Prevalência de distúrbios da comunicação, deglutição e motricidade orofacial em crianças e adolescentes no momento da matrícula em um hospital oncológico / Prevalence of communication, swallowing and orofacial myofunctional disorders in children and adolescents at the time of admission at a cancer hospital

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever a prevalência dos distúrbios da comunicação, deglutição e motricidade orofacial em um grupo de crianças e adolescentes, no momento da matrícula hospitalar em um instituto oncológico. Método Estudo transversal, com a inclusão de crianças com dois anos ou mais e adolescentes de ambos os gêneros, matriculados na Seção de Oncologia Pediátrica do Instituto Nacional de Câncer José de Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA) no período de março de 2014 a abril de 2015 para investigação e/ou tratamento de tumores sólidos. Foi utilizado um protocolo para registro das informações sociodemográficas e clínicas e os achados da avaliação clínica fonoaudiológica, que contemplava aspectos do sistema sensório-motor oral, deglutição, fala, linguagem, voz e audição. Resultados Oitenta e oito crianças/adolescentes (41,3%) avaliados apresentavam algum tipo de distúrbio fonoaudiológico. As alterações fonoaudiológicas mais frequentes foram o distúrbio miofuncional orofacial, a disfonia e os transtornos de linguagem. Os menos frequentes foram a disacusia, a paralisia de língua e o trismo. A variável clínica que teve associação estatisticamente significante com a presença de alterações fonoaudiológicas foi o local da lesão. Conclusão O estudo demonstrou uma alta prevalência de alterações fonoaudiológicas em crianças e adolescentes no momento da matrícula hospitalar em um hospital oncológico. A ocorrência de transtornos fonoaudiológicos foi maior nos grupos de participantes com lesões localizadas no sistema nervoso central e na região da cabeça e pescoço.

ABSTRACT Purpose Describe the prevalence of communication, swallowing and orofacial myofunctional disorders in a group of children and adolescents at the time of registration at a cancer hospital. Methods A cross-sectional study conducted with children aged ≥2 and adolescents, of both genders, admitted to the Pediatric Oncology Section of the Instituto Nacional de Câncer José de Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA) from March 2014 to April 2015 for investigation and/or treatment of solid tumors. A protocol was used to record the sociodemographic and clinical information and findings of the speech-language pathology clinical evaluation, which included aspects of the oral sensorimotor system, swallowing, speech, language, voice, and hearing. Results Eighty-eight children/adolescents (41.3%) presented some type of speech-language disorder. The most frequent speech-language disorders were orofacial myofunctional disorder, dysphonia, and language impairments, whereas the less frequent ones were dysacusis, tongue paralysis, and trismus. Site of the lesion was the clinical variable that presented statistically significant correlation with presence of speech-language disorders. Conclusion High prevalence of speech-language disorders was observed in children and adolescents at the time of admission at a cancer hospital. Occurrence of speech-language disorders was higher in participants with lesions in the central nervous system and in the head and neck region.

Referred speech-language and hearing complaints in the western region of São Paulo, Brazil

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to characterize the epidemiological profile of the population attending primary health care units in the western region of the city of São Paulo, Brazil, highlighting referred speech-language and hearing complaints. METHOD: This investigation was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in primary health care units. Household surveys were conducted and information was obtained from approximately 2602 individuals, including (but not limited to) data related to education, family income, health issues, access to public services and access to health services. The speech-language and hearing complaints were identified from specific questions. RESULTS: Our results revealed that the populations participating in the survey were heterogeneous in terms of their demographic and economic characteristics. The prevalence of referred speech-language and hearing complaints in this population was 10%, and only half the users of the public health system in the studied region who had complaints were monitored or received specific treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate the importance of using population surveys to identify speech-language and hearing complaints at the level of primary health care. Moreover, these findings highlight the need to reorganize the speech-language pathology and audiology service in the western region of São Paulo, as well as the need to improve the Family Health Strategy in areas that do not have a complete coverage, in order to expand and improve the territorial diagnostics and the speech-language pathology and audiology actions related to the prevention, identification, and rehabilitation of human communication disorders. .

Prevalência de desordens de fala em escolares e fatores associados / Prevalence of speech disorders in schoolchildren and its associated factors

OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência de alterações de fala em escolares e fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado em amostra aleatória de 1.810 escolares de ambos sexos, matriculados na primeira série de ensino público de Canoas (Rio Grande do Sul), em 2001. Os escolares com idades entre cinco e 11 anos foram submetidos a teste de rastreamento, previamente validado para levantamento de alterações fonéticas e/ou fonológicas. Dados referentes à história de repetência escolar, sexo, idade da criança, escolaridade do pai e escolaridade da mãe foram levantados para testar as associações. As associações entre as variáveis foram analisadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de desordens de fala nas crianças estudadas foi de 24,6 por cento e maior em crianças com cinco a seis anos quando comparadas com as crianças com dez anos ou mais. A prevalência de alteração de fala por volta dos cinco anos de idade foi de 57 por cento e entre oito e dez anos, 42 por cento. A proporção de alteração de fala foi semelhante entre os sexos. As alterações se associaram ao grau de escolaridade das mães e dos pais, 79,5 por cento e 78,6 por cento, respectivamente, com menos de um ano de estudo. CONCLUSÕES: Os escolares estudados apresentaram prevalência de alterações de fala maior que as encontradas na literatura. A escolaridade dos pais foi importante fator associado às alterações.

OBJECTIVE: To assess prevalence of speech disorders in schoolchildren and its associated factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study comprising a random sample of 1,810 schoolchildren attending the first grade in public schools in a city of Southern Brazil, in 2001. Schoolchildren aged between five and 11 years were evaluated using a previously validated speech screening test for phonetic and/or phonologic disorders. Data on school failure, gender, age and maternal and paternal schooling were collected to test associations. Associations between variables were analyzed using the Chi-square test. RESULTS: The prevalence of speech disorders in the children studied was 24.6 percent and they were more prevalent in younger children aged five and six compared to children aged ten or more. Speech disorders prevalence around five years old was 57 percent and between eight and ten years old was 42 percent. Speech disorders frequency was similar in both sexes. The prevalence of disorders was associated to maternal and paternal schooling, 79.5 percent and 78.6 percent, respectively, when parents had less then one year of study. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of speech disorders among schoolchildren studied was higher than that described in the literature. Parental schooling was a major factor associated to these disorders.