento, o urinário em 1,88 por cento e outros em 1,88 por cento. Entre os óbitos cardiovasculares (Gráfico 2), 56,96 por cento foram devidos a coronariopatia, 12,65 por cento a miocardiopatia, 10,12 por cento devido aos aneurismas da aorta e 8,86 por cento atribuídos às arritmias. Baseados na casuística prévia e considerando: 1) que o sistema cardiovascular foi o maior determinante dos óbitos (74,52 por cento); 2) que as coronariopatias foram responsáveis por 56,96 por cento dos óbitos cardiovasculares; 3) que a revascularizaçao convencional neste grupo tem mortalidade atual de 8,5 por cento; 4) que a angioplastia primária foi bem sucedida em 93,2 por cento, concluímos que ambas, a qualidade e a expectativa de vida, podem ser melhoradas trazendo o octogenário para próximo do médico, ou reduzindo o intervalo entre suas avaliaçoes.